形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)講解

1、一、形容詞的一般用法1.作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。 例如，Its a cold and windy day.2.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。 例如，He looks happy today.3.形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing，everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。例如，How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：

2、afraid害怕；alone單獨(dú)的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(誤)6.只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長(zhǎng)的例如，My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (誤)7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely單獨(dú)的；friendly友好的；lively生動(dòng)的；lovely可愛的8.復(fù)合形容

3、詞：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known眾所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以帶走的；ten-year-old十歲的。二、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)描繪詞(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，長(zhǎng)幼，顏色)出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞A small round table一張小圓桌A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又臟又

4、舊的黑色襯衣A famous American medical school一個(gè)非常著名的美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院三、形容詞常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣。注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。例如，Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very

5、kind to help me.)你能幫助我，真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她說(shuō)這樣的話，真粗魯。Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他單獨(dú)出去太傻了。2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣。注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)

6、，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，safe(平安的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers care

7、fully is very important for students.)對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)按時(shí)到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad(快樂的)，pleased(快樂的)，sad(憂傷的)，thankful(感謝的)等常接不定式。例如，Glad to see you.見到你非?？鞓?。Im very sad to hear the bad news.聽到

8、這個(gè)壞新聞，我非常難過(guò)。4.表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready(樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷鋒總是樂于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.他一定會(huì)按時(shí)到校。-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對(duì)副詞的考查涉及常用副詞的用法、副詞等級(jí)的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中，頻度副詞always，often，usually，sometimes，never，時(shí)間副詞already，yet，still，just，疑問副詞

9、how，why，when，where，程度副詞enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法區(qū)別，副詞比擬等級(jí)句型是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義可分為：方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地點(diǎn)副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，時(shí)間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldo

10、m，never否認(rèn)副詞：no，not，neither，nor，疑問副詞：where，how，why其他：also，too，only二、副詞的根本用法：副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。2.He is very happy today.他今天非?？鞓?。3.“What happened？I asked，rather angrily.“發(fā)生什么事情了？我相當(dāng)生氣地問。4. In spring，I can see flowers

11、everywhere.在春天，我到處都能看到花。三、常見副詞用法辨析already用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng);yet用于否認(rèn)句句末，表示“還，用于疑問句句末，表示“已經(jīng)例如，He had already left when I called.當(dāng)我給他打 時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開了。Have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？I havent finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語(yǔ)氣，常用于疑問句句末例如：Has your son gone to school already？你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)

12、了嗎？(表示很驚訝)very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比擬級(jí)；修飾動(dòng)詞要用very much.例如，John is very honest.約翰非常老實(shí)。This garden is much bigger than that one.這個(gè)花園比那個(gè)大的多。so修飾形容詞或副詞;such 修飾名詞，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一個(gè)這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可

13、數(shù)名詞單數(shù).such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，. 例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子。It is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)It is so cold weather.(誤)They are such good students. 他們是那么好的學(xué)生。(正)They are so good students. (誤)如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many，

14、few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞4.also，too，as well與either 的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否認(rèn)句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a tea

15、cher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French，either.我不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，詹妮也不會(huì)。5.sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime：某一時(shí)間，某一時(shí)刻，可指將來(lái)時(shí)，也可指過(guò)去時(shí)sometimes：有時(shí)，不時(shí)的some time：一段時(shí)間some times：幾次，幾倍. 例如，Well

16、have a test sometime next month.下個(gè)月的某一時(shí)間，我們要進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有時(shí)我們很忙，有時(shí)不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段時(shí)間。I have been to Beijing some times.我去過(guò)北京好幾次。ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，不可以單獨(dú)使用。before指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻“以前，也可泛指以前，常和完成時(shí)連用，可以單獨(dú)使用。例如，I saw him

17、ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我他以前看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。7.now，just與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，意為“現(xiàn)在just：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用，表示“剛just now：和過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示“剛剛. 例如，Where does he live now？他現(xiàn)在住哪里？We have just seen the film. 我們剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。He was here just now. 他剛剛在這里。、形容詞，副詞的比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)一

18、、規(guī)那么變化1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest5.局部雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比擬級(jí)和most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；bea

19、utiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不規(guī)那么變化以下單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most.形容詞，副詞等級(jí)的用法一、原級(jí)的用法1.只能修飾原級(jí)的詞，very，quite，so，too例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙表示“甲和乙程度相同或“甲是乙的幾倍例如，Tom is as old as Kate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大

20、。Tom is twice as old as Kate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙表示“甲和乙程度相同或“甲是乙的幾倍例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙甲不如乙例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大?！凹?助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙甲不如乙例如，He doesnt

21、 walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。二、比擬級(jí)的用法1.可以修飾比擬級(jí)的詞，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一點(diǎn)兒even甚至，still仍然例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。This train runs much faster than that one.這輛火車比那輛跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her h

22、usband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比擬級(jí)+than+乙表示“甲比乙或“甲比乙?guī)妆独?，Tom is taller than Kate.湯姆比凱特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)大三倍?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比擬級(jí)+than+乙表示“甲比乙或“甲比乙?guī)妆独?，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度

23、比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+形容詞比擬級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都，含義是“甲最。例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的任何一條其他的河都長(zhǎng)。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的其他所有的河都長(zhǎng)。=The

24、 Yangtze River is the longest river in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流。注意：The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.長(zhǎng)江比日本的任何一條河都長(zhǎng)?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比擬級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都，含義是“甲最。例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of th

25、e other students in his class.邁克比他們班上任何一個(gè)其他的同學(xué)到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上其他的同學(xué)到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.邁克在他們班到校最早。注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.邁克比湯姆班上任何一個(gè)學(xué)生到校都早。(邁克和湯姆不是同一個(gè)班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比擬級(jí)+ofthetwo+表示“甲是兩者中較的。例如，Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那兩個(gè)男孩，我弟弟是兩個(gè)當(dāng)中較高的那個(gè)。(4)“比擬級(jí)+and+比擬級(jí)表示“越來(lái)越。例如，He is getting taller and taller.他變得越來(lái)越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來(lái)越漂亮。He does his homework more and more ca