高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)題型重組專題練1閱讀理解生態(tài)環(huán)保類、完形記敘文

1、題型重組專題練一（ 閱讀理解：生態(tài)環(huán)保類；完形：記敘文）I .閱讀理解A（2016 -江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校第一次聯(lián)考）Based on new analysis, we are rapidlyapproaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some

2、could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter ， forcing animals to migrate（ 遷 徙 ） north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the

3、 changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100， manyof today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we red

4、uce the risks of these far-reachingconsequences for the wholeworld.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 w

5、ith a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point, it doesn't matter what i

6、s causing it, but rather, what can be done about it.What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and

7、 some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【答案速查】1 4 BACD【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了未來氣候的變化對(duì)人和動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境的影響。1 What is the major function of Paragraph 1?A To arouse the reader's concern.B To introdu

8、ce the theme of the whole passage.C To summarize the whole passage.D To state how climate changes.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Based on new analysis ， we are rapidlyapproaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. ”可知，最新研究數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界的氣候變化已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地影響了社會(huì)和環(huán)境。 而接下來的幾段

9、則是圍繞氣候變化對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境具體的影響而展開的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介紹文章的主題。故選B 項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽2 What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?A To show major changes are taking place on the planet.B To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.C To show the damage earthquakes caused.D To tell us more earthquakes

10、 will happen in the future.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signsof change. ”可知，列舉最近地球上所發(fā)生的地震是為了說明地球正在發(fā)生著重大變化。故選 A 項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緼3 Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes' effects?A Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.B It

11、 could lead to the spread of diseases.C Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.D Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within thenext eighty years ， current world climate zones could shift and some could complet

12、ely disappear. ”可知， 地理學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)在未來的八十年中，現(xiàn)在的世界氣候帶可能會(huì)改變，有的可能會(huì)完全消失，C項(xiàng)中說世界氣候帶可能會(huì)變化并會(huì)完全消失，與文中描述不符，故 C項(xiàng) 錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread ofdiseases. ”可知， B 項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly ，animal and plant speciesmay not be able to adapt fast enough and could disapp

13、ear. ”可知， A 項(xiàng)正確； 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequentand serious.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。故選 C項(xiàng)。【答案】C4 What can be inferred from the passage?A Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.8 There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.C The wor

14、ld is getting more unstable because of animal migration.D The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.【 解 析 】推 理 判 斷 題 。 根 據(jù) 最 后 一 段 第 一 句 “ However，other planets areexperiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection betwe

15、en this. ”可知，地球并不是唯一一個(gè)在經(jīng)歷氣候變化的星 球。故選D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿B（2016 大慶市質(zhì)量檢測二）According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel （專家咨詢組 ） on Climate Change, global temperatures have risen by approximately 0.6 inthe past century, caused mainly by emissions of greenhouse gases produced by human activities ， such as the burnin

16、g of fossil fuels and deforestation.Temperatures are to increase between 1.6 and 5.8 in the nextcentury, accompanied by sea level rise and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events.The best available evidence suggests that climate changes since the 1970s may already be causing over 150,

17、000 deaths annually, and that greenhouse gas emissions would increase disease burdens in the coming decades.The risks are concentrated in the poorest population, who have contributed least to the problem.The Kyoto Protocol （ 京都議定書） is signed by 128 nations ， and commits theparticipating industrializ

18、ed countries to cutting emissions of greenhouse gases by over 5% below 1990 level by the period of 2008-2012.“ Over 600 thousand people died in weather-related disasters in the 1990s.Temperature and rainfall influence the rates of diseases and infections including malaria ， and malnutrition ， which

19、together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year.The Kyoto Protocol is the first step towards protecting the climate system ， which exerts such a strong influence on our health ”， said Dr Kerstin Leitner ，Assistant Director-General for Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments.While acting to re

20、duce greenhouse gas emissions, it is also essential to protect vulnerable （ 脆弱的 ） communities from the effects of climate changes.WHO works to promote measures such as protection from malaria and other climate sensitive diseases, and reliable access to clean water and sanitation, for people in the m

21、ost vulnerable developing countries.Increasing disease control efforts willalsohelp to protect current and future generations from the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions.【答案速查】5 8 DBDA【語篇解讀】這是一篇關(guān)于氣候變化的文章。人類的某些行為導(dǎo)致的氣候變化會(huì)危害人類自身，我們要采取必要的措施來拯救我們自己。5 According to the passage, what is the reason for the

22、rise of global temperatures?A The burning of fossil fuels.8 The rise of sea level.C Extreme weather disasters.D The emissions of greenhouse gases.【 解 析 】 細(xì) 節(jié) 理 解 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 一 段 中 的 “ global temperatures have risenemissionsof greenhouse gases”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)是產(chǎn)生溫室氣體的行為之一，故可排除?！敬鸢浮緿9 Which of the following i

23、s true?A Weather-related disasters caused over 3.5 million deaths.8 The climate system has a deep impact on human health.C The members of the Kyoto Protocol are all industrialized countries.D The poorest population are to blame because they contribute least to the problem.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)與文章第四段中的“Over 6

24、00 thousand people died inweather -related disasters.with together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year”不符；C 項(xiàng)意為“京都議定書”成員國都是工業(yè)化的國家，與文章第三段的內(nèi)容不符；D 項(xiàng)與文章第二段的最后一句話不符。根據(jù)第四段中的“The Kyoto Protocol.on our health ”可知選B 項(xiàng)。【答案】B10 In order to protect communities, WHO takes some measures except.A preventing disea

25、ses caused by climate changes11 helping to provide clean water12 aiding to offer sanitation13 gaining access to vulnerable developing countries【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"such as protectionsanitation"和“Increasing disease control efforts ”可知 A、 B C三項(xiàng)正確。由"for people in the most vulnerable develo

26、ping countries ”可知， D 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤?！敬鸢浮緿8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Climate changes and the effects on human health.B. Climate changes cause over 15,000 deaths annually.C. Who promotes measures such as protection from malaria.D. The Kyoto Protocol helps to protect human health.【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文

27、章內(nèi)容可知，B、C、D項(xiàng)均是文中某一方面的內(nèi)容，比較片面，A項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意?！敬鸢浮緼n.完形填空（2016 青島市高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測）Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'sbusiness Semco in Brazil at the age of 21.Ricardo worked like a（an）_1_man_, from7: 30 am to midnight every day.One afternoon , while he was visiting a factory in New York, he _2_.The do

28、ctor told him if he _3_like that, he would find a newhomein hospital.Semler got the 4.He changed the way he 5.In fact , he changed the ways his _6 _worked, too.He let his workers take more _7_so_that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong.He 8 them to set their own salaries , 9 their

29、 own working hours and he cut all the jobs he thought were _10_ , like receptionists andsecretaries.He changed the office : 11 walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can't _12_ themselves away from everyone else.And the workers are _13_ to decorate their workspace as they want.It sounds per

30、fect, but does it 14 ? The answer is in the 15 : in the last six years , Semco's revenues（收入）have 16 from $35 million to $212 million.The company has gone from 800 employees to 3,000.Why?Semler says it's because of “peer pressure " which makes employees work 17the other workers willfor

31、everyone else.If someone isn't doing his job _18_ not allow the _19 to continue.In other words, Ricardo treats his workers like adults rather than children, and expects them to act like responsible _20_.And they do.【答案速查】1 5 CABDC 610 BADAA11 15 BCBDB 1620 ACCBD【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作為老板，只有讓團(tuán)隊(duì)中的每個(gè)人都能自覺

32、主動(dòng)地承擔(dān)責(zé)任，形成我為人人，人人為我的氛圍，才能提高團(tuán)隊(duì)的工作效率。這正是Semler之所以成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1 A.interestingB. independentC. madD. great【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“from 7 : 30 am to midnight every day ”可知，他拼命工作。故選C,意為“瘋狂的”。A項(xiàng)意為“令人感興趣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“獨(dú)立的”；D項(xiàng)意為“非常好的”，均不符合題意。【答案】C2 A.fell downB. gave upC. went outD. got off【解析】根據(jù)下句"The doctor told him”可知，他病倒了。故選

33、A,意為"倒下”。B項(xiàng)意為“放棄”；C項(xiàng)意為“熄滅，出去”； D項(xiàng)意為“下車，離開，出發(fā)”，均不符合 題意?！敬鸢浮緼3 A.changedB. continuedC. droppedD. went【解析】根據(jù)空格后的"like that , he would find a new home in hospital ”可知，醫(yī)生的意思為：如果他繼續(xù)這樣拼命下去，他會(huì)生病住院的。故選B,意為“繼續(xù)”。A項(xiàng)意為“改變”；C項(xiàng)意為“落下，投下，放棄”；D項(xiàng)意為“走，去”，均不符合題意?！敬鸢浮緽4 A.soundB. wayC. senseD. message【解析】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容

34、可知，Semler聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，不再那么拼命工作了。故選D, get the message 是常用短語，意為“領(lǐng)會(huì)，明白，受到啟發(fā)”?！敬鸢浮緿5 A.walkedB. talkedD. treatedC. worked【解析】根據(jù)上文和下句“In fact ， he changed the way his worked ，too. ”可知，Semler 改變了他自己的工作方式。故選C。【答案】C6 A.familyB workersC friendsD children【解析】根據(jù)下一段第一句中“He let his workers take more ”可知，他也改變了員工們的工作方

35、式。故選B?！敬鸢浮緽7 A.responsibilityB moneyC powerD expectation【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“so that they would be the ones worrying when things wentwrong”可知，此處應(yīng)指他讓員工們承擔(dān)起更多的責(zé)任，這樣如果事情出了差錯(cuò)，他們自己 會(huì)操心。故選A。【答案】AB forcedD allowed8 A.persuadedC forbade根據(jù)上一句中的“He let his workers take more ”可知，此處所填詞的意思相當(dāng)于上句中的“l(fā)et ”。故選D，意為“允許”。A 項(xiàng)意為“說服

36、”； B 項(xiàng)意為“強(qiáng)迫”；10C項(xiàng)意為“禁止”，均不符合題意。讓員工自己決定工作時(shí)間。所填詞與“9 A.decideC understand根據(jù)空格前的“themBDto set theirset ”意思一致。故選wanttryown salaries ”可推知， 此處應(yīng)指SemlerA。10 A.unnecessaryB unpopularC stupidD difficult【解析】根據(jù)本句中“he cut all the jobs he thought were ， likereceptionists and secretaries ”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，他取消的工作崗位應(yīng)該是不必要的。故選A,意為“不必'要的”。B項(xiàng)意為“不流行的，不受人歡迎的”； C項(xiàng)意為“愚蠢的， 笨的”；D項(xiàng)意為“困難的”，均不符合題意?！敬鸢浮緼11 A.ab