高中英語學(xué)習(xí)：非謂語動詞使用精華講義

1、非謂語動詞使用精華講義【知識鏈接】形式對比項目動詞不7E式(to do)動名詞(doing)現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)過去分詞(done)充當(dāng)句子成分主兵表7E狀補主兵表7E狀補表定狀補形式主動一般式to dodoingdone被動式to be donebeing done無主動完成式to have donehaving done無被動完成式to have been donehaving been done無否定在上述各種非謂語動詞形式之前直接加not【學(xué)習(xí)步驟】考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。【即境活用】 The children (play)the

2、violin over there will go on the stage next week.考點二、不定式和動名詞作主語，賓語和表語的比較1、表示具體的或某一次動作或?qū)淼膭幼饔脛釉~不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動作用動名詞。2、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：在其前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格。3、不定式及動名詞短語作主語時可轉(zhuǎn)換成 it作形式主語.常用句型It is + adj./ n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. 4、疑問詞+動詞不定式作賓語。 5、表心理狀態(tài)的ving分詞作表語時，表示 冷人的 如：exciting;過去分詞作表語時表示主觀 感到 “如：exc

3、ited等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系動詞后都可跟 done,表示被動或主語的狀態(tài)。 如remain seated等。【即境活用】(1)(杰克的突然失蹤 "disappear) made them worried.(2) It ' important.(對于我們來說學(xué)英語很重要)(3) It ' kind.(幫助我你真是太好了)(4) (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one' s skin.(5) I've worked

4、 with children before, so I know what(expect)in my new job.(6) Travelling is.(累但有趣) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains(see) whether they will enjoy it.3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的比較(1)作賓語的動名詞和不定式，完成式表示該動作在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生(2)介詞以及少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，如： admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy(3)動詞 a

5、dvise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作賓語，又跟 to do 作賓語。(4) need, require, want, deserve + doing 動名詞的主動形式表被動意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done(5)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語有差別，常用的有：一記二忘三遺憾，四試五圖六停止。remember, forget +to（全過程）/ +Ving（正在進行）（6） 表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望的動詞 , 即表示本打算、 想做， 但事實上沒做， 如： would like / love ， plan, intend, hope, wis

6、h, expect 等 ；用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 來表示。 would like / love 只用 would like to have done【即境活用】（1） I regretted（ 沒有采取 ） her advice.（2） Don't you remember（see the man）before?You must remember（leave） tomorrow.（3） I would love（go）to the party last night but I had to work extra h

7、ours to finish the report.（4） I object to （make fun of ）.考點三、不定式和分詞作定語的比較1 .不定式作定語表將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，進行，過去分詞表被動完成.2 .不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是動賓關(guān)系 .3 .名詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級用不定式作定語。4 .不定式作定語修飾一些表示方向、原因、 時間、 機會等詞。 （ having been done 不可作定語）【即境活用】（ 1 ） The problem _ （ discuss） at tomorrow s meeting is how to d

8、ael with the meeting.（ 2 ） He had no pen .（write）（ 3 ） He only had a small room.（live）（4） 4） The plan （make）is of vital importance.（5） He is the first one （ help） me with computer.（6） The building （construct） now will be used as a library.（7） Those （ 已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)）（ finish ） can go home now考點四、非謂語動詞作主語補語和賓

9、語補語的考查1 .在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed等后常用動詞不定式作主語補語。2 . 常跟帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補語的動詞有ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish 等3 .感官動詞帶賓補：一感，二聽，三讓，四看+賓語+ do sth.（主動，全過程或經(jīng)常性動作）doing（主動，正在進行）/ done（與賓語是被動關(guān)系）若在被動語態(tài)中，則 to要還原.4 .其它動詞接賓語+賓補規(guī)則：（1） keep/leave+賓語+ doing（主動，且持續(xù)進行）/done（被動）（2） catc

10、h +賓語+ doing表示 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，賓語與doing為主動，且正在進行，（3）方nd +賓語+ doing（主動，正在進行）/done（被動、狀態(tài)或完成）（ 4 ） want/order/ask/wish/like 賓語 （to be）done （賓語與done 之間為被動關(guān)系 ）【即境活用】（ 1 ） The children were last seen （play） by the river.（ 2 ） They went home, leaving much work （unfinish） （ 3 ） I found the little boy （lie） under

11、 the tree when I passed by.（ 4 ） The teacher wanted the paper （finish ）in an hour.考點五、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析(1) 動詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別動詞不定式表結(jié)果狀語、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的結(jié)果，其前常有only, 也可用于一些固定句型，如：too to，enough to等；現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果狀語，幾乎和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，表示的是一種必然的結(jié)果。(2) 只用動詞不定式作狀語的幾種情況在作表語的形容詞后或作賓補的形容詞 :happy, sorry, glad, sad 后作原因狀

12、語；在句首、句中作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式， 也可和 in order, so as 連用， 但 so as to do 一般不放到句首。(3) 不用動詞不定式作狀語的幾種情況表示時間、伴隨、讓步、方式、原因狀語時，只能用分詞而不用動詞不定式作狀語。(4) 連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞作狀語的考查有時候為了使分詞表達的含義更為準(zhǔn)確，常在分詞前加上一個相關(guān)的連詞，如 when, while,unless, if, though 等等。(5) 形容化的分詞(短語)作狀語英語中有些形容詞化的過去分詞(短語)，常省略be 動詞，在句中作狀語。常見的有：be lost in, be faced with

13、, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of 等等。(6) being done 一般不作狀語； having done 先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作(主動關(guān)系 )having been done 先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作(被動關(guān)系 )【即境活用】(7) 1 ) (get) tired of Tom s-taalllk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.(8) (not receive )an answer, he decided to write another le

14、tter to them.(9) When(offer) help, one often says“ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you.(10) (face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(11) (seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(12) When (compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences(13) H

15、e worked deep into the night, ( prepare )a speech for the president.(14) I got up very early this morning( prepare )breakfast for my family.考點六：非謂語動詞特殊形式的考查1、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的考查動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞所有格、名詞普通格、形容詞性物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格 +動名詞構(gòu)成， 在句中可以作主語、 賓語。 作主語時只能用名詞所有格或形容性物主代詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)?！炯淳郴钣谩?1) It is difficult to imagine his the d

16、ecision without any consideration.(2) (the president attend) the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement.( 3 ) I really can't understand ( you treat ) her like that.2. 非謂語動詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的考查非謂語動詞作狀語， 一般情況下要和句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系， 但有時候非謂語動詞也可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，可以與句子主語不一致； with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“with賓語補語”組成，其中，賓語和賓補之間

17、必須有邏輯一致關(guān)系。3. 非謂語動詞作評注性狀語的考查有些非謂語形式成為固定用語，用來表示說話人對說話內(nèi)容所特的態(tài)度。1)現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)judging from / by ，generally speaking, strictly speaking2)不定式的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with3)動詞原形： Believe it or not ( 信不信由你 )4)作連詞的分詞 considering (考慮到，就 而言)，providing / provided假如, supposi

18、ng 假如 ; 這些詞用來表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句?！炯淳郴钣谩? 1 ) With the children (follow) him, he had to go back to the park.(2) With the work(finish), he could go home.( 3 ) With so many books (read), I could not go out.(4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book (hand)(5) The students stood in line with the nation

19、al flag (raise).非謂語動詞使用精華講義參考答案考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。【即境活用】 The children (play) _ playingthe violin over there will go on the stage nextweek.考點二、不定式和動名詞作主語, 賓語和表語的比較【即境活用】(1)_Jacks sudden disappearing (杰克的突然失蹤)(disappear) madethem worried.(2) It s important _ to learn English. . (對于我

20、們來說學(xué)英語很重要)(3) It s kind _of you to help me . (幫助我你真是太好了)(4) 4) _Being exposed_ (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin.(5) I've worked with children before, so I know what_ is expecting(expect)in my newjob.(6) Travelling is_ _tired but fun. (累但有趣)(7) Having a trip abroad

21、 is good for the old couple, but it remains_ _to be seen(see)whetherthey will enjoy it.3. 不定式和動名詞作賓語的比較(2) I regretted_not having followed(沒有采取 ) her advice.(3) Don't you remember_ seeing the man(see the man)before?You must remember_to leave(leave) tomorrow.(4) I would love_ to go _(go)to the pa

22、rty last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.(5) I object to being made fun of (make fun of ).考點三、不定式和分詞作定語的比較 【即境活用】( 1 ) The problem _to be discussed_ (discuss) at tomorrow s meeting is how to deal with the meeting.( 2) He had no pen _to write with .(write)( 3) He only had a s

23、mall room to live in.(live)( 4 ) The plan _made(make)is of vital importance.(6) He is the first one _to help( help) me with computer.(7) The building _ being constucted(construct) now will be used as a library.(8) Those _finishing homework( 已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)) (finish ) can go home now考點四、非謂語動詞作主語補語和賓語補語的考查【即境活

24、用】1 ) The children were last seen _playing (play) by the river.2 ) They went home, leaving much work unfinished (unfinish) 3 ) I found the little boy _ lying(lie) under the tree when I passed by.4 ) The teacher wanted the paper _to be finished(finish )in an hour.考點五、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析【即境活用】( 1 ) _Having

25、 got _ (get) tired of Tom s al-ltalk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.(2) _Not having received(not receive )an answer, he decided to write anotherletter to them.(3) When_ offered(offer) help, one often says“ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you.(4)_ Faced(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(5) Seated(seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(6) When _comparing(compare)different cultures, we of