非謂語動詞做題技巧

1、1. to do 2.-ing 3.done1.謂語動詞：謂語動詞：概述：概述：2. 非謂語詞：非謂語詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分語外的所有成分非謂語動詞講解一非謂語動詞講解一 ：謂語動詞與非謂語動詞：謂語動詞與非謂語動詞判別謂語動詞及非謂語動詞的方法判別謂語動詞及非謂語動詞的方法1. 2. leavingleft 1. The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there,

2、_ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 非非謂謂語語不定式（to do)分詞動名詞（-ing)過去分詞(-ed)現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing

3、)v- ingv-ed非謂語動詞講解二：構(gòu)成非謂語動詞講解二：構(gòu)成動詞不定式的基本形式動詞不定式的基本形式主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式進行式進行式 由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成有時為了強調(diào)也可用never 1. 不定式的動作與謂語動詞不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，或之后同時發(fā)生時，或之后發(fā)生發(fā)生,用一般時用一般時態(tài)態(tài) 1) He wanted _ (see) you. 2) I hope _(see) you again.to seeto seeto be readingto have written4. 強調(diào)動作從過去某時開始，

4、一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下強調(diào)動作從過去某時開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下 去時，用完成進行式去時，用完成進行式 She is said (work) on the problem for many years.3. 強調(diào)不定式的動作強調(diào)不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時，用不定式完成時發(fā)生時，用不定式完成時 He is said _ (write) a novel last year. 2. 強調(diào)不定式的動作強調(diào)不定式的動作正在進行時正在進行時， 用進行時態(tài)用進行時態(tài) When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. 分詞的基本形式分詞

5、的基本形式被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)完成式完成式 主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)一般式一般式過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在分分詞詞doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donedone及物動詞（及物動詞（do)不及物動詞不及物動詞(go)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)having gonegonegoing3）否定形式）否定形式“not+分詞分詞”。 Not having found her child, the mother was very worried.注意注意1) 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 一般式一般式表示和表示和謂語動詞謂語動詞所表示的動作所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或此同時發(fā)生或此時正在進行的行為時正

6、在進行的行為； 完成式完成式（having +過去分詞過去分詞)表示在表示在謂語動詞謂語動詞所表示所表示的動作的動作之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生的動作。的動作。Seeing from here, we can have a good view of the Birds Nest. Having finished the lessons, all the students went back home.2) 過去分詞過去分詞 表示在表示在謂語動詞謂語動詞的動作的動作之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生，本身表示，本身表示被動含義，被動含義，沒有完成式?jīng)]有完成式。非謂語動詞主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞非謂

7、語動詞講解三：句法作用非謂語動詞講解三：句法作用 動詞不定式動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補動詞不

8、定式動詞不定式動詞動詞-ing 形式形式動詞過去分動詞過去分詞詞一般式一般式to dodoingdone一般被動式一般被動式to be donebeing done完成式完成式to have donehaving done完成被動式完成被動式to have been donehaving been done進行式進行式to be doing完成進行式完成進行式to have been doing非謂語動詞的形式（以非謂語動詞的形式（以do為例）為例） Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted t

9、o see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talki

10、ng with my father is Mr. Wang.7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother.8. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭。生活就是斗爭。)找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）下面從二個方面來復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞下面從二個方面來復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞1.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟非謂語動詞解題四大步驟一一.非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞的 七

11、大經(jīng)典原則七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與 主句主主句主語保持一致語保持一致原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式式

12、原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生尚未發(fā)生; 用用-ing，表示動作正在進行，表示動作正在進行; 用過去分詞，表示動用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義英語非謂語動詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則英語非謂語動詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. （2007江西卷）江西卷） A.

13、training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析】由于進行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以【解析】由于進行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以 要用不定式，因此可排除要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和和 B。另外，由于。另外，由于“他他”與與“訓(xùn)練訓(xùn)練” 為被動關(guān)系，故選為被動關(guān)系，故選 D。 如：如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g f

14、lour.（2006廣東卷）廣東卷） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making to catch up the first bus.3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南卷湖南卷)A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb

15、B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】【解析】listen是伴隨是伴隨sat而同時由主語而同時由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用發(fā)出的，所以用-ing 作伴隨狀語；作伴隨狀語；listen to 后跟不帶后跟不帶to的不定式的不定式/-ing作賓補。作賓補?！窘馕觥坑捎谂c句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示當【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示當 時持續(xù)了一會時持續(xù)了一會 兒，故用兒，故用-ing。句意為：當信號燈變綠時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，。句意為：當信號燈變綠時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，心想

16、自己該怎么辦。心想自己該怎么辦。 原則二：原則二： 用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.-ing. listen to do/doing inging形式作伴隨狀語與形式作伴隨狀語與 to doto do作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的作伴隨狀語的inging形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號前面常常帶一逗號; ;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要在而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要在謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生, ,且且前面不能用逗號前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當形式填空用括號里的詞的適當形式填空1. Wri

17、te to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可

18、用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用一般用-ing-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。意料之中。不定式不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷）天津卷） A. to let B. letti

19、ng C. let D. having let 【解析【解析 此處用此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山東卷）山東卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be re

20、aching 8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陜西卷）陜西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (2005廣東卷廣東卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析】【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料

21、的結(jié)果。在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。練一練：練一練：The captain got me to believe that the water was so warm so I went off into the Pacific to swim ashore to an island, only _(discover) his idea of warm wasnt quite the same as mine.He left his hometown 20 years ago , never _(see) again.He left his hometown 20years ago, never _

22、 (return)to be seento returnto discover擴展：擴展：S + V + , + never to do sth / to be done 某人做某人做從未從未/再也不再也不/ 不被不被原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用-ing-ing的被動式的被動式. .9.The children talked so loudly at dinner

23、table that I had to struggle _. （2007浙江卷）浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見被聽見”，故要用被，故要用被 動式，因此動式，因此 可排除可排除 B 和和 C。另外，由于。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動作在為目的狀語，動作在 當時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選當時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選 A。 11. When she came in, she was surprised to find

24、a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes _ upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C. having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened an

25、d closed D. to open and close【解析】【解析】of 后應(yīng)接后應(yīng)接-ing，desks 與與open and close 之間存在邏輯之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，又因上的被動關(guān)系，又因could be heard，所以選，所以選-ing的被動式表正的被動式表正在被進行的動作。在被進行的動作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt. fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則

26、上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致主句主語保持一致.12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陜西卷）陜西卷）A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John 13. While watching television，_. （2005全國卷全國卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings

27、 C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell ringswatchingfaced with(be) faced with原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any

28、 other countries in the world. （2005湖北卷）湖北卷） Being separated B. Having separatedA.C. Having been separated D. to be separated 15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. （2005江西卷）江西卷） A. who has made B. having made C. made D. makinglefthas16.Li Ming is said _

29、 abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?CABisSb is said to do 據(jù)說據(jù)說原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是： 用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生; ; 用用-ing-ing，表示動作正在進行，表示動作正在進行; ; 用過去分詞，表示動作被

30、動、完成。用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海卷）上海卷） A. waited B. to wait

31、C. waiting D. wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. （2007湖南卷）湖南卷） A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed!（2007全國全國I） A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ThingsThe last on

32、elose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first， the second . the last 修飾修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。練一練：練一練：你是第二個犯這錯誤的人你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。 You are the second to make the mistake. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 這是一個已經(jīng)這是一個已經(jīng) 討論了的問題。討論了的問題。2. 這是一個正在這是一個正在 討論的問題。討論的問題。3. 這是一個將要這是一個將要 討論的問題

33、。討論的問題。This is a problem discussed. （已經(jīng)完成的被動動作）（已經(jīng)完成的被動動作）This is a problem being discussed. （正在進行的被動動作）（正在進行的被動動作）This is a problem to be discussed. （將要進行的被動動作）（將要進行的被動動作）discussed being discussed to be discussed已經(jīng)已經(jīng)正在正在將要將要原則一：用作目的狀語，原則一：用作目的狀語，原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，原則四：凡是含有被

34、動意義時，原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作 之前時，之前時，原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上用原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，可用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，可用-ing/ to do ,原則區(qū)別是：原則區(qū)別是：-ing 表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，to do 表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是有被動意

35、義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則四：凡是有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。 如果動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動形式；如果動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動形式； 如果動作正在進行，則用如果動作正在進行，則用-ing的被動形式。的被動形式。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，原則上其邏輯原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，原則上其邏輯主語應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。主語應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，原則上原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，原則上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語，原則是：不定式表示動作尚原則七：

36、用于名詞后作定語，原則是：不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生；未發(fā)生；-ing表示動作正在進行：表示動作正在進行：過去分詞表示動作完成，被動。過去分詞表示動作完成，被動。二二. 非謂語動詞解題非謂語動詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,辨別辨別“謂語與非謂語謂語與非謂語” _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. T

37、hough he was toldC_A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there. is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標點符號注意標點符號 非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。（二）找邏輯主語（二）找邏輯主語1.Walking along the stree

38、t one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. 一一般來說，作般來說，作狀語狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語；語；作作賓補賓補的非謂語動詞的邏

39、輯主語是賓語；的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語；作作定語定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。 A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD B1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.Everythingthey（三）分析語態(tài)（三）分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞分析

40、語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動主動還是還是被動被動關(guān)系。關(guān)系。 “You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. LosingJane the two students

41、（四）（四）分析時態(tài)分析時態(tài)1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant. having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C_B_D二二. 找邏輯主語找邏輯主語三、分析語態(tài)三、分析語態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)一一. 辨別辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂”三三. 非謂語動詞解題步驟非謂語動詞解題步驟方法總結(jié)：方法總結(jié)：

42、謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)Practice從高考試題看非謂語動詞考查方向從高考試題看非謂語動詞考查方向考點一：考查非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的區(qū)別?？键c一：考查非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的區(qū)別。07年年1. The sun was setting when my car 1. The sun was setting when my car _31_(_31_(breakbreak) down near a remote and ) down near a remote and poor village. poor village. 2. While she was get

43、ting me 2. While she was getting me _34_(_34_(settlesettle) into a tiny but clean ) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away w

44、here small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.there was a garage. brokesettled0808年年 1.For example, the proverb, “plucking 1.For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop_32_(help) it grow”, is up a crop_32_(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. based on the following s

45、tory. 2.Being too anxious to help an event 2.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _40_ (result) in develop often _40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.the contrary to our intention. to helpresults0909年年1.She wished that he was as easy _32_ 1.She wished that he was as easy _32_ （

46、pleaseplease）as her motheras her mother，who was always who was always delighted with perfume.delighted with perfume. 2.Besides2.Besides，shopping at this time of the year shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on y

47、our feet or _34_ on your feet or _34_ （pushpush）you with you with their elbowstheir elbows（肘部），（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.a bargain. 3.Her mother was excited. “Your father has at 3.Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _

48、40_ last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_ （inform).inform).to pleasepushedwas informed1010年年1.After a four-day journey, the young 1.After a four-day journey, the young man_33_ (present) the water to the old man_33_ (present) the water to the old man. man. 2.After the student left, the teacher let

49、 2.After the student left, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out, another student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. _37_(say) it was awful. 1111年年I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man and then I noticed a man 18 18 (sit) at the (sit) at the front. He front. He 19 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. real and giving it a voice. presentedsayingsitting/sitwas pretend