np隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工質(zhì)量控制

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。np隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工質(zhì)量控制隧道光面爆破施工質(zhì)量控制新建玉溪至蒙自段電氣化鐵路工程隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工質(zhì)量控制中鐵十局集團(tuán)三建公司玉蒙項(xiàng)目部QC小組二OO七年二月 隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工質(zhì)量控制一、工程概況漢邑村隧道位于新建昆河線玉溪至蒙自段站前工程第一合同段，為單線鐵路隧道，全長(zhǎng)6670m，位于川滇菱形斷塊的東南端，區(qū)域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜，新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈，是一個(gè)褶皺與斷裂均比較發(fā)育的區(qū)域。隧道地表地下水發(fā)育，地表水主要為水庫(kù)水、塘水及溝槽內(nèi)流水；地下水主要為孔隙水、基巖裂隙水、斷裂帶水、巖溶水等。隧

2、道設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)圍巖1360米，級(jí)圍巖2650米，級(jí)圍巖2660米，級(jí)圍巖除進(jìn)口洞口段20m采用管棚超前支護(hù)外，其余段均采用42小導(dǎo)管注漿超前支護(hù)，注漿材料選用水泥漿，水灰比0.50.8：1，注漿壓力0.51.0Mpa。漢邑村隧道質(zhì)量目標(biāo)是：工程一次驗(yàn)收合格率100，自檢率100，爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)省優(yōu)、部?jī)?yōu)工程及魯班獎(jiǎng)。二、小組概況 玉蒙項(xiàng)目部漢邑村隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)QC小組成立于2006年6月1日，并確定攻關(guān)課題，目的是在保證施工安全的前提下加快施工進(jìn)度，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，確保漢邑村隧道質(zhì)量目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。1、小組名稱(chēng)：三建公司玉蒙項(xiàng)目部QC小組。2、攻關(guān)課題：漢邑村隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工質(zhì)量控制。 3、活動(dòng)時(shí)間：20

3、06年6月1日2006年12月31日。4、小組活動(dòng)次數(shù)：6次5、TQC教育程度：小組成員均接受了48小時(shí)TQC教育。6、小組成員情況：小組成員情況表序 號(hào)姓名性別年齡文化程度職稱(chēng)/職務(wù)組內(nèi)職務(wù)1杜強(qiáng)澤男36本科經(jīng)理組長(zhǎng)2趙 宇男31本科總工程師副組長(zhǎng)3李丹陽(yáng)男29本科工程部長(zhǎng)組員4趙春杰男27本科隧道工程師組員5方同亮男31大專(zhuān)物資部長(zhǎng)組員6周洪斌男27大專(zhuān)試驗(yàn)室主任組員7王安銘男32大專(zhuān)安質(zhì)部長(zhǎng)組員8湯文爽男27大專(zhuān)技術(shù)主管組員9李棟政男25大本技術(shù)主管組員10李正海男42高中領(lǐng)工員組員三、選題理由理由一：隧道地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜，淺埋段多。漢邑村隧道級(jí)圍巖所占比例接近40，且穿越7個(gè)斷層（997m

4、），1個(gè)向斜，其中關(guān)營(yíng)斷層為活動(dòng)斷層，圍巖大部分為斷層泥，斷層寬236m。隧道通過(guò)6處淺埋段，全長(zhǎng)1036米,覆蓋層厚1.2m20m，施工易發(fā)生洞身坍塌。漢邑村隧道關(guān)營(yíng)活動(dòng)斷層圍巖為斷層泥理由二：地下水豐富。漢邑村隧道最大涌水量設(shè)計(jì)為5.5萬(wàn)方/天，沿線斷裂構(gòu)造極其發(fā)育，地下水主要沿?cái)嗔褞Х植?，水文地質(zhì)條件比較復(fù)雜，且各段不一。四、制定目標(biāo) 通過(guò)QC小組活動(dòng)，提高超前小導(dǎo)管施工質(zhì)量，達(dá)到加固周邊圍巖的目的，封堵水源，有效控制隧道超欠挖，確保隧道施工安全。五、活動(dòng)過(guò)程（PDCA）1、計(jì)劃階段（P）1)現(xiàn)象分析隧道軟弱圍巖段施工，超前支護(hù)的質(zhì)量是隧道控制超欠挖及施工安全的關(guān)鍵。為此，我們QC小組對(duì)

5、漢邑村隧道小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)的質(zhì)量缺陷進(jìn)行了調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，影響其質(zhì)量的主要因素有：注漿壓力、漿液配合比、孔位布置、注漿量及注漿管封堵等。缺陷統(tǒng)計(jì)列表如下：小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)質(zhì)量缺陷統(tǒng)計(jì)表序號(hào)缺陷項(xiàng)目頻數(shù)頻率%累計(jì)頻率%1注漿壓力4549.4549.452漿液配合比2123.0872.533孔位布置1314.2886.814注漿管封堵66.5993.405注漿量44.4097.806其它22.20100總計(jì)91100根據(jù)缺陷統(tǒng)計(jì)表繪制排列圖如下：2)根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表找出主要缺陷從統(tǒng)計(jì)表及排列圖中可得出結(jié)論，影響小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)質(zhì)量的主要因素是：注漿壓力、漿液配合比和孔位布置，這三項(xiàng)因素占總數(shù)的86.81%。3)原因

6、分析針對(duì)上述各種因素產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題，QC小組經(jīng)過(guò)全面分析，并結(jié)合以往的施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)質(zhì)量缺陷作出因果分析圖，如下： 從因果分析圖中，我們找到影響小導(dǎo)管注漿施工質(zhì)量的末端因素，并進(jìn)行了要因確認(rèn)。要因確認(rèn)表序號(hào)末端因素論 證是否要因1水泥漿液滯留時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)精心組織，加強(qiáng)工序協(xié)調(diào)，可避免非要因2外加劑單一根據(jù)需要準(zhǔn)備，可避免非要因3注漿設(shè)備陳舊設(shè)備更換，可避免非要因4壓力表、流量計(jì)損壞經(jīng)常檢查，損壞后及時(shí)更換，可避免非要因5分工不明確加強(qiáng)施工管理，可避免非要因6操作不熟練，責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)操作人員對(duì)注漿工藝不熟悉，經(jīng)驗(yàn)將不斷漸積累要因7漿液水灰比難控制規(guī)范操作，不斷積累要因8注漿管與孔口堵塞不密實(shí)加

7、強(qiáng)檢查，可避免非要因9注漿孔布置及鉆眼不規(guī)范加強(qiáng)檢查，不斷改進(jìn)要因10注漿終壓難控制經(jīng)驗(yàn)逐漸積累，不斷改進(jìn)要因11煙塵大，光線暗加強(qiáng)通風(fēng)及照明，可改善非要因12施工場(chǎng)地狹窄現(xiàn)場(chǎng)統(tǒng)一部署，可改善非要因根據(jù)小導(dǎo)管注漿質(zhì)量缺陷因果分析圖，經(jīng)過(guò)小組成員認(rèn)真討論、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)分析，確認(rèn)小導(dǎo)管注漿質(zhì)量缺陷的主要原因是：a、操作不熟練；b、漿液水灰比難控制；c、注漿終壓難控制；d、注漿孔布置及鉆眼不規(guī)范4)制定對(duì)策針對(duì)影響小導(dǎo)管注漿質(zhì)量的四大主因，我們研究制定了對(duì)策，并分工負(fù)責(zé)，見(jiàn)下表：對(duì)策實(shí)施表序號(hào)主因目標(biāo)對(duì)策完成 時(shí)間負(fù)責(zé)人1操作不熟練提高職工的業(yè)務(wù)技能，逐步積累施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)職工的業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)，開(kāi)辦施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流

8、課。06.6.18趙宇2漿液水灰比難控制及時(shí)調(diào)整水灰比，確保裂隙充滿(mǎn)漿液。每次注漿前對(duì)圍巖裂隙進(jìn)行觀察，及時(shí)調(diào)整水灰比。06.7.8周洪彬湯文爽3注漿終壓難控制確保每個(gè)注漿孔的注漿壓力滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。根據(jù)巖性、施工條件及水壓等因素現(xiàn)場(chǎng)確定。06.7.8李丹陽(yáng)趙春杰4注漿孔布置及鉆眼不規(guī)范確保注漿孔位置、孔深滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。每排注漿孔由技術(shù)人員測(cè)量布眼，成孔后逐一進(jìn)行檢查。06.6.25李棟政王安銘2、實(shí)施階段(D)實(shí)施一：針對(duì)小導(dǎo)管施工工藝，項(xiàng)目部技術(shù)人員對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)人員、值班員進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)，并定期組織現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)人員召開(kāi)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流課，讓作業(yè)人員熟悉小導(dǎo)管的施工工藝?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工過(guò)程中，項(xiàng)目部技術(shù)人員全程值班

9、，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，逐步積累施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)。實(shí)施二：對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)陳舊的、不滿(mǎn)足施工工藝要求的機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行更換，確?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)的機(jī)械設(shè)備滿(mǎn)足施工工藝要求。實(shí)施三：嚴(yán)把原材料關(guān)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的原材料嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后方可使用，杜絕不合格材料進(jìn)入施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。實(shí)施四：每排注漿孔均由測(cè)量人員放線布眼，在鉆孔過(guò)程中嚴(yán)格控制小導(dǎo)管外插角及孔深。鉆眼完成后必須經(jīng)質(zhì)檢人員檢查確認(rèn)鉆孔外插角、孔深、孔距滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)及規(guī)范要求后方可送入小導(dǎo)管注漿，若不合格必須進(jìn)行返工。實(shí)施五：注漿過(guò)程中，合理的選擇與控制注漿壓力，選用合宜的漿液，適時(shí)的變換漿液配合比，并使它們質(zhì)檢很好的配合，是保證注漿質(zhì)量的重要因素。每次注漿前由技術(shù)

10、人員對(duì)掌子面圍巖情況進(jìn)行觀察，根據(jù)掌子面圍巖裂隙、水量大小等情況來(lái)確定注漿壓力的大小。注漿過(guò)程采用一次升壓法，在一開(kāi)始就在短時(shí)間內(nèi)將壓力升到確定的注漿壓力，并一直保持到注漿結(jié)束。在此壓力下，漿液由稀到濃，首先將較細(xì)的裂隙充填壓好，而后將中等或較大的裂隙壓注密實(shí)。漿液濃度的變換是在同一濃度下注漿持續(xù)一段時(shí)間后，吸漿量無(wú)顯著改變時(shí)，即加濃一級(jí)，若加濃后吸漿量突減時(shí)，說(shuō)明濃度變換不當(dāng)，立即換回原來(lái)濃度。3、檢查階段(C)效果一：通過(guò)認(rèn)真執(zhí)行對(duì)策后，我們?cè)僖淮螌?duì)超前小導(dǎo)管施工質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢查，其檢查結(jié)果如下：序號(hào)質(zhì)量因素檢測(cè)次數(shù)不合格次數(shù)合格次數(shù)單項(xiàng)合格率%備注1注漿壓力60357952漿液配合比6065

11、4903孔位布置110810292.7累計(jì)2301721392.6平均效果二：提高了小導(dǎo)管注漿的施工質(zhì)量后，確保了超前支護(hù)的施工質(zhì)量，有效控制了隧道的超挖情況，并確保了施工安全。目前漢邑村隧道進(jìn)、出口洞口淺埋、破碎段均已順利穿越。4、總結(jié)階段（A）通過(guò)開(kāi)展QC攻關(guān)活動(dòng)，將理論與實(shí)踐有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)，得出以下結(jié)論：1)超前支護(hù)是隧道施工的關(guān)鍵，超前支護(hù)的質(zhì)量得到保證可以有效的控制隧道超挖，并確保施工安全。2)小導(dǎo)管注漿是一個(gè)完整的施工工藝，每道工序環(huán)環(huán)相扣，相輔相成。3) 通過(guò)開(kāi)展本次QC攻關(guān)活動(dòng)，施工隊(duì)伍的素質(zhì)、施工技術(shù)水平、管理水平均得到了明顯的提高。六、下一步打算在今后小導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)施工過(guò)程

12、中，繼續(xù)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不斷總結(jié)，嚴(yán)格控制超前小導(dǎo)管的施工質(zhì)量，確保漢邑村隧道軟弱圍巖段、斷層破碎帶、淺埋段順利穿越。9Electricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy w

13、iring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing v

14、alve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequenc

15、es caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area

16、of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay atte

17、ntion to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of in

18、spections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timel

19、y manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of

20、maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safe

21、ty management system organization activities between teachers and students, to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in c