完整虛擬語氣用法表格歸納圖

1、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條 件句中的用法三點：從句條件主句目的表示于現(xiàn)在事實相反的 虛擬條件句lf+主語+動詞的過去式be用 wereIf I had time, I would attend themeeti ng.主 語 +would(shouldcouldmight)+動詞原型表示與過去事實相反的 擬條件句If+主語+had+動詞的過去分 詞If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.主 語 +would should could might+have+動詞的過去分詞表示與將來事實相反的 虛擬條件句1、lf+主語+動

2、詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+動詞原 形3、If+主語+should +動詞原形 If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.主 語 +would could should might+動詞原型錯綜時間條件句一一主 從句時間不一致的情況 下的虛擬語氣有時條件從句中的動作與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致， 這是動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you woul

3、d be a college stude nt now.含蓄條件句有時虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語otherwise，or，without，but for上下文或其他方式來表示。1. 條件暗含在短語中；2. 條件暗含在上下文中；3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱?xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語序的情況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把虛擬條件 中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動詞提到主語 之前。例： 原句： 1: If she were youn ger,she,would do it.去 if: Were she young

4、er,she,would do it.2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去 if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climb ing. 去 if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虛擬語氣在as if/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語 從句中1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有疑心，謂語動詞用過去 式。He trea

5、ts the boy as if he were his own son.2表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。He spoke as if he had known about it.3.表示與將來事實相反，表示將來的可能性不大,用would(might, could)+動詞原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1.在as if/as though句中，如果有可能成為事實，用陳述 語氣。例: He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，從句主語和主句主 語相同時

6、，從句中可省略主語和局部謂語。虛擬語氣用在lest, for fear that, so that 及 in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀 語從句中表示“以防， 以免等意思謂語動詞多用should/could/might+動詞原型構(gòu)成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.由 “ providing that /provided that/on con diti onthat/supposethat/supposingthat引導(dǎo)的條件從 句根據(jù)情況，1.可以用虛擬語氣。例: suppose/suppo

7、sing that it rained,we shouldn' go out.2.也可以用陳述語氣。例: They are willing to surrender provided they are give n free pard on.“In case"引導(dǎo)的從句 中即可用陳述句，也可 以用虛擬語氣should+動詞原型例: 1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.The game will be put off in case it sno ws.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣一：賓語從句中的虛 擬語氣pe后

8、的賓語從句中的 虛擬語氣,表示一種 不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去進行式。I wish (that) I were a bird.對過去情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用過去元成時，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.對將來情況的虛擬：從句謂語"would/should/could/might+動詞原形。I wish (that) I would'could go.在表示建議，命令， 要求，忠告，等動詞 的后面的賓語從句中 的虛擬語氣均以“ shou

9、ld+動詞原型表示這種語氣，“should常被省略。We suggested that the meet ing (should) be put off.They in sisted that the boy (should)go with them.常用的此類動詞有：表示 提議，勸告，建議 的:propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示要求 的: ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg表示同意，堅持的：in sist表示決疋，命令的：decide,order注意：suggest,insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時，即它

10、們用于其本意暗示，說明，堅持認為時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested(暗示that he was satisfied with ourwork.The man in sisted 【堅持認為】 that he had n ever stole n the mon ey.在 expect， believe， think， suspect 等動詞 的否認或疑問形式后 的賓語從句中的虛擬 語氣經(jīng)常用“ should+動詞原型或完成形式，表示驚奇，疑心，不 滿等情緒。I cannot believe that you should think so.W

11、ould rather ， hadrather，后的賓語從句 中的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾碔 would rather you told me the truth.用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示“寧愿做什么或“對 過去做的事的懊悔。I would rather you had gone there last Sun day.注意：1假設(shè)某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原型2.would rather.than中用動詞原型I would rather do it by myself.I would rather watch TV at home tha

12、n go to thecinema.主語從句中的虛擬語氣"It is(was)+ 形容詞或過去分詞+that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣表達形式為should+動詞原形或省略 shouldIt' s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容詞：natural, appropriate, advisable, necessary, important, urge nt, probable, possible, desirable, stra nge。注意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中，謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣

13、。例: I don 'tthink it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experie nce.(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗，指派他做這項工作我認為是不 恰當?shù)?.在"It is (was)+ 名詞+that.結(jié)構(gòu)句中的虛擬語氣表示建議，命令，請求，抱歉，疑心，驚奇等。 It' s a pity that you (should) miss a good chanee.這類名詞有： advice, decisi on, desire, dema nd, idea, order, pity, pro

14、posal, recommendation , suggestion, surprise, wish , wonder 等。表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示建議，請求， 命令等主觀意向的名 詞做主語時，其后的 表語從句或冋位語從表達形式為should+動詞原型或直接用動詞原型。My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accept ing it.We all agree to that suggesti on that the meeti ng (should) be put off.在 It is demanded/sugge

15、sted/ordered/required 句需用虛擬語氣that-clause句型中從句用should +動詞原型 It is dema nded that we should work out a pla n.這類名 詞常見 的有：dema nd , desire , requireme nt, advice , recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, proposal, plan , idea。在It is (about/high) time+that定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示“該做的時 候了其動詞形式用一般過去時或should+動詞原型

16、It is high time that you went / should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/ seco nd time that .句型中，從句中謂 語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。This is the sec ond time that we have achieved such a great success.If only弓1起的感慨句中的虛擬語氣If only引出感慨句， 意思是“要是.多 好，表示說話人的 一種愿望。表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過去式；表示過去的情況，應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)表示將來的情況，用would+動詞原形例：If

17、 only he didn 'drive so fast!現(xiàn)在Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice過去If only the rain would stop. 將來even if ( even though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣表示一種讓步語氣， 即使也做不成某事。表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過去式表示過去的情況，應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had bee n

18、busy the n, I would have helped you.Choose the best an swer:It is stra nge that the little boyspeak two foreig n Ian guages.A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experime ntbefore 5:30pm.A. be fini shedB.will finish C. must be fini shed3. Heyou more help,eve n though he was very busy.A, might have give n B. might give C.may have give n4. Without the leadership of the Party,thereno New Chi na.5. He is talk ing so much about America as if hethere.had bee n B. has bee nC. wasD. has gone6. The young man in sisted t