八年級(jí)英語完形填空解題技巧

1、英語完形填空解題技巧一、完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn) 完形填空一般有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）完形填空所選的文章比較多的是情節(jié)明了、層次分明、內(nèi)容易懂的故事性或記敘性的文體，文中較少出現(xiàn)生詞，這樣有助于考生整體理解和思路暢通。完形填空所選文章一般較之同一份試卷中的閱讀理解題所選的文章，其難度要略低一些。（2）完形填空的選文篇幅一般在170220單詞之間；空缺處的密度一般是每515單詞一空。（3）以意義填空為主，要求填入的詞主要有： 語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。具有語法變化的普通詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。 固定搭配短語或

2、詞組中的特定詞。 同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞?？梢姡晷翁羁帐且环N綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。（4）完形填空題的考查目的： 考查同學(xué)們閱讀理解能力?？疾橥瑢W(xué)們語法知識(shí)。 考查同學(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力。二、完形填空的考查點(diǎn) “完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。重點(diǎn)考查詞語搭配、詞語辨析、邏輯推斷、前后呼應(yīng)等，有時(shí)兼顧一些講英語國(guó)家的語言及生活習(xí)慣等。詞語搭配包括習(xí)慣用語、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、名詞等的相互

3、搭配；詞語辨析包括近義詞的辨析和易混詞的辨析；邏輯推斷包括根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷和邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果、條件、讓步等關(guān)系，也包括根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，選出一個(gè)意思與內(nèi)容相符合的詞或詞語；前后呼應(yīng)是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多個(gè)選擇，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文結(jié)合或聯(lián)系起來理解，就只能有一個(gè)選擇。三、完形填空題的解題步驟及技巧 由于完形填空題的解題難度一般比單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解要大，一般說來，做完形填空題時(shí)可按下列步驟： 1、瀏覽全文，理解大意。在著手答題之前從頭到尾把文章瀏覽一遍，以便能了解文章的大概意思，使接下來的答題過程具有一定的針對(duì)性。 2、照顧上下文，作出正確的邏輯及詞意的判斷。

4、在答題過程中，不要一遇到空白處就停下來做題，有些空白處是需要通讀全句甚至全文后才能作出正確的選擇的，因此，在答題過程中，要經(jīng)?？紤]上下文，并進(jìn)行邏輯推斷。 3、先易后難，利用已選出的正確答案來推斷未知的答案。一些題目一下子不能馬上找到答案，不妨先擱置一邊，做上標(biāo)記，待做完其他相對(duì)容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的答案的題目后再處理，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)，文章所提供的信息量比以前多了，也許這時(shí)找到答案的難度會(huì)小一些。 4、重新閱讀全文，全面復(fù)查。將選好的答案一一對(duì)號(hào)入座，再把整篇文章通讀一遍，看看在表達(dá)整個(gè)語篇的意思上有無唐突之處，內(nèi)容是否連貫通順，語法上有無不妥等等。四、提高完形填空題解題能力的訓(xùn)練要點(diǎn) 要想在完形填空上取得高分

5、，平時(shí)要做以下方面的訓(xùn)練： 1、進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練以提高自己的英語語感和對(duì)文章的理解能力。 由于完形填空重點(diǎn)考查的是一個(gè)考生的閱讀能力，因此，提高自己的閱讀能力是提高在完形填空中的得分的關(guān)鍵。 閱讀能力的提高是和你閱讀的量成正比的。閱讀的量越大，你的閱讀能力就越強(qiáng)。因此，有計(jì)劃、有步驟地進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練是相當(dāng)重要的。在進(jìn)行閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)，除了檢測(cè)自己在閱讀中的理解情況之外，還要對(duì)閱讀文章中所出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞和詞組進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)和研究。對(duì)于重要的句式句型等也要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的研究、總結(jié)并作整理和記憶。同類句型在今后的做題中肯定會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)，如不作整理和記憶則無法產(chǎn)生較好的語感，對(duì)于英語句子所表達(dá)的意思的理

6、解只能一直停留在模糊階段，更談不上閱讀能力的快速提高，而閱讀能力得不到提高就直接影響到完形填空的正確率。 2、加強(qiáng)詞匯知識(shí)方面的訓(xùn)練，努力提高詞匯的識(shí)記和理解能力。 有學(xué)生以為，提高自己的詞匯知識(shí)無非就是要死記硬背詞匯表，把每一個(gè)單詞都熟記在心。其實(shí)，背誦詞匯表只是詞匯知識(shí)掌握的第一步，雖然這一步非常重要也是必不可少的。我們知道，一個(gè)單詞或詞組在具體的上下文中會(huì)有不同的意思，而許多這樣的意思也許在你的詞匯表上并沒有標(biāo)出。一個(gè)詞甚至是一個(gè)非常普通的詞，在一定的語言環(huán)境下說話者可能會(huì)賦予它特定的意思，從而達(dá)到某種語義效果。如果你缺乏一定的語匯訓(xùn)練，在一個(gè)不同的語言環(huán)境中，你硬是用你從詞匯表上所背到

7、的詞義去理解，也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不理解句子所要表達(dá)的真正含義。 要提高自己在詞匯知識(shí)方面的能力，首先，在熟記每一單詞的基本詞義的同時(shí)，多記一些該單詞的各種常見詞義下的重要例句；其次，平時(shí)應(yīng)多作一些記錄和積累工作，把自己從閱讀中所見到的一些所學(xué)單詞的有用的表達(dá)法記錄下來，并經(jīng)常誦讀；另外，不妨多學(xué)一些構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，如英語單詞中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、前后綴、合成詞等，這些知識(shí)也可以在一定程度上提高你的詞匯知識(shí)。3、多進(jìn)行完形填空的訓(xùn)練。 平時(shí)多做完形填空的訓(xùn)練可以有效地提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力，以充分適應(yīng)這種題型。每做完一篇完形填空，就需要認(rèn)真核對(duì)答案，找出在做題中出錯(cuò)的原因，以便采取相應(yīng)的措施，在今后做題時(shí)避免出現(xiàn)同樣的錯(cuò)。如你

8、發(fā)現(xiàn)在做題時(shí)經(jīng)常犯詞匯理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則你就應(yīng)該認(rèn)真記憶單詞、詞組；如你犯的是語篇理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)地增加你的閱讀量，以提高閱讀理解的能力。 上述工作做完后，你最好不要就把這篇做好的完形填空隨手扔了，不妨把整篇文章再默記一遍，并在文章中的空缺處填上核對(duì)后的正確的詞（應(yīng)該把這些詞默寫出來，而不是對(duì)著答案照抄），再把文章反復(fù)讀幾遍。這樣做，對(duì)你做完形填空時(shí)產(chǎn)生一種良好的語感是很有好處的。 例1：We know that trees are useful in our everyday life. They 1 us many things，such as wood，oxygen，rubb

9、er，medicines and many other things. They can 2 tell us a lot about our climate(氣候). The following are the reasons(理由).If you 3 a tree，you can see that it has many rings(年輪). Most trees grow one new ring 4 year. Because of this reason，we know 5 a tree is. A tree over a hundred years old means that it

10、 has more than a hundred 6 When the climate is dry or very cold，the trees do not grow very much and their rings are usually 7. When it is wet and warm，the rings are much thicker. If the rings are suddenly very thin or suddenly very thick，this means that the 8 changed suddenly. If we look at the ring

11、s on this tree，we can learn about the 9 for a hundred years. We can see 10 our climate is changing today.1. A. tell B. ask C. give D. get 2. A. not B. too C. to D. also 3. A. cut across B. climb up C. walk past D. look at 4. A. every B. many C. the first D. from 5. A. how big B. how long C. how old

12、D. how much 6. A. trees B. leaves C. people D. rings 7. A. big B. thick C. small D. thin 8. A. climate B. trees C. rings D. animal 9. A. people B. things C. climate D. life 10. A. how B. why C. when D. while 例2：Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the 1 of Europe. Near Greenland is

13、 another island. It is small. Its 2 is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are 3 . Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There 4 more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is because Green

14、land is not green. Greenland is 5 . Most of the island is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is 6 than the worlds tallest building. What _7 Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice 8 Greenland. It has a lot of hot springs(泉).They giv

15、e out hot water and steam(水蒸汽).The climate(氣候) is not as 9_ as Greenland. And there are a lot 10 people who live in Iceland.1. A. eastB. west C. northD. south2. A. villageB. name C. farmD. town3 .A. wrongB. clever C. rightD. bright4. A. must beB. are C. isD. be5. A. yellowB. brownC. blueD. white6. A

16、. more higherB. highC. highestD. higher7. A. ofB. inC. aboutD. on8. A. asB. likeC. thanD. then9. A. warmB. coldC. notD. cool10. A. manyB. muchC. moreD. most例3：Joe wanted a computer. He asked his 1 for the money and they said he must get it himself. But how did he get it? He 2 about this when he walk

17、ed home. Not many people wanted to ask children to work for them. Maybe he could take away snow for the neighbors (鄰居). But this was not 3 . He had to wait a long time for that. He couldnt cut grass for their gardens 4 he had no tools (工具) to do the work with.Then he saw one of his classmates, Dick,

18、 delivering (送) 5 . I could do that, he thought. Maybe I could even get the computer 6 away. I could pay 7 it a little each week. He ran to 8 up with Dick. Joe asked him a lot of questions. He learned that it was 9 to get twenty-five dollars each week. He learned that the job (工作) took 10 three hour

19、s each night. Dick 11 him the phone number of the newspaper manager (經(jīng)理).Joe almost flew home. After he had told his mother 12 he thought, she 13 .“I think it is a 14 idea,” she said, “Ill call the newspaper.”“Wait, Mum,” Joe said, “Ill call. After that, Im going to be a businessman now.”Joes mother

20、 smiled 15 .1. A. teachersB. parentsC. classmatesD. friends 2. A. saidB. toldC. thoughtD. spoke3. A. springB. summerC. autumnD. winter4. A. becauseB. whenC. whileD. after5. A. newspaperB. bikesC. computersD. tools6. A. nowB. rightC. justD. only7. A. onB. toC. ofD. for8. A. takeB. catchC. carryD. get

21、9. A. friendlyB. kindC. possibleD. wrong10. A. atB. aboutC. beforeD. after11. A. taughtB. gaveC. madeD. asked12. A. thatB. whenC. whatD. where13. A. smiledB. shoutedC. criedD. worried14. A. bigB. largeC. greatD. bad15. A. sadlyB. happilyC. politelyD. angrily例4： These days it is found that school stu

22、dents hardly have any sports. Is it because they have no 1 in sports? It may not be true. They often say they have 2 more important things to do. What are these important things? Exams! They have to 3_ themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school. So many of them almost 4 bookworms(書呆

23、子). In the past in the summer holidays, they could do 5 they liked, but now they have to 6_ all their time preparing. So 7 have kept them away from going in for sports. Because of the pressure(壓力) from 8 parents and teachers, they 9 to work harder and spend most of their time 10_ books. As for the s

24、tudents themselves, they dont want to 11 the lessons because they want to further their studies. So it is necessary to give _12 of their spare time to their studies and 13 up their school sports. Its true a good education cannot go without physical training, the _14 _ is true, a quick mind hardly go

25、es along with a 15 body. Without a strong body, you can never do anything well, how can you make great success in life?1. A. interestsB. interestedC. interestingD. interest2. A. anotherB. otherC. muchD. some3. A. make B. haveC. getD. let4. A. turnB. growC. lookD. become5. A. anythingB. somethingC. e

26、verythingD. nothing6. A. giveB. spendC. takeD. cost7. A. teachersB. parentsC. studiesD. holidays8. A. hisB. onesC. theirD. others9. A. tryB. hopeC. haveD. enjoy10. A. inB. atC. toD. on11. A. missB. loseC. leaveD. fail12. A. fewB. anyC. allD. none13. A. giveB. takeC. putD. send14. A. thingB. sameC. w

27、ordD. kind15. A. strongB. heavyC. weakD. ill例5： Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will probably _1_ they go to learn languages, geography, history, science and all _2_ subjects. That is quite _3_, but _4_ do they learn these things?We send our children to school to _5_ them

28、 for their future work and life. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use _6_ their life, but is that the _7_ reason they go to school?There is _8_ in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all _9_ how to learn, so that when we have left school we can go on le

29、arning. If a man really knows _10_, he will always be successful, because whenever he has to do _11_ he will quickly teach himself how to do it in the best way. The uneducated person, on the other _12_, is _13_ unable to do it, or does it badly, so the pupils of school is not just _14_ languages, ge

30、ography, science, etc, but to teach pupils the _15_ to learn.1. A. speakB. sayC. talkD. tell2. A. the B. otherC. the other D. other the3. A. trueB. realC. factD. wrong4. A. howB. whereC. whyD. what5. A. stopB. askC. readyD. prepare6. A. atB. inC. onD. with7. A. bestB. onlyC. justD. first8. A. manyB.

31、 muchC. moreD. most9. A. learnB. to learnC. learningD. learned10.A. how to learn B. why to learn C. how does he learn D. why does he learn11.A. anything new B. something new C. new anything D. new something12.A. wayB. wordC. footD. hand13.A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. not14.A. learnB. to learnC. teac

32、hD. to teach15.A. subjectsB. reasonsC. wayD. knowledge例6：Do you know how to study _1_ and make your study more effective (有效的)?We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long_2_, This is very good ,but it doesnt_3_a lot ,for an effective student must have enough sleep ,enough food

33、 and enough rest and _4_. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. Its good for your_5_.When you return _6_your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒)and youll learn more_7_study better. Psychologists (心理學(xué)家)_8_ that learning takes place this way. Here take

34、 English learning _9_ an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems _10_ the same. So you will think youre learning _11_ and you may give up. This can last for days or even weeks, yet you _12_ give up, and at some point your language study will again

35、 take another big _13_. Youll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying, English can be very effective and _14_ . Dont give up along the way. Learn _15_ you are sure to get a good result(結(jié)果).1. A. well B. good C. better D. best2. A.

36、days B. time C. hours D. weeks3. A. help B. give C. make D. take4. A. exercise B. homework C. running D. clothes5. A. healthB. body C. study D. life6. A. after B. for C. at D. to7. A. yet B. and C. or D. but 8. A. have found B. have taught C. told D. said9. A. with B. for C. as D. to10. A. to have B

37、. to make C. to take D. to stay11. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything12. A. mustnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. may not13. A. work B. jump C. walk D. result14. A. hard B. common C. possible D. interesting15. A. slowlyB. fast C. quickly D. happily例7: There was once a millionaire who loved m

38、oney than anything else in the world. He didnt know exactly how much he had, so he took on a little girl to _1_ all his money for him.It _2_ the little girl six days to count all the money. When she told the millionaire that he had forty-two _3_ dollars, he was _4_ with joy and asked, “ How much _5_

39、 do you want?” He thought that _6_ she was only a child, he could _7_ her into taking a very small amount of money.The girl said, “well, I worked for six days, so I think you _8_ pay me for six days. Give me two pennies for the first day. Each day after that, just give me the amount you give me the

40、day before, multiplied by itself.The _9_ thought that in this _10_ he would only have to give her a _11_ dollars. What a _12_ little girl! So immediately, he _13_ his lawyer sign up the contract, fearing that she would change her _14_ .On the first day the millionaire paid her two pennies, and on th

41、e second day, two pennies times two pennies, or four pennies.Each day after that, he gave her _15_ number of pennies he had given her the day before, multiplied by itself. And by the sixth day, the foolish millionaire had to give the clever little girl all his money.1. A. bringB. countC. sendD. hide

42、2. A. hadB. neededC. gotD. took3. A. millionB. dozenC. thousandD. hundred4. A. prideB. wildC. surprisedD. moved5. A. dollarsB. numberC. timeD. pay6. A. as ifB. thoughC. ifD. because7. A. warnB. adviseC. cheatD. set8. A. could B. wouldC. shouldD. might9. A. girlB. millionaireC. twoD. people10. A. mea

43、sureB. wayC. pointD. means11. A. fewB. littleC. lessD. much12. A. nice B. cleverC. fineD. foolish13. A. orderedB. askedC. hadD. persuaded14. A. mindB. heartC. wordD. plan15. A. goodB. greatC. aD. the例8：There is a holiday next week and I cant decide what to do. I have a lot of work to do _1_and this

44、would be a good chance(機(jī)會(huì)) _2_.But I dont like_3_ the holiday in this way. I can work at home all the rest of the year. Last year I went _4_to the mountains. _5_ there was beautiful, but it is too cold this time of year. And its really_6_ far to go for a short holiday. I decide _7_ this isnt a good

45、time to_8_the mountains. But I_9_to go somewhere else.Perhaps this would be a good chance to go to the beach(海濱). I like to go for walks _10_ the seashore_11_the warm sunshine and watch the water. Its only eight miles and I could get there_12_about two hours. After thinking it _13_, I am sure that t

46、his is a _14_ time for the seashore than _15_.1. A. at home B. at house C. in school D. in factory 2. A. do it B. doing that C. to do it D. with that3. A. to pass B. to spend C. having D. asking4. A. the north B. or north C. north D. to north5. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Somebody D.A girl 6. A. ver

47、y B. enough C. rather D. too7. A. that B. what C. whether D. when8. A. go B. go to C. arrive D. leave9. A. do want B. shall want C. wanted D. am wanting10.A. onB. by C. beside D. along11.A. onB. during C. in D. under12.A. inB. for C. with D. after13.A. in B. out C. over D. on14.A. good B. fine C. be

48、tter D. best15.A. home B. the mountains C. big cities D. country villages例9：:My family spent a few weeks in London last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the 1 season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good 2 there are not too many 3 in October.We stayed in a small 4 in t

49、he West End. We 5 most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at the places which all travelers would like to 6 . We went shopping and spent too much money 7 a lot of things. What we liked most was going to the 8 . We didnt have the chance to see such 9 plays at home. A lot of people say Englis

50、h 10 is very bad. We didnt think so. It is 11 that most of the restaurants are French, Italian, or Chinese, but Britain had some very 12 meals.In fact, we 13 our holiday so much that we have already decided to 14 there again this year. But we are going to take our umbrellas. Im sure well need them 1

51、5 . 1. A. busiestB. workingC. bestD. hottest2. A. andB. orC. asD. so3. A. playersB. travelersC. placesD. things4. A. stationB. hotelC. officeD. cinema5. A. missedB. showedC. usedD. did6. A. lookB. watchC. seeD. notice7. A. buyingB. buyC. boughtD. to buy8. A. shopsB. cinemasC. restaurantsD. theatres9. A. wellB. wonderfulC. terribleD. sad10. A. languageB. filmC. clothesD. food11. A. impossibleB. trueC. importantD. necessary12. A. deliciousB. poorC. freshD. expensive13. A. spent B. enjoyedC. paidD. finished14. A. l