ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案

1、Tapescript Listen This Way (Book 2)Unit 9 About YourselfPart I Getting readyA. Words & phrasesB. Guess the meaning of these phrases. (numbers and body words) Key:1. A: Do you know how many teeth youve got?B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. 24? More? (A: Yes.) 32?A: Yes.2. A: Do you know how many bones the

2、re are in your body?B: How many bones? Ill take a guess. 153.A: 206.3. A: How often does your heart beat?B: 98 times a minute.A: No, 70 times a minute.4. Bob: Do you know how what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you?(Meaning: not inter

3、fere in)5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again. Steven: Oh no.Marry: You really have put your foot in it, havent you?(Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying something tactless)6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, please?Dave: What?Kate: I said can you give m

4、e a hand.Dave: All right, Im coming. No need to shout. (Meaning: ask for help)7. Max: Are there any jobs in you company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?Frank: No, I havent heard of any at all recently. Max: Well, could you keep your ears open, just in case? (Meani

5、ng: listen with care)8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?Carol: No. Maggie Brown. Shes in love again.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?Carol: With her boss. Head over heels in love with him, she is.(Meaning: completely)9. Nick: Have you ever lent money to

6、Mick?Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldnt lend any if I were you.Nick: Why not? Doesnt he pay it back?Jill: No. Never. Hes up to his neck in debts.(Meaning: deeply involved in)10. Liz: Shes a good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complaining. Nothings too much trouble for her.Pat: I know, yeah. Not man

7、y like her about. Shes all heart, really. All heart.(Meaning: with the deepest devotion)Part II The digestive system and diarrheaA. Match column A with column B. Column A Column B1. gut symptoms 4 absorbing digested food into blood stream 3 contaminated food 2. the digestive system 5 drinking enough

8、 2 a long tube coiling up in the abdomen 3. causes of diarrhea 4 carrying away waste products 1 constipation 4. jobs of the digestive system 3 infection by viruses or parasites 4 breaking down food 5. treatment for diarrhea 4 adding enzymes 1 diarrhea Tapescript:Our body is made up of thousands of d

9、ifferent parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move around. The parts of the human body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish o

10、r clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so important to keep every part of the human machine healthy and properly cared for. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodie

11、s burn food like fuel to produce the energy we need. The human digestive system is a bit like a very long tube, but its a lot more complex. Its several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several important jobs to do. First, it must digest or break down our food

12、. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is squeezed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the intestine. As the food travels through the gut, natural chemicals called enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digested food and wat

13、er must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the body. Finally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces. Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can go wrong. Probably the most common gut symptoms

14、are diarrhea and constipation. With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly through the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels more frequently. There are lots of causes of diarrhea. Probably the commonest causes of diarrhea are contaminated food

15、 or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites.Many cases of diarrhea clear up within a few days without any special medicines. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this risk of dehydration

16、, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are drinking enough. Avoiding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.B. Complete the statements. Causes of diarrhea There are infections, and this is food poisoning, which is caused by sort of bacteria or organism.Some foods themselve

17、s might irritate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea. Some people when they get very nervous ad stressed about something tend to get diarrhea. People who suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome tend to get tummy pains and diarrhea. Treatment of diarrheaMost attacks of diarrhea are not serious and

18、 they clear up by themselves within one or two days.The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid.It is better not to eat too much and not to worry about that. Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of salt and sugar.You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially

19、 mixed. You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt. Tapescript:There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food poisoning, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or organisms,

20、which infect you. Some foods can just irritate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. Its just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea. Something called the i

21、rritable bowel syndrome where something goes wrong with the way the gut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes. Most attacks of diarrhea, um, particularly in adults, are not serious and they c

22、lear up by themselves within one or two days. The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, youre obviously losing a lot of fluid. And so its better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, but to make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, t

23、his should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt, then its obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.Part III Immunity A. Study the definiti

24、ons of the words and phrases carefully.B. Answer the questions. Questions1. Since we have the immune system, why do we still need vaccination?Because there are some things which we are not naturally immune to.We need vaccination because A: There are some things which we are not naturally immune to a

25、nd thats where vaccination comes in, isnt?B: Exactly2. How does a vaccination work?A version of an illness is given to the body and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. The next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly.B: Vaccination plays on the bodys ab

26、ility to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops

27、of its immune system can come into play.3. Can we produce vaccines from any disease? Give an example.No. We cant produce a vaccine for AIDS for instance.A: Were able to assist the body in its tight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to produce a vaccine

28、 for. AIDS is one of them. Why not?4. Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?Because the HIV, which causes AIDS, attack the human immune system. And the virus itself can change very easily. Its difficult to find a vaccine, which can recognize all type of HIV.B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by

29、 the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses arent there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that virus, HIV, can change so easily. Thats very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize a

30、ll the different types of HIV. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.Tapescript:The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we dont suffer from constant illness is our bodi

31、es have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. A: How does immunity work? B: Well, the immune system is the bodys own secret army, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules

32、. Now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. Thats where it does most of its fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, and that comes from the bone marrow. Thats where the immune cells are made. A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules in the immun

33、e system. I guessed the ones that were probably more familiar with are white blood cells. B: Thats right. White blood cells form a major part of the bodys defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins. They just lash onto the invaders. The white cells can sometimes actually gob

34、ble up invaders. The clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly. A: There are some things which were not naturally immune to and thats where vaccination c

35、omes in, isnt it? B: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the bodys ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time

36、 it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its immune system can come into play. A: Now sometimes the immune system doesnt work very well, does it? B: No. Its a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to atta

37、ck our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation. A: Are there any important illnesses which result from the immune system so that its turning on our bodies themselves? B: There are. One example would be a disease like multiple-scleros

38、is, where the bodys own immune system attacks the lining of nerves, which means that peoples nerves dont work properly. A: Were able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. AIDS is one of t

39、hem. Why not? B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses arent there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so e

40、asily. Thats very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type. B. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place. C.

41、 A more authentic version (completing the diagram) Key:troopssoldiers headquarters reservebackup cellsmolecules blood bone marrowWorking wellNot working wellGobbling up invade Immune system Overactive attack body selfHaving a memory Underactive of invaders more likely to be infected1. the virus that

42、 causes AIDS2. remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly3. fighting invading disease4. destroying the bodys immune system5. protecting the body against specific infections6. putting the body at greater risk from other common infections the immune system 2 3 va

43、ccination 5 HIV 1 4 6 Tapescript:Presenter: The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we dont suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. And

44、 here with me to discuss how it works is Grime Easton. He is a family doctor, and a member of the Science In It here in the BBC World Service. Grime, how does immunity work? Grime: Well, the immune system is the bodys own secret army, if you like, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole r

45、ange of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. Thats where it does most of the fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, some backup, and that comes from the bone marrow. Thats where the immune cells factories are. Presenter

46、: So there are many different kinds of cells, and different kinds of molecules tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that were probably more familiar with are white blood cells. Grime: Thats right. White blood cells form a major part of the bodys defense. But there are also antibodies in

47、their life, more proteins, which just lash onto the invaders. Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees t

48、he invader it can attack very quickly. The immune system in the human body fights invading disease. Immunity occurs because the immune system can remember the chemical makeup of invading germs and attack them very quickly. Presenter: There are some things which were not naturally immune to and thats

49、 where vaccination comes in, isnt it? Grime: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the bodys ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infe

50、ction. And the next time it sees it, um, the body can respond very quickly. And all the troops of its immune system can come into play. Vaccination can be used to protect the body against specific infections. Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system doesnt work very well, does it? Grime: No. Its a

51、 remarkably complex system. Its a very complicated system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation. Presenter: Are there any important il

52、lnesses which result from the immune system so that its turning on our bodies themselves? Grime: There are. And one example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the bodys own immune system, we think, attacks the lining of nerves, which means that peoples nerves dont work properly. Prese

53、nter: Were able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why not? Grime: Well, the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, is that HIV itself attacks the

54、human immune system, which means that our normal defenses arent there to fight off that infection, or indeed many other sorts of infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. Um, thats very difficult to find a v

55、accine which can recognize all the different types of HIV, which there are. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the bodys immune system, and puts the body at greater risk from

56、 other common infections. Presenter: I was talking to Dr. Grime Easton of the Science In It about immunity. The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to remain as healthy as we are.Part IV More about the topic: The Circulatory SystemSupply the missing words. Para. 1: parts, waste, body, needed, heart, defense, cells, invaders Para. 2: two, lungs, blood, b