八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和練習(xí) 人教新目標(biāo)版

1、八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和練習(xí) 人教新目標(biāo)版     現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)     現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。  （1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：  -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've

2、just had it.  你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）  （2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。   如：He has taught here since 1981  他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）  I have't seen her for four years.  我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。  3結(jié)構(gòu)

3、0; 1） 陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)have( has)（not）+過(guò)去分詞其它。  have not=havent has not=hasnt.  2） 一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have( Has )主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞其它？  3） 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞have(has) +主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞其它？  eg. He has already finished his homework.  He hasnt finished his homework yet.  Has he finish

4、ed his homework yet?  -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.     （3）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)過(guò)，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。  如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。  （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990

5、,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。  a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。  They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。  b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示曾經(jīng)或從未等。 如：-Have you ever be

6、en to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？  -I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。  c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.  我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。  He has been there three times the last f

7、ew days.  近幾年他去過(guò)那里三次了。  d.用包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.  1     今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。  How many times have you been there this year?  今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？  （2）現(xiàn)在

8、完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為be（在）等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：  arrivebe here begin(start)be on  die be dead come backbe back  leave be away fall ill(s

9、ick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)  get upbe up go out be out  finish be over put on wear 或be on  open be open join be in或 be a member of  close be closed go to schoolbe a student  borrow keep buy have  catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know kn

10、ow  begin to studystudy come to workwork等  如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。  His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。  The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。  We have studied English for three years. 我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。

11、0; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：  I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）  I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明）  （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了），可用于各

12、人稱；have gone(to)表示去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。  He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。  （2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他

13、父親去世已有三年了。  （3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。  如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。     現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)  Exercises7A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。  A: Where _ Li Fei _?  B: He _ to Hainan Island

14、.  A: How long _ he _ there?  B: He _ there for three days.  A: When will he come back , do you know?  2  B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.  A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?  B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. 

15、 A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?  B: He _ there only once.     B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。  Where is Jack? He _ his country.  John _ England since he came back.  How long _ have _ this village?  

16、The Smiths _ Beijing for years.  _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.  I _ this school since three years ago.     C）選擇填空  ( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,_he?  (A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn

17、9;t  ( )2.She's never been to England, _she?  (A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is  ( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.  (A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often  ( )3.How long _he_ the library book .  (A)has, borrow (B)has

18、,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy  ( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He _to the library  (A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go  ( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week  (A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone  ( )6.

19、They_China for two years  (A)have been to (B)have been in  (c)have gone to (D)have come to     Exercises10A）按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞  arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.   be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there

20、60; He got to Beijing five minutes ago.  He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. I moved to the USA last year.  I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.  I went home yesterday.  I _ _ _ home for _ _.  They came here last week.  They _ _ here since _ _.  

21、;come/go back, return be back come/go out be out  He came out two years ago.  He _ _ _ for _ _.  We return to Fuzhou yesterday.  We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.  become be  I became a teacher in 2000.  I _ _ a teacher for _ _. &#

22、160;   The river became dirty last year.  The river _ _ dirty for _ _.  close be closed open be open  The shop closed two hours ago.  The shop _ _ _ for _ _.  The door opened at six in the morning.  The door _ _ _ for six hours.&#

23、160; get up be up die be dead  leave sw. be away from sw.  fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep  finish/end be over marry be married  I got up two hours ago.  I _ _ _ since _ _.  He left Fuzhou just now.  He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for

24、 five minutes.  My grandpa died in 2002.  My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.  The meeting finished at six.  The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.  I got to sleep two hours ago.  I _ _ _ since _ _.  They married in 1990.  They _ _ _sinc

25、e _.  start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on  I began to teach at this school in 1995.  I _ _ at this school since _.  The film began two minutes ago.  The film _ _ _ for _ _.     borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear

26、 catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know  They borrowed it last week.  They _ _ it since _ _.  I bought a pen two hours ago.  I _ _ a pen for _ _.  I got to know him last year.  I _ _ him since _ _.  I put on my glasses thre

27、e years ago.  I _ _ my glasses for _ _.  have/has gone to have been in  He has gone to Beijing.  He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.  join the league/the Party/the army   be a league/a Party member/a soldier   be a member of the league

28、/the Party   be in the league/the Party/the army  He joined the league in 2002.  He _ _ a _ _ for two years.  He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.  He _ _ _ the league for two years.  My brother joined the army two years ago.  My bro

29、ther _ _ a _ for _ _.  My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.  C）選擇填空  ( )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years  (A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died  ( )3.I have _this nice watch for two y

30、ears  (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend  ( )4.He _his home for ten years  (A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from  ( )5.He _a league member for three years  (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become  ( )6.Lih

31、ua's brother has _for two years  (A)joined the army (B)been an army  (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army  ( )7.He hasn't _Quanzhou ever since he left school  (A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away     Exercises 11 選擇填空  

32、( )1. Have you finished your homework  Yes, I _it last night  (A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish  ( )2. _you ever _to Nanjing  Yes, I _there last year.  (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went  (C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo,

33、has , been  ( )3.When _you _Lucy in New York?  I _here for two years  (A)didmeet, haven't seen (B)didmeet, haven't seen  (C)didmeet, don't see (D)wouldmeet, hadn't seen  ( )4.when_ you to Beijing?  ( )3.He _finished his home

34、work. yet  (A)doesnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have  ( )1.Have you _traveled on the train.  Yes, I have.  (A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet  ( )2.Have you finished your homework  Not_ .  (A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just &

35、#160;( )3. We haven't finished our homework .  (A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never  ( )4.Have you_ learned English?  Yes, I've _learned a lot.  (A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever  ( )5.Have you finished your homewo

36、rk _?  Yes, I've _done that  (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just  ( )6.John's father _borrowed some pictures  (A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet  Exercises4 A）用since和for填空  1) _ two years 2

37、) _ two years ago 3) _ last month  4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock  7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children  10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here     4  B）用since和for填空  1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year befo

38、re last.  2. Ive known him _ we were children.  3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.  4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.  5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.  ( )1.I've been like this ever since _ 

39、60;(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week  ( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.  (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since  ( )3. I haven't heard from him _last week.  (A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before  ( )4.His father

40、 joined the party_  (A)for three years (B)since three years ago  (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time     5  1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library.  A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in  2. The students have clean

41、ed the classroom , _?  A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they  3. I like Hainan. I _there three times.  A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone  4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.  A. have been to B. have

42、 been in C. have been D. have gone  5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months.  A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought  6. He tells me he_ China for over five years.  A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 

43、60;7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to  China?  A. How soon , comes B. How often, got  C. How long , came D. How far, arrived  8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.  A. has come here B. has started to work  C. has li

44、ved there D. has left the university     9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑問(wèn)句）?  10. They have been here since 2000 . (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))  _ have they been here?  11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)  12. This factory opened twenty years ago

45、.(改寫句子，句意不變)  This factory _ for twenty years.  13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）  Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.  14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）  _ two years_ the Green family moved to France.  15. The bus has arrived h

46、ere. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）     現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與中考題     選擇填空。  1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市）  Adidn't receive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard  2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends（重慶市）  Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone  3How long have you _ this book？（哈爾濱市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent  4Where's Pe