2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的11個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)

1、2021-2021年高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的11個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的根本區(qū)別從時(shí)間關(guān)系上看,不定式表未來(lái),現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表完成,同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成；從主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)來(lái)看,不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng),同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也表被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)式在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表未來(lái),現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表進(jìn)行.如：1. Isendyou100dollarstoday,therestinayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed分析：答案選

2、Co動(dòng)詞不定式表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作.2.fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated分析：答案選Co由于Australia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ).二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式結(jié)合句子意思,考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相

3、應(yīng)邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,假設(shè)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用主動(dòng)式；假設(shè)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)式.此時(shí)要特別注意,過(guò)去分詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)式,由于它本身可以表示被動(dòng).如：1. Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywell.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending分析：答案選Bo因money與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞.2. Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid分析：答案選Bo因allexpe

4、nses與pay是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞.注意句中的an不是修飾expenses,而是修飾vacationo3. Whenhelp,oneoftensays,“Thankyou."Or"It'skindofyou.A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered分析：答案選Do因一個(gè)人說(shuō)謝謝,應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助,所以要用過(guò)去分詞,Whenofferedhelp=Whenheisofferedhelp三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作.做題時(shí)要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的

5、語(yǔ)境來(lái)推斷這種先后關(guān)系.如：1. Thestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused分析：答案選Do因Thestorm與cause是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)A;不定式作狀語(yǔ),前面通常不用逗號(hào),排除B和C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個(gè)地區(qū)造成損失是在結(jié)束之前,所以用完成式.2. MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havi

6、ngtakenD.havingbeentaken分析：答案選A.因people與takeadvantageof是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)B和D；take不會(huì)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)aresigningup之前,不用完成式,排除C.四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)在通常情況下,表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞.如：1. “Youcan'tcatchme!Janetshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran分析：答案選Bo現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ).2. Heglancedoverather,thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

7、A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted分析：答案選Ao由于he與note是主謂關(guān)系,且note與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞glanced的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語(yǔ).3. Daddydidn'tmindwhatweweredoingloagasweweretogether,fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having分析：答案選Do用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況.說(shuō)明：有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表伴隨注意過(guò)去分詞同時(shí)還表被動(dòng)關(guān)系,但高考很少考查此用法.如：Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了進(jìn)來(lái),后面跟著他的妻子.五、考查非謂語(yǔ)

8、動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語(yǔ)在通常情況下,用作目的狀語(yǔ)只能是不定式.如：1. “Cantheprojectbanishedasplanned?""Sure,itpletedintime,we'llworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get分析：答案選Bo作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式.2.moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout分析：答案選Ao作目的狀語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞不定式.3.

9、Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjustalookatthesportsstars.(xx上海卷)A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have分析：答案選Co看看體育明星是在體育館外等三個(gè)小時(shí)的目的,作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式.六、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1 .用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果.如：Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他開槍了,打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,arecordU

10、S$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching分析：答案選Bo伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).2 .用不定式表結(jié)果.如：Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他.Hehurriedtothestationonlythatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound分析：答案選A.由于onlytodo是習(xí)語(yǔ),意為結(jié)果卻,不料",hurrie

11、d和find是先后發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作.七、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原那么上,所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來(lái),現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表完成和被動(dòng).如：1. Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon分析：答案選Ao作with的賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,排除選項(xiàng)B和C;與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),排除表示將來(lái)的不定式選項(xiàng)D.2. Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditoft

12、enenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained分析：答案選D.賓語(yǔ)it與explain是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),havesthdone意為情人做某事工八、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題根據(jù)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子一致,否那么就應(yīng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu).如：Whilewatchingtelevision,.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings分析：答案選Co由于watching的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是we,排除選

13、項(xiàng)A和B;又因在hear后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的是省略了to的不定式,所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的.九、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題原那么上說(shuō),動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ),只能是不定式或動(dòng)名詞,不能是分詞形式.這類考題命題還往往用動(dòng)詞原形作為干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行考查,同學(xué)們做題需引起注意.如：It'necessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having分析：答案選Do動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ).十、考查"(be+)過(guò)去分詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)有類"be過(guò)

14、去分詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu),如beinterestedin,beworriedabout,belostin,bedressedin等,也往往是命題的熱點(diǎn).如：1. inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing分析：答案選B.因表示迷路于是loseoneselfin,題中沒有oneself,所以thetwostudents與lose是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ).2. inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeaco

15、okthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed分析：答案選A.由dress的賓語(yǔ)一定是人或oneself可知,dress與he是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即he與dress是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),Dressedin=Asheisdressedin十一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的綜合考查有時(shí)會(huì)將多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查,如在考查被動(dòng)式的同時(shí)兼考完成式,在考查不splanisunfair定式的同時(shí)兼考分詞,等等.如：1. Idon'twantlikeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagerA.toso

16、undB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded分析：答案選A.表示想要做某事wan后只能接todo,排除選項(xiàng)C;soundlike中sound是系動(dòng)詞,屬不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除選項(xiàng)B;sound發(fā)生在want后,故不用完成式,排除選項(xiàng)Do2. “IsBobstillperforming?'dnot.Heisnsafdaithestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft分析：答案選A.因he與leave是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,不用被動(dòng)式

17、,排除選項(xiàng)C和D;由already可知,要用完成式.2021-2021年高中英語(yǔ)人教大綱第三冊(cè)：UnitlThatmustbearecord備課資料i.異域風(fēng)情1 .TheLongestFenceintheWorldTheAustraliangovernmenthasbuiltthelongestfenceintheworld.Itis9500kilometreslong,andtwohundredmenlookafterit.Theydrivealongitandrepairiteveryday.Sandblowsagainstitandburiesit.Sandblowsawayfromi

18、tandleavesholesunderit.Rabbitsmakeholesthroughit.Theseholesaredangerous.Themanhastorepairthemimmediately.Iftheydonot,thedingoeswillgetin.Dingoesarewilddogs.TheyarethefiercestkillersinAustralia.Wildanimalsusuallykillforfoodbutdingoeswillforpleasure.Onedingocaneasilykill100sheepinanight,oraflockofshee

19、pinafewdays.Dingoeskilled600000sheepinQueenslandinelevenyears.Thosesheepwereworth£2000000.Thefarmerswereangry,buttheycouldnotstopthedingoes.Thisproblemwastoobigforthefarmerstosolve.Sothegovernmentagreedtobuildthefence.Why?BecauseAustraliadependsonhersheep.Sheexports45percentofallthewoolinthewor

20、ld.Shemustwinthefightagainstthedingoes.2 .TheWorld'sLargestLibraryYoumightthinkthelargestlibraryintheworldwouldbeinEurope.Butitisn't.It'sinWashingtonD.C.It'scalledtheLibraryofCongress.PresidentJohnAdamsstartedthelibraryin1800formembersofCongress.Hewantedthemtobeabletoreadbooksaboutla

21、w.Thefirst740bookswereboughtinEngland.TheyweresimplysetupintheroomwhereCongressmet.ThenThomasJeffersonsoldCongressmanyofhisownbooks.HefeltCongressshouldhavebooksonallsubjects,notjustonlaw.Thisideachangedthelibraryforgood.Thelibrarygrewandgrew.Nowitcoversacresofland.Itcontains20millionbooksaswellassc

22、oresofpictures,movies,globesandmachines.Expertsineveryfieldworkthere.Hundredsofpeoplecalleverydaywithallkindsofquestions.Manyofthemgetanswersrightoverthephone.Thelibraryisahughstorehouse.ThomasEdison'sfirstmovieandHoudini'smagicbooksresidethere.Anditistheproudowneroftheworld'sbestcollect

23、ionoficbooks.n.知識(shí)歸納1 .名詞化形容詞、名詞化分詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致.定冠詞the與形容詞或分詞連用時(shí)起名詞的作用,它們既可以表示一類人,也可以表示一類物.它們?cè)诰渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致問(wèn)題應(yīng)注意,現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：(1)the+形容詞或分詞作主語(yǔ),指一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Thewoundedarewelltakencareofinthehospital.傷員在醫(yī)院得到了很好的照顧.Thelivingaremoreimportanttousthanthedead.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),活著的人比死者更重要.(2)the+形容詞作主語(yǔ),表示抽象概念,指一類物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要

24、用單數(shù)形式.Thelatestisthatheiselectedmanager.最新的消息是他被選為經(jīng)理.Theunknownissuretohappen.預(yù)料不到的事一定會(huì)發(fā)生.(3)兩個(gè)the+形容詞或分詞由and連接,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Thewoundedandthedyingweretakentohospital.受傷的人和生命垂危的人被送往醫(yī)院.(4)有些表示民族的形容詞,如Chinese,Irish,French及British等與the連用,既可指整個(gè)民族,也可專指某國(guó)的局部人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.特指某一個(gè)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.TheChinesearei

25、ndustriousandbrave.中國(guó)人民勤勞勇敢.TheBritishdrinkagreatdealoftea.英國(guó)人喝茶.TheChineseisawriter.這位中國(guó)人是作家.此句中Chinese是名詞,特指某一個(gè)中國(guó)人.(5)定冠詞the與above,below,former,latterfirst,last等形容詞連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式,要看上下文而定.Theaboveisthemostimportantsentence.上面的句子很重要.Theabovearethemostimportantfacts.上述事實(shí)很重要.2 .讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的歸納在中學(xué)階段,我們學(xué)過(guò)

26、的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示盡管雖然,即使的詞語(yǔ)通常有although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof等.在這些詞語(yǔ)中除了后兩個(gè)是介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)外,其余都是附屬連詞.現(xiàn)將這些詞語(yǔ)的主要用法歸納如下.1附屬連詞although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif的用法.在正常語(yǔ)序中的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,通常用although,though,while,eventhough引導(dǎo)從句.該從句可以位于主句前,也可位于主句后.although較正式些,though較口語(yǔ)化,while可與though互換,但whi

27、le不太常用,eventhough含有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味.Although/Though/While/Eventhoughtheworkishard,Ienjoyit.盡管這項(xiàng)工作艱難,但我卻喜歡它.Lucycouldnotgetoutofthetroublealthough/though/while/eventhoughshetriedherbest.雖然露茜盡了盡大努力,但還是未能擺脫困境.注意：在上述兩句中的though,although,while或eventhough都不能用as代替,而且eventhough中的though不能用although代替.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)或一

28、般的行為時(shí),常用eventhough/if,而一般不用though,although,while或as.Iwon'tattendthepartyeventhough/ifIaminvited.即使邀請(qǐng)我,我也不會(huì)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì).但如果though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可以用eventhough/if跟一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替,表示習(xí)慣性的行為.Evenif/thoughyoudon'tlikebeerThoughyoumaynotlikebeer,tryaglassofthis.盡管你不喜歡啤酒,也要喝下這一杯.當(dāng)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),常用eve

29、nthough或evenif,而不用其他四個(gè)連詞.Heisn'tstupid.Eventhough/ifhewereslowinstudy,heshouldn'tgiveuphisstudies.他并不笨,即使他學(xué)得慢一點(diǎn),也不應(yīng)該放棄學(xué)習(xí).倒裝語(yǔ)序的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,附屬連詞通常用though,as,而不用although,while,eventhough,這種從句均放在主句之前,位于句首.它的詞序是要把形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：A.adj./adv.+as/though+主語(yǔ)+其他成分Coldasitwas,theywentonwork

30、ingonthefarm.盡管天冷,但他們繼續(xù)在田里干活.MuchasIlikethenecklace,Iwillnotbuyit.盡管我喜歡這條項(xiàng)鏈,我還是不會(huì)買的.B.v.+as+Sub.+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+其他成分Tryasshemight,shecouldn'topenthedoor.雖然她試了幾次,但仍打不開那扇門.C.n.+as+Sub.+其他成分Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是小孩,卻懂很多東西.注意：child前不帶不定冠詞a當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句用although/though/eventhough引導(dǎo)時(shí),不能與but連用,但可與yet或still連用,構(gòu)成

31、though/although.yet/still結(jié)構(gòu).Although/Though/Eventhoughhetriedhisbest,(yet/still)hefailed.他雖然竭盡全力,但還是失敗了.(2)despite及inspiteof的用法介詞despite或介詞短語(yǔ)inspiteof的意思都是盡管,雖然,其后都可接名詞(短語(yǔ))或動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)),兩者可以互換.Despite/Inspiteofherseriousillness,shecametothemeeting.盡管她病得很重,但仍然來(lái)開會(huì)了.Wehadawonderfulholiday,despite/inspiteofb

32、adweather.盡管天氣不好,我們的假期還是過(guò)得非常愉快.3.burst的用法歸納(1)爆炸,爆裂,爆破(vi.)Theboyputtoomuchairintotheballonanditburst.那男孩把氣球打氣打得太多了,它爆了.Oncetheirwaterpipesfrozeandburst.有一次,他們的水管凍裂了.(2)忽然迸發(fā),忽然出現(xiàn)(vi.)和forth連用Thecherryblossomsburstforthinalltheirbeauty.美麗的櫻花忽然開放了.和into連用Theyweresomovedthattheyburstintotears.他們感動(dòng)得哭了起來(lái)

33、.(3)使裂開,使猛然翻開(vt.)Theriverhasburstitsbanks.河水決堤了.Theyburstthedooropen/burstopenthedoor.他們一下子把門踹開了.(4)burst常見短語(yǔ)歸納burstinto+n.burstout+v.-ingburstintotears/laughter忽然大哭/大笑burstintobloom/flower開花burstintoleaf長(zhǎng)葉burstintosong忽然唱起歌來(lái)burstintoangryspeech大發(fā)雷霆burstintotheroom闖入房間burstintoastormofabuse破口大罵burs

34、toutcrying/laughing忽然哭/笑起來(lái)出.詞語(yǔ)辨析1 .familiarwith,familiartofamiliarwith和familiarto這兩個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)均有熟悉;通曉之意,均可用作表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ).但在用法上又有些區(qū)別.(1)familiarwith意為"havingagoodknowledgeof.其主語(yǔ)只能為人,賓語(yǔ)可為人也可為事物,表示某人熟悉某人或某物.BeforeyouleavehomeforEngland,youshouldbefamiliarwithEnglish.在你去英國(guó)之前,你應(yīng)首先熟悉英語(yǔ).Thebookiswrittenfo

35、rreadersfamiliarwiththeGermanlanguage.這本書是為懂德語(yǔ)的人編寫的.(2)familiarto意為"wellknownto.,其主語(yǔ)可為人,也可為事物,但賓語(yǔ)只能為人,表示某人或某事物對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的.Englishisfamiliartohim.英語(yǔ)是他的熟門.Therearefacesnotfamiliartome.有幾張面孔我不熟悉.這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的位置正好相反,除強(qiáng)調(diào)的語(yǔ)句成分的不同外,其語(yǔ)意不變.She'sfamiliarwiththesubject.=Thesubjectisfamiliartoher.她熟悉這道題目.

36、2 .aswell,aswellas(1)aswell是副詞短語(yǔ),意思是也,常用于句末.ShespeaksEnglishaswell.她也說(shuō)英語(yǔ).I'mgoingtoShanghaiandmybrother'sgoingaswell.我將去上海,我弟弟也去.注意：aswell不用于否認(rèn)句.另外aswell表示也好；不妨；還是好,放在主要?jiǎng)釉~之前,前面常用may,just等.Youmayaswellgo.你去也好.Youjustaswelltellmethetruth.你還是告訴我真相為好.(2)aswellas相當(dāng)于notonly,besides,inadditionto,意思是不僅；除外；還",后面可跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、v.-ing形式等.HereadsGermanaswellasEnglish.他不僅讀英語(yǔ),而且讀德語(yǔ).Th