英語(yǔ)中祈使句的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上龍文教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義（第 講）學(xué)生姓名：課 題祈使句 教學(xué)目標(biāo)祈使句的學(xué)習(xí) 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn) 祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句；  考點(diǎn)及考試要求.考查祈使句的肯定式、否定式及其反義疑問(wèn)句； .考查祈使句的回答； 教學(xué)內(nèi)容祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、叮囑、請(qǐng)求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)其句意，實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ)you。祈使句句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，朗讀時(shí)，常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí)，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。

2、例如：Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那個(gè)小房間里。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）動(dòng)詞原形+其他Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請(qǐng)起立。（2）Be + adj.Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心?。?）Let's + 動(dòng)詞原形Lets go to school together. 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。2. 否定的祈使句(1) Don't + 動(dòng)詞原形 Never + 動(dòng)詞原形Don't s

3、tand up. 別站起來(lái)。Don't be careless. 別粗心。Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(2) Let's ( let sb. ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形Let's not say anything about it. 對(duì)于這件事，咱們什么也別說(shuō)。Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用will you 或won't you。Please open the door, will/ wont you?

4、 請(qǐng)把門打開，好嗎？(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分只用will you。Don't be late again, will you? 別再遲到了，行不行？(3) 以let's開頭的祈使句反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用shall we。Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我們把電視打開，好嗎？<特別注意> 只有以let's開頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分才用shall we，而let us 開頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分應(yīng)為will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/

5、won't you? 請(qǐng)（你）讓我們留在這好嗎？4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，否定祈使句常用No名詞/V-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！5.祈使句的回答祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí)，要注意兩點(diǎn)：一是形式一致，即Yes與will保持一致；No與wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是是的意思。在回答時(shí)，要注意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.請(qǐng)不要出去。

6、外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。6.祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時(shí)，須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時(shí)，要用并列連詞and來(lái)連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時(shí)，要用并列連詞or來(lái)連接。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒(méi)有辦法。Hurry up, or well be late.快點(diǎn)，否則我們要遲到了。七.祈使句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連用祈使句與條件

7、狀語(yǔ)從句連用時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話，叫他給我來(lái)個(gè)電話。八.祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動(dòng)詞Do(Do在句中無(wú)意義)。例如：Do shut up! 快住口！九.特殊形式的祈使句在英語(yǔ)中，有些祈使句不是以動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)引起一個(gè)祈使句，而是以一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，且后接一個(gè)帶有并列連接詞的分句。實(shí)際上，這個(gè)充當(dāng)祈使句的名詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：More water and the young trees

8、 couldnt have died. If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.如果你給那些小樹多澆點(diǎn)水，他們就不會(huì)死了。十.運(yùn)用祈使句的誤區(qū)祈使句往往容易與不定式、分詞或條件狀語(yǔ)從句相混淆。在平時(shí)的練習(xí)或測(cè)試中，如果稍不留神，就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。因此，要認(rèn)真審題，認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，作出正確判斷。例如：_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C

9、. If you check D. To check析：如果空白處選填B(Check)項(xiàng)，則視為祈使句，但后一分句前沒(méi)有并列連接詞and連接；如選A或D項(xiàng)(分詞或不定式)，句中邏輯主語(yǔ)some spelling mistakes又不能執(zhí)行這個(gè)動(dòng)作，故均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意。祈使句考題集錦（1）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. The TV is too loud. Please_.A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it2. _ late again, Bill!A.

10、Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not3. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't4. Please help me carry it, _?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5. Don't make so much noise, _?A. will you B. won't you C. shall

11、 we D. do you6. Do you know the girl _under the tree?A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood7. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing8. _ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9. I've kept the dog _Maomao for a long time

12、.A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name10. Don't you know that _ is good for our health?A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改為祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please.12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改為同義句） _ _ me, or Ill go.13

13、. Let's watch the sports games. （改為反意疑問(wèn)句） Let's watch the sports games, _ _?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改為祈使句）_ _careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改為否定句）_ _ next to Nancy.16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改為反意疑問(wèn)句）Don't f

14、orget to turn off the lights, _ _?17. If you move, you'll die. （改為同義句）_ _, or you'll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改為反意疑問(wèn)句）Come to my house tomorrow, _ _?19. 這是一個(gè)壞了的被子。 （翻譯句子）This is a _ _.20. 讓我們?nèi)蛶湍莻€(gè)哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻譯句子）Lets go and help the _ _, please.  參考答案 1-5. ABDBA 6-10.

15、 CADBB11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Dont be 15. Dont sit16. will you 17. Dont move 18. will / wont you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl祈使句考題集錦（2）一、將以下祈使句改為否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets

16、 go there together. 二、選擇最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have                             B. having C. to have       &

17、#160;                 D. had2. _ me go. It is very important for me.A. Do let                        

18、;   B. let do C. Doing let                       D. To do let3. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not             

19、;                  B. Dont C. To not                           D. Not to4. If you wan

20、t to stay, let me know, _?A. will you                         B. shall we C. do you                &

21、#160;          D. do we5. Never come late again, _? A. will you                         B. wont C. do you     

22、                      D. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting                 

23、;         B. Get C. To get                           D. Got7. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play    &#

24、160;                   B. Not to play C. Dont play                    D. Dont to play8. Please _ me some money

25、, will you?A. lend                               B. lending C. to lend             &#

26、160;            D. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be                           

27、0;     B. are C. is                                  D. being10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep 

28、                            B. Keeping C. To keep                   &#

29、160;     D. Kept祈使句考題集錦（3）I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be) late.2. _ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ (not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not, leave) your homework for

30、tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.II. 選擇填空( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure( ) 3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful( ) 4. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling