現(xiàn)在完成時講解

1、選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +have/has+過去分詞（done） 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）二、用法，也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）持續(xù)性動詞。常與for1）現(xiàn)在完成時的”完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.He has turned o

2、ff the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-I have spent all of my money.（含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .）Jane has laid the table.（含義是：現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.）2）現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法”指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動詞要用（+時間段），since （+時間點）連用.Mary has bee n ill for three days.Mary has bee n ill since three days ago.注意:1.現(xiàn)在完成時 不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用，（

3、如表示過去的時間狀語）女口 yesterday（m orning、after noon） ,last（m orning、after noon）等， 除非與 for, since 連用.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用，如 already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑問）,just, before, recently, still, latel y 等:He has already obta ined a scholarship.I have n't see n much of him recen tly （lately）.We have see n that film

4、 before.Have they found the miss ing child yet ?3. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如 ever, never, twice, several times 等:Have you ever bee n to Beiji ngI have n ever heard Bunny say anything aga inst her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gen tlema n several times.4. 現(xiàn)在完

5、成時還往往 可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present（now）, so far等:Peter has writte n six papers so far.Up to the prese nt everyth ing has bee n successful.5. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和 have gone to 的區(qū)另S

6、have been to強(qiáng)調(diào)去過”現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去到美國”現(xiàn)在已不在美國”have gone to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 去了”現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：-Where's your mother?-你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去醫(yī)院了。has bee n in一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時考點例析現(xiàn)在完成時是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時態(tài)。涉及的考點有：一、考查其構(gòu)成"助動詞have （has） +動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. Kate

7、9;s n ever see n Chin ese films, ? A. has n't she B. has she C. is n't she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的縮寫，故選 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.（改為否定句 ）His uncleposted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填has n't, yet。3. -An

8、n has gone to Shan ghai. -Soher pare nts. A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復(fù)數(shù)，故選D。二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞（一）當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -youyour homework yet?A. Do; fin ishB.

9、Are; fin ishi ngC. Did; fin ish D. Have; fini shed2. -youany where before? -Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故1題選D, 2題選D。（二）當(dāng)句中有"for +段時間”或"sinee +點時間”等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，

10、謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞（短語）。如：1. His brother has bee n to Stone Forest twicehe came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選Co選校網(wǎng) 專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has boug

11、ht D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時間”的短語連用，故選 D。3. Ia letter from him si nee he left.A. did n't receive B. have n't got C. did n't have D. have n't heard析：據(jù) si nee 可知，應(yīng)排除 A、C， "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意為"收到某人的來信”，故選 B。三、考查 have/has be

12、en (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. bee n in D. bee n to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項意為”去某地了 ”，C項意為"一直呆在某地”，D項意為"去過某地"，符合題意，故選D。2. My pare ntsShan gdo ng for ten years.A. have bee n in B. have bee n to

13、 C. have gone to D. have bee n析：本題句中有"for+段時間”結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項意為"去過某地”，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選 A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時與其他時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.改成正確的句子 )析：非延續(xù)性動詞與”段時間”連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型"It's + 段時間 +since+ 從句"進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Sun's aunt has been th

14、ere for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there tenyears ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句 )more tha n ten yearsSusa nto this city.析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I won't go to the con cert beca

15、use Imy ticket.A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的含意，故 選Co英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動詞：表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。

16、二、瞬間性動詞：表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, le nd, happe n, jo in, I ose, ren ew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：(1)用意思相

17、當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.(他參軍已有 3 年了。)不用 has joined選校網(wǎng) 專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got upHas your brother bee n away from home for a long time?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用 has left常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、go

18、 be away2、come be here3、come back be back4、leavebe away(be not here)5、buyhave6、borrow keep7、diebe dead8、beginbe on9、finish be over10、openbe open11、closebe closed12、losebe lost13、get to know know14、turn on be on 15、get upbe up16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in ()或 be a member 18、become be(2)用it is

19、since結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動詞例如：電影已經(jīng)開映 5分鐘了。(兩種方法)(1) The film has been on for five minutes.(2) It ' s five minutes sCe the film began.他離開上海已有3天了。(兩種方法)(1) He has been away from Shanghai for three days.(2) It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。(一種方法)It ' s two weeks since I returned the bo

20、ok to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？(一種方法)How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I haven ' t seen you for a long time.好久沒見到你了。)現(xiàn)在完成時專項練習(xí)、單項選擇。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe theywhat ' happened to him .A.knewB . have knownC . must knowD. will know2、He hasbeen to Sh

21、anghai, hashe?A.alreadyB . neverC . everD . still3、Have you met Mr.Li?A.justB . agoC .beforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writerone new bookin the past two year .A.iswriti ngB .was writingC .wroteD .has written5、Our countrya lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be evenA.haschanged ;wellB .changed; goodC .ha

22、schanged ;betterD .cha nged; better6、ZhaoLanalreadyin this schoolfor two years選校網(wǎng) 專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫選校網(wǎng) 專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線上萬張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫A.was; study ingB . will; studyC .has; studiedD . are; studying7、WeXiaoLi since she was alittlegirl .A.knowB

23、 . had knownC . have knownD. knew8Harry Potter is ai very nice film. Iit twice .A.will seeB . have seenC. sawD .see9、These farmershave been to the UnitedStates .Really? Whenthere?A.will they goBdid they goC .do they goDhave they gone10、youyour homework yet ?Yes. Iit a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB

24、Have; done; finishedC .Have; done; have finishedDwill; do; finish11、His fatherthe Party since1978 .A.join edB . has joinedC . was inD. has been in12、Do you knowhim well ?Sure .Wefriends sincetenyears ago .A.wereB . have beenC. have becomeD . have made13、How long have youhere ?About two mon ths.A.bee

25、 nB . goneC . comeD . arrived14、Hurry up! Theplayfortenmi nu tes.A.has begunB .had begunC .has been onD .bega n15、Ittenyears since he left the army .A.isB . hasC . willD . was16、Miss Green isn't in the office. sheto the library.A.has goneB . wentC .will goD. has been17、My parentsShandong for ten

26、 years.A.have been inB.have been toC .have gone toD.have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so theyB. don' theyC. have theyD. haven ' theyhas Mr White been a member of Greenerto China?19、he.A. How soon, comesC. How long, came20、His uncle B.D.HowHowChina since often, got far, arrivedA. has come herefor more than 9