分析《押沙龍,押沙龍!》中羅莎的悲劇形象

1、The An alysis of the Tragic Image of Rosa in Absalom,Absalom The An alysis of the Tragic Image of Rosa in Absalom,Absalom 1302014316Ack no wledgme ntsThanks for giving me this cha nee to achieve this paper and to make the con clusi on for my four years ' educati on. Through writ ing this paper,

2、I have gained more kno wledge. My sin cere tha nks are due to my supervisor, Mrs. Bai Li for help ing me to clarify my thought and sharpe n my thinking. Her correcti ons and suggesti ons make me get great progress in writing this thesis. I am also grateful for her en courageme nt.Here, I also want t

3、o give my tha nks to other teachers and my classmates have give n me much help in the past four years. Thank you very much!AbstractRosa, one of the impressive images are shaped in Absalom , Absalom! which is William Faulkner ' s long story. By analyzing the characters and miserable life of Miss

4、Rosa, this paper first dissects this female hero , who has possessed wake n self-c on scious ness ,has suffered many difficulties and struggles to stick to hun ti ng for self-ide ntity and self-rec on structio n, and the n explores this woma n how to pursue and lose all the social ide ntities step b

5、y step, and the reas on why she en ded her life in the way of self-destructi on.This essay reveals the real reas on of Rosa tragedy is her psychological trauma . This article explores Rosa' s tragic imagesfrom three aspects of family affecti on, I ove and imag in atio n marriage.Based on the the

6、ory analysis of trauma, this paper analyzes the cha nges of psychological and behaviors of Rosa ' s childhood, youth and old age. Rosa is not only one of the heroines of the no vel, but also the represe ntative of the nin etee nth cen tury female figures. Thean alysis of Rosa's character ima

7、ges helps to un dersta nd therelatio nship of people and people, people and their own innercon flicts in that time.Key Words: Rosa; tragic images; trauma; family affect ion; 1 ove;imagi nary marriage摘要福克納長篇小說押沙龍，押沙龍！中塑造了一群令人印象深刻的人物形象， 羅莎便是其中之一。本文通過分析羅莎小姐的人物形象以及其悲慘命運的回顧，剖析這位自我意識復(fù)蘇的女性在男權(quán)社會里努力尋求自我身份認(rèn)同、

8、重構(gòu)自我的艱難歷程中所遭受的磨難與掙扎，探索了她是如何一步步追尋和失去所有的 社會身份，最后以自我毀滅的形式結(jié)束一生的原因。從中也揭示了其心理的創(chuàng)傷是羅莎人生悲劇的真正原因。本文從親情、愛情和想象婚姻三個方面探討羅 莎的悲劇形象，基于創(chuàng)傷的的有關(guān)理論分析，分析羅莎童年，青年及暮年心理 及行為的變化。羅莎不僅是小說的女主人公之一，更是十九世紀(jì)女性人物的代 表，分析羅莎的人物形象有助于了解那個時代下人與人，人與自己內(nèi)心的種種 沖突。關(guān)鍵詞：羅莎；悲劇形象；創(chuàng)傷；親情；愛情；想象婚姻Con te ntsTOC o "1-3" h z u 1.1 Production 11.1 W

9、illiam Faulk ner 11.2 Absalom, Absalom! 21.3 Rosa and Absalom, Absalom! 32. The Differe nt Tragic Images of Rosa 42.1 A Loner in Family 42.1.1 The Lack of Family Affectio n 42.1.2 Childhood ' s Trauma 72.2 A Seeker in Love 92.2.1 Seeki ng for Love 92.2.2 Substitute in love 112.3 A Loser 132.3.1

10、Sutpen ' s Proposal 132.3.2 Rosa's Failure 153. Con clusi on 17 Bibliography 20The An alysis of the Tragic Image of Rosa in Absalom, Absalom! 1.ln troducti onWilliam Faulkner is a famous American writer, who was also the winner of the Nobel prize for literature in the year . Absalom, Absalom

11、! is his ninth novel which is also his most important, the most complex, the most profo und, the most epic style of a work. It is about a family of the southern United States from 1860 to 1910 about experie ncing intense falli ng apart and vividly shows all kinds of con flicts betwee n people and th

12、eir inn er, i nvolving many com mon problems related to the human condition. The novel narrative style is unique, the characters in the book from different angles, with differe nt subjective feeli ngs "expla in the past", but it reflects thetragic style of the whole work. Rosa Coldfield is

13、 a pivotal figure in the novel, its special features: four narrators only she and the heroSutpe n had directly con tacted and wit nessed the story. She is thesister-in-law of Sutpen, also is he didn' t perform engagement fiancee . Rosa has a close connection with the Sutpe n family, and invo Ive

14、din the Sutpen family history, so Rosa tells the nature of experienee.But she lost her mother in childhood, liv ing in a lack of care of thefamily, is full of great an ger with men, n ever married, was deprivedof the no rmal n eeds as a woma n. Rosa spe nt all her life pursu ing thevarious roles of

15、women in her time, but all failed. Therefore, hernarrative is not very true and reliable. The reason is closelyrelated to her childhood trauma. In this paper, based on Freud'stheory of pers on ality structure and the theory of trauma, the imageof Rosa in Absalom, Absalom!1.1 William Faulk nerWil

16、liam Faulk ner is one of the most in flue ntial America n no velists of the twen tieth Cen tury in the writi ng of stream of con scious ness. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1949, because he has made a powerful and artistic con tributi on to con temporary America n no vels. Readers n eed to

17、 feel its unique aesthetic taste with his style of literary works in differe nt poses and with differe nt expressi ons, whirli ng. Camus highly praises Faulk ner's works , once said: "For the young French people, Faulk ner is like a god." The creati on of Marquez, Mo Yan and others hav

18、e the shadow of Faulk ner.He wrote 19 novels and more than 120 short stories in his life. Mostof the stories have occurred in Yok napatawpha Coun ty, the story ofthe main thread is stressing several generations, some familiesbel ongs to the differe nt social strata of Jeffers on tow n and itssuburbs

19、 .1.2 Absalom, Absalom!Absalom, Absalom! The title of the book comes from the allusions ofBible, the story describes the love and hate between the father andhis sons, the ambiguous feelings between brothers and sisters, withthe story of the Bible color. The main character, Thomas Sutpen, apoor white

20、s, with various predatory methods built plantations inSutpe n' s Hun dred Jeffers on Town, and his wife Ala n gave birth to ason ,Henry, and a daughter, Judith. Before this, Sutpen had married ablack woma n and had a son, Charles. Judith and her half- brother fellin love; in order to preve nt th

21、e occurre nee of in cest, Henry killed Charles by his own hand. After some difficult years in the civil war, as the clue figure ,the Cold Field Rosa, young generation Quentin Comps on and his classmate Shrevlin ,in the form of a dialogue, gradually deduced the Sutpe n family s thriv ing to the dow n

22、fall ofthe how and whys.A book views Thomas Sutpe n as the cen ter, describes the fates of the three families in Jeffers on tow n, thus reflecti ng the withered ups and dow ns of Souther n whites life in the past hun dred years before and after the civil war. Compared to many writers' works in t

23、histime, and the works of Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom! deeply touched and discussed the painful issues of Souther n history and the guilt of innocent.1.3 Rosa and Absalom, Absalom!Absalom, Absalom! this work is not so much a no vel as a lege nd of Sutpen, rather than a review of Rosa tragic fate and

24、an indictment of the patriarchal society. Miss Rosa witnessed Stupen and his dragon' steeth reproducti on (Faulk ner, Class Conferen ces at the Un iversity of Virgi nia 34-35) family from prosperity to decli ne, she wit nessed the tragic history of the south. As one of the narrators, in her dict

25、ation, the past is often intertwined with the reality, there is the greatest in ten sity of trauma. In the no vel, Mr. Comps on on behalf of the souther n patriarchal society, in his eyes, Rosa is only a shadow figure without any identity, not essential as like ghost, disgusti ng. Souther n lady Mis

26、s Rosa is such a represe ntative female characters, she is weird, and her words and deeds tur n upside dow n, sometimes she is an old weak maid, sometimes like a strong man, is a multi- con tradict ion. As Brooks said, only Rosa will go to hell.(Leech GN. 135). Although Rosa is sen sitive, l on ely,

27、 hysterical, but with many of the tragic fates of the southern women in Faulkner's no vels, she is a victim of the patriarchal society and family en vir onment of the South ". It is the most tragic andsympathetic figure in the n ovel"(Halliday MAK. 103).In the no vel , Rosa's encou

28、n ter can be described as a model of female whose self-c on scious ness was suppressed and was ignored in society. Based on the theoretical analysis of trauma, this paper analyzes the cha nges in the psychological and behavior of Rosa's childhood, youthand twilight years, and explores Rosa's

29、 tragic images from the aspects of family affecti on, I ove and imagi nary marriage.2. The Differe nt Tragic Images of RosaRosa lives in the southern United States. As a southern woman, her fate is doomed with a strong tragic color. In her childhood, there is no family ' s care and warmth. She i

30、s a helpless loner. When young, Rosa madly seeks for love. She looks herself as a substitute and enjoys other ' s affection. She longs for marriage, but can' t standSutpen' s rudeness. At the end, she is a loser in her whole life.2.1 A Loner in FamilyRosa is always Ionely in her life. Sh

31、e never receives parental care, family care, n ever has the experie nee of her father's love, the warmth of the family. But she is eager to have these roles such as a daughter, wife, mother, and so on, to prove herself as a "human". She is sen sitive, l on ely, hysterical, all her life

32、 is look ing for some roles of wome n in those years, but end in failure. Rosa has anun happy family. since her birth, and the affect ion that Rosa had bee nlonging for but n ever had. Not only she does not get family love,warmth, compassi on and care in her childhood, and whe n she was alittle girl

33、, her family in still hatred for all the men, this hatredseriously hurt her heart.2.1.1 The Lack of Family AffectionRosa has an un happy childhood. She came just“ in time whe n-gran ted that Miss Rosa merely mirrored her pare nts' attitude towardthe son-i n-low - the family wan ted only peace an

34、d quiet, andprobably did not expect and maybe did not eve n want ano ther child”(Faulk ner 79).The middle-aged mother was preg nant aga in, the n died in childbirthbed, so Rosa came this world with the lack of her mother's care.Because of her birth caused the death of the mother, Rosa had a deep

35、sense of guilt and guilt. Her family also regarded her birth as theprice of her mother's life. Mother' s death left seriouspsychological trauma to Rosa, so that she could n ot forget for a longtime. She does n't know “ what love is, eve n the love of their pare nts". For the first 1

36、6 years, she lived with her father and aunt.In her Childhood , Rosa does not receive the warmth of the family.Compared with others, she does n ' t own happ in ess and playmates. Rosa s father is ecce ntric, he is a be sca nty of words, a devout Purita n, is most concerned about his own integrity

37、 and reputation, so he did not care about Rosa's life and never showed love to his little daughter. But Rosa was concerned about her father, her father locked himself in the attic, she looked after her father for three years, even if sometimes there are a little food, she still took a large port

38、i on to her father. Rosa is more like a maid rather tha n a daughter, but does not get a bit of love and thanks to father. It seemed to Rosa, her father n ever be willi ng or able to cha nge everyth ing, n ever be able to do somethi ng to protect her.Rosa' s aunt is“ that strong vin dictive con

39、siste nt woma n who seemsto have bee n twice the man that Mr. Cold Field was and who in very truth was not only Miss Rosa's mother, but her father too” (Faulkner85). For 35 years she is still un able to get married , aunt formed a comprehe nsive and eve n the exte nsion of the compla int that ac

40、cused“all the male supremacy in the world ” (Gwin M. 42).“And the auntwho even ten years later was still taking revenge for the Ellen's wedding by striking at the town, thehuman race”(Faulkner 80). Auntjust in fused her an ger of Jeffers on tow n and maleinto littleRosa,did not really un dersta

41、nd the ni ece. In the growth of Rosa, She secretly listened to the Sutpen' s conversationandtold aunt, justas aunts ' ear. Aunt disappeared,like inheritingaunt' s clothes,Rosa inherited her hatred of men. After aunt had the elopement with a mule dealer, young Rosa had to start managing t

42、he household, and began to take care of herself, Rosa reformed aunt' s big clothes intosome her own wear. She is not allowed to walk out of the house because his father is withdraw n and stubbor n, and she always spe nd most of her time at home.Rosa does not not keep in touch with her sister and

43、 has a good relationship with Ellen. Ellen' s life is meaningless. In addition tomock Rosa to ask her for help, nothing can do. Seve n years before Rosa' s birth, Elle n's life has bee n caught in a dilemma, only focus on herself, didn ' t need a sister. Ellen,“the adult who had esca

44、pedreality into a band region peopled by dolls” (Faulkner 95), was neverreally existed for Rosa, her aunt taught Rosa that sister is a woman who had disappeared in the family, so did in life. After refusing toaccept her aun t's view of her marriage, Ala n went into hidi ng in a pure fan tasy wor

45、ld. She created the illusi on of happ in ess , the Duchess always sends medici ne soup to the toilsome farmers in the ridge who is say ing all meanin gless nonsense that some hack neyed and stereotyped expressions are designed by herself ,talking fluently and en dlessly (Guo 108). But the illusi on

46、was soon dashed. Rosa and Ala n's on ly conn ecti on is to take care of her childre n whe n her sister is dying. After Ellen' s death, Rosa moved to her sister ' shouse, with her sister's wishes.The only quiet mome nt in her life is whe n she heard that Bon had bee n killed by Judith

47、's brother, Herry, hurried to thyme and comfort Judith, she arrived Sutpen Hundred. At the same time, Rosa felt a little warmer from her family. When she talked with Quentin, she said:“ now you will ask me why I wan ted to stay there, as if a 19-year- old girl wan ted to meet her family after th

48、e war” (Faulk ner 216).Then told Quen ti n that she left not because of n eed of food, refuge or for the compa ny of others, she expla ined that the reas on to stay is to wait for the Sutpe n to go home. It is her sec ond volun tary to submit to the n eeds of others, just as she is un der a guilty t

49、hat mother died in childbirth, as she is faithfully to listen to someth ing that evil-m ind aunt poured; just as she struggles to take care of the self-blockade retiring father; as soon as she heard the n ews that the state was killed, she immediately discharged her duty to comfort Judith. What she

50、wants is just the depe ndence of relatives, eve n without their care.2.1.2 Childhood ' s TraumaRosa lives in such a family, in which no one told her how to love others, how to get along with the people around, no one cares about her n eeds and desires, eve n her ideas and opinions are not heard.

51、 She is an ordi nary, weak girl, lives in other people's in differe nee and less attention .The lack of family affection makes Rosa only with the illusi on to experie nee what she should have. Freud believes that traumatic events in childhood have a significant impact on the future life of the i

52、n dividual, and childhood traumatic experie nces are highly correlated with various men tal disorders in adults (Freud 85). Rosa has repeatedly ack no wledged her childhood that“ aged andan cie nt and timeless abse nee of youth which con sisted of a Cassa ndra- like liste ning bey ond closed doors,

53、of lurk ing in dim halls filledwith that Presbyteria n effluvium of lugubrious and vin dictiveanticipation ” (Faulkner 81). In this family ,absence of love, she ismore attached to her aunt, aunt in stilled Rosa the hatred andprejudice on male aga in and aga in. Because lack ing the ability todist in

54、 guish right from wrong , Rosa accepted her thought gradually inthe heart, and she went on expa nding in her behavior in thefuturen her thought ,Rosa wants to end up her childhood, and ownedthe early maturity, which is premature in the performance of all men,especially his father brought anything in

55、to the house, all thingswere deeply disapproved of.In short, her mother and sister died, the father went into hid ing,aunt left home, in which makes Rosa lives in Ion eli ness, fear andclose, miss ing roles of daughter, sister and ni ece role, caus ingserious psychological trauma to Rosa, which also

56、 leads to Rosadistorted character. Because of the smaller age of her trauma, thegreater likelihood of future psychological trauma and the moreserious psychological trauma will be formed. Childhood is a criticalperiod , the formati on of the uncon scious period have not bee n shaped,child has not for

57、med eno ugh ability to in tegrate and can' t make thecorrect processing of traumatic events, but also can' t use Ianguageto articulate the traumatic experie nce, trauma process. So traumaticevents left in the client' s unconsciousness, which will have a greatin flue nce on the later life

58、 (Zhao 32).Miss Rosa in return for father's residence, no power, no one personor a committee succeed in persuading her to return to her niece' shouse. As is known to all, her pain is uni magi nable. The n eighborhoodalways put a baskets of food in front of her house at ni ght, shen ever wash

59、ed those baskets , and let the dirty vessels to retur n tothe empty baskets, where found let it retur n to be found somewhere.It seemed the basket had n ever existed before, at least to show thatshe had not touched the food of the alms. But in fact, it was clear that she had tasted, evaluated, chewed and digested those food. Her behavior hid the fact that she accepted the charity of ot