高中英語動詞不定式課件

1、2021/3/912021/3/92To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補一、用法一、用法2021/3/931.

2、作主語作主語2)2)用用it it作形式主語用不定式作形式主語用不定式 (It + be + adj. / n. + to do sth)3)3)例外：例外： It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it. 1) 1)常用動名詞常用動名詞Learning English is very important.Learning English is very important.It is important to learn English.2021/3/942. 作賓語作賓語1) v+只跟只跟

3、to dolearn/agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/decide/ refuse/ fail/ manage 2021/3/952)v+只跟doingfinish/complete / enjoy/ mind/ practise/ consider/ suggest/advise/ miss/ avoid/ admit/ deny/ permit/ allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delaykeep(on)/ give up/ insist on

4、 /succeed in/feel like / put off/ be worth/ be used to /look forward to 但是advise/ allow/ permit/forbid/ admit/consider sb to do sthHe advised going on a trip to Guangzhou.He advised us to go on a trip to Guangzhou.2021/3/963)V+to do/doing 區(qū)別不大。 begin /start /like/love/hate/dislike4)v+to do/doing 區(qū)別很

5、大區(qū)別很大 forget /remember/stop /go on regret/ try/mean/cant help need/want/requiretry to dotry doingregret to doregret doingmean tomean doingcant help (to) docant help doing2021/3/97need/want/requiresth need/ want/ require doing= sth need/ want/ require to be done某事需要被做某事需要被做2021/3/983. 賓語補足語：賓語補足語：1）a

6、sk 類（類（v+sb to do sth）want / wish / order/ like /would like / help force /allow / permit /forbid / advise/ consider 2021/3/992）感官動詞類（）感官動詞類（V + sb. + do sth.）see/ hear/ notice/ find/ watch/ look at/ hear/listen to/ feel/ smellI often hear them sing the song in the next room .We watched them play foo

7、tball .The teacher made me answer the question.但這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，省去的但這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，省去的to要加上。要加上。They were heard to sing a pop song.He was made to answer the question.3）使役動詞類）使役動詞類（V + sb. + do sth.）make/ let / have2021/3/9101.He was made _. go B. gone C. going D. to go 2.Though he had often made his little

8、 sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. cry；to cry B. crying；crying cry；cry D. to cry；cry 2021/3/911注意注意 B. 動詞不定式的否定式只須在動詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.2021/3/912注意注意C. 帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to 前加疑問詞前加疑問詞。Mr.Lin wi

9、ll teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?2021/3/913注意注意D. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常省去動詞不定式常常省去to 后面后面的動詞，的動詞，只只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to y

10、our party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。2021/3/9144. 作表語作表語doing 表習(xí)慣性動作；表習(xí)慣性動作；to do表將來一次性性動作表將來一次性性動作My wish is to become a scientist.My job is teaching you English.2021/3/9155. 作狀語作狀語不定式：作目的、結(jié)果（不定式：作目的、結(jié)果（only之后）和原因（之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）之后）分詞：作時間、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果和原因（句首）分詞：作時間、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果和原因（句首）不定式作目的狀語不定式作目

11、的狀語：不定式用作目的狀語時，其句：不定式用作目的狀語時，其句意特點很明顯，通常在譯成中文時可用意特點很明顯，通常在譯成中文時可用“為了為了”來來表示。表示。 To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. Doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man. 2021/3/916不定式作結(jié)果狀語only

12、 to, enough to ,too to, never toThat tool is too heavy to lift directly The temperature is high enough to change water into steam He went home, only to find the door open and everything was gone.He left, never to come back. 2021/3/917（2005.福建卷）福建卷）Can the project be finished as planned? Sure,_ it co

13、mpleted in time ,well work two more hours a day. A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get （2005.廣東卷）廣東卷）He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found （2005.重慶重慶卷）卷）Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,_ fun. A.

14、had B. have C. to have D. having 2021/3/9186. 作定語作定語to do將來的主動動作，將來的主動動作，to be done表將來的被動動表將來的被動動作（作（句中有邏輯主語時用句中有邏輯主語時用to do，若是不及物動詞，若是不及物動詞，要加介詞要加介詞）I have two books to read.Have you got anything to say?Hes looking for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.I have clothes to wash, and do

15、 you have clothes to be washed?The question to be discussed is very important.2021/3/919不定式與它修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)不定式與它修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且主語是不定式中的動詞所表示動系，且主語是不定式中的動詞所表示動作的邏輯主語或在句中能找到其邏輯主作的邏輯主語或在句中能找到其邏輯主語語。 He has a lot of work to do today Do you have anything more to say 區(qū)別：Are you going to the ball to be hel

16、d on New Years Eve？ 2021/3/9201.Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with2.The assistant works very hard. She is always the first _ and the last _. A. come, leave B. coming, leaving C. to come, to leave D. to come, leav

17、ing 解析：由解析：由only, last, next, 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語。再如：高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語。再如：She is always the first student to arrive at school. 2021/3/921二、動詞不定式的形式二、動詞不定式的形式 一般式：一般式： to do （表將來）（表將來）一般被動式：一般被動式：to be done進(jìn)行式：進(jìn)行式： to be doing（表正在進(jìn)行）（表正在進(jìn)行）完成式：完成式： to have done（表已經(jīng)完成）（表已經(jīng)完成）完成被動式：完成被動式： to

18、have been done否定式否定式: not to do2021/3/922動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。2021/3/923.進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. He pretended to be

19、 reading English when the teacher entered.如果謂語表示的動作如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正定式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行。在進(jìn)行。動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)2021/3/924動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài).完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果謂語表示如果謂語表示的動作發(fā)生在的動作發(fā)生在不定式

20、之前。不定式之前。2021/3/925I opened the door _(enter)the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ _(hold) tomorrow.3. Robert is said_(study)abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.4. I am sorry_(keep) you waiting so long.5. He didnt like _ (laugh).6. He claimed _(badly treat )in the s

21、upper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.7. The teacher told us _(be ) late again.to enterto be heldto have studiedto have keptto be laughed atto have been badly treatednot to be2021/3/926三、疑問詞三、疑問詞+動詞不定式動詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。用作主語、賓語等。When to start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can

22、 tell you where to get the book.I dont know how to do it.2021/3/927四、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：四、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, carelessIt is very important for us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such

23、a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.It was careless of him to make such a mistake.2021/3/928達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)1.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given. Im afraid itll be very hard for you _ (adapt) this story for children. After _ (think) everything over, she decided _ (not res

24、ign) her post. Youd better not get _ (annoy) at his ignorance. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems _(go) on smoothly.to adaptthinkingnot to resignannoyedto be going2021/3/9295. It might be better _ (try) _ (discuss) in his own language as he isnt used to _(speak) in English yet.6. _(see)

25、 from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful.7. If you couldnt get anything _ (open) the beer bottle with, why not _ (try) _(open) it with your teeth.8. When I open the door I noticed someone _(sit) by her side _(talk) with her.to try discussingspeakingSeento opentryopeningsittingtalking2021/3/9309. He ran all the way to the station only _ (f