短文改錯(cuò)解題指導(dǎo)

1、短文改錯(cuò)是短文改錯(cuò)是集語(yǔ)法知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言技能為一體集語(yǔ)法知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言技能為一體的綜合性英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題的綜合性英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題，旨在考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)，旨在考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤的能力。并糾正語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤的能力。錯(cuò)誤的類型錯(cuò)誤的類型包括包括詞法、句法和行文邏輯等，詞法、句法和行文邏輯等，錯(cuò)誤的形式錯(cuò)誤的形式分分別為缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞別為缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞?！窘忸}技巧解題技巧】一、改前通讀全文，了解短文大意，一、改前通讀全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯等時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯等。這一步很關(guān)鍵，切忌。這一步很關(guān)鍵，切忌拿來(lái)就改。拿來(lái)就改。二、改中分句細(xì)讀，二、改中分句細(xì)讀，逐句找錯(cuò)，尤其注意語(yǔ)法和逐

2、句找錯(cuò)，尤其注意語(yǔ)法和詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤。一定要仔細(xì)閱讀每一個(gè)句子，。一定要仔細(xì)閱讀每一個(gè)句子，因?yàn)橹挥姓驹谕暾渥拥慕嵌?，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的因?yàn)橹挥姓驹谕暾渥拥慕嵌?，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。三、三、改后將答案放回原文并重讀全文改后將答案放回原文并重讀全文，其目的主，其目的主要是檢查答案是否符合邏輯或英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。改后查要是檢查答案是否符合邏輯或英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。改后查讀往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在細(xì)讀中不曾發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題或做讀往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在細(xì)讀中不曾發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題或做出的出的誤改誤改?！緫?yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略】做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，同學(xué)們尤其要注意以下幾做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，同學(xué)們尤其要注意以下幾種情況：種情況：1. 看到看到平行結(jié)

3、構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要檢查是否時(shí)，要檢查是否有用詞不有用詞不一致一致或或成分缺失成分缺失而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)誤；誤；2. 看到看到轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要檢等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要檢查是否有查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤；3. 看到看到多重結(jié)構(gòu)多重結(jié)構(gòu)句時(shí)，要檢查是否有句時(shí)，要檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞或成分殘缺語(yǔ)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞或成分殘缺等錯(cuò)誤；等錯(cuò)誤；4. 看到看到名詞、代詞名詞、代詞時(shí)，要檢查是否有時(shí)，要檢查是否有數(shù)、數(shù)、格或指代不一致格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤；的錯(cuò)誤；5. 看到看到固定短語(yǔ)、詞組固定短語(yǔ)、詞組時(shí)，要檢查時(shí)，要檢查副詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞介

4、詞、冠詞等是否錯(cuò)誤或缺失。等是否錯(cuò)誤或缺失。【考點(diǎn)匯總考點(diǎn)匯總】短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)雖然涉及面廣、綜合性強(qiáng)，短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)雖然涉及面廣、綜合性強(qiáng)，但是有一定的規(guī)律性但是有一定的規(guī)律性。一、一、冠詞。主要考查冠詞表示泛指、特指的冠詞。主要考查冠詞表示泛指、特指的用法等用法等。1. There are all kinds of the flowers . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II）【解析解析】本句中用本句中用flower的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示種的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示種類，其前不用冠詞，故應(yīng)將類，其前不用冠詞，故應(yīng)將the去掉去掉。2. The person who found a ticket smile

5、d with pleasure at his success. （2014浙江浙江卷）卷） 【解析解析】這里是指找到了上文中提到的那這里是指找到了上文中提到的那位乘客丟失的車票，是位乘客丟失的車票，是特指，故應(yīng)將特指，故應(yīng)將a改改為為the。二、二、名詞。主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞名詞。主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞辨析、可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等辨析、可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等。1. . for all these year . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷卷I） 【解析解析】these修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將故應(yīng)將year改為改為years。2. . we can do rea

6、ding for one and a half hour . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】one and a half修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將hour改為改為hours。三、三、動(dòng)詞。主要考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞。主要考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、用法等用法等。1. We didnt need to do . （2014新課標(biāo)全新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】本篇講的是作者心目中的理想學(xué)本篇講的是作者心目中的理想學(xué)校，校，通篇都用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通篇都用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將didnt改為改為dont。2. I had noti

7、ced that the carriage . （2014浙江卷）浙江卷） 【解析解析】本篇講述了作者乘火車的一次本篇講述了作者乘火車的一次經(jīng)歷。經(jīng)歷。事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故應(yīng)將時(shí)，故應(yīng)將had去掉去掉。3. . were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. （2014遼寧卷）遼寧卷） 【解析解析】bother為及物動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，可以直接，可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)將其后的接賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)將其后的to去掉。去掉。四、四、形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞。主要考查形容詞和副。主要考查形容詞和副詞的詞的詞性辨析、詞義

8、辨析、比較級(jí)和最高詞性辨析、詞義辨析、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)、動(dòng)詞級(jí)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式的形容詞形式的形容詞辨析辨析等。等。1. . the plants are growing somewhere. （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 【解析解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指植物長(zhǎng)得植物長(zhǎng)得“到處都是到處都是”。somewhere表示表示“在某在某處處”，everywhere表示表示“到處到處”，故應(yīng)，故應(yīng)將將somewhere改為改為everywhere。2. There are so much that we often share them with o

9、ur neighbors. （2014新課標(biāo)全新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷國(guó)卷I） 【解析解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指有根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指有“很多的很多的”圣女果，圣女果，much后省略了后省略了cherry tomatoes。因?yàn)樾揎椏蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)要用因?yàn)樾揎椏蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)要用many，故應(yīng)將故應(yīng)將much改為改為many。3. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)應(yīng)為形容表語(yǔ)應(yīng)為形容詞詞，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將helpfully改為改為helpful。五、五、代

10、詞代詞。主要考查各類。主要考查各類代詞的用法及其代詞的用法及其誤加與漏用誤加與漏用。1. . the ticket . under a seat several rows from his owner. （2014浙江卷）浙江卷） 【解析解析】這里是想用這里是想用his owner指代指代the tickets owner。由于。由于the ticket是物，指是物，指代物的所有格應(yīng)用代物的所有格應(yīng)用its，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將his改為改為its。2. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill . （2014遼寧卷）遼寧卷） 【解析解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，根據(jù)語(yǔ)

11、境可知，作者在抱怨對(duì)作者在抱怨對(duì)方的狗叫聲給自己帶來(lái)的困擾，所以這方的狗叫聲給自己帶來(lái)的困擾，所以這里道歉的應(yīng)該是對(duì)方，故應(yīng)將里道歉的應(yīng)該是對(duì)方，故應(yīng)將our改為改為your。六、六、介詞介詞。主要考查介詞的意義和用法。主要考查介詞的意義和用法等。等。1. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】表示目的或功能時(shí)應(yīng)用介詞表示目的或功能時(shí)應(yīng)用介詞for，故將故將with改為改為for。2. . and shot their arrows on the bird.（2

12、014陜西卷）陜西卷） 【解析解析】表示表示“朝朝射箭射箭/射擊射擊”時(shí)，時(shí)，應(yīng)應(yīng)用介詞用介詞at，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將on改為改為at。七、七、連詞連詞。主要從。主要從邏輯關(guān)系角度考查連詞邏輯關(guān)系角度考查連詞的誤用的誤用，或從，或從成分缺失的角度考查連詞的成分缺失的角度考查連詞的漏用漏用。1. Although we allow tomato plants . but we have never . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 【解析解析】表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，although和和but不同時(shí)使用，故應(yīng)將此處的不同時(shí)使用，故應(yīng)將此處的but去掉去掉。也。也可將可將but改為改

13、為yet，yet在此作副詞，可與在此作副詞，可與Although連用。連用。2. A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. （2014浙浙江卷）江卷） 【解析解析】“找不到車票找不到車票”和和“變得很沮喪變得很沮喪”之間應(yīng)為順接關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將之間應(yīng)為順接關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將but改為改為and。八、八、從句的引導(dǎo)詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞。主要考查。主要考查從句引導(dǎo)詞從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用的誤用。If you notice that when someone is missing . （2014四川卷）四川卷）【解析解析

14、】notice后的賓語(yǔ)從句成分和意義都后的賓語(yǔ)從句成分和意義都完整，用完整，用that引導(dǎo)即可，故應(yīng)將引導(dǎo)即可，故應(yīng)將when去掉去掉。九、九、主謂一致主謂一致。主要考查。主要考查主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上的一致性和數(shù)上的一致性。1. My dream school look like a big garden. （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】本句的主語(yǔ)本句的主語(yǔ)My dream school是是單數(shù)形式單數(shù)形式，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，式，故應(yīng)將故應(yīng)將look改為改為looks。2. The early morning b

15、arking have been disturbing us as we . （2014遼寧卷）遼寧卷） 【解析解析】本句中的本句中的barking是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將have改為改為has。十、十、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主要考查。主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞詞-ing形式以及過(guò)去分詞的用法形式以及過(guò)去分詞的用法。1. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. （2014遼寧遼寧卷）卷）【解析解析】I

16、t is difficult后接動(dòng)詞的不定式形式，后接動(dòng)詞的不定式形式，故應(yīng)將故應(yīng)將understanding改為改為understand。2. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. （2014陜西卷）陜西卷）【解析解析】want后接動(dòng)詞的不定式形式作賓語(yǔ)，后接動(dòng)詞的不定式形式作賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)在故應(yīng)在teach前加前加to。3. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. （2014陜西卷）陜西卷） 【解析解析】動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)形

17、式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。在本句中，。在本句中，“吃吃燒烤燒烤”是是“我們坐在火邊我們坐在火邊”的伴隨動(dòng)作，的伴隨動(dòng)作，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故應(yīng)將兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故應(yīng)將have改為改為having。4. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain . （2014四川卷）四川卷） 【解析解析】本句用本句用and連接兩個(gè)分句連接兩個(gè)分句，其，其前的前的分句為祈使句，其后的分句也應(yīng)為祈使句，分句為祈使句，其后的分句也應(yīng)為祈使句，而不應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞而不應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故應(yīng)將形式，故應(yīng)將trying改為改為t

18、ry。十一、十一、固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法。固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法。1. . and with the help by our father . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 【解析解析】with the help of sb.是固定搭配是固定搭配，表示表示“在在的幫助下的幫助下”，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將by改為改為of。2. As result . （2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 【解析解析】as a result是固定搭配，表示是固定搭配，表示“因因此此”，故應(yīng)在，故應(yīng)在result前加前加a。3. They are three lessons in the morning . （2014

19、新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 【解析解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指每天上根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指每天上午有三節(jié)課。午有三節(jié)課。表示表示“有有”時(shí)，往往用時(shí)，往往用there be句型，故應(yīng)將句型，故應(yīng)將They改為改為T(mén)here。4. If we could show concern to others on need . （2014浙江卷）浙江卷） 【解析解析】表示表示“處于困難中，有需要處于困難中，有需要”時(shí)，時(shí)，用固定搭配用固定搭配in need，故應(yīng)將，故應(yīng)將on改為改為in。 很多東西看似復(fù)雜，但是只要找到其中的很多東西看似復(fù)雜，但是只要找到其中的規(guī)律就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)還是很容易的。短文改規(guī)律就

20、會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)還是很容易的。短文改錯(cuò)亦是如此。相信同學(xué)們認(rèn)真讀完這篇備錯(cuò)亦是如此。相信同學(xué)們認(rèn)真讀完這篇備考指南后定能更快更準(zhǔn)地解答這一題型。考指南后定能更快更準(zhǔn)地解答這一題型。文中共有文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出

21、修改后的詞。注意：出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改只允許修改10處，多者（第處，多者（第11處處起）不計(jì)分。起）不計(jì)分。A My uncle absolute hated his wifes cat and decided to get rid of him one day by driving him 20 block from his home and leaving him at the park. As she was getting home, the cat was walking up the driveway.

22、 The next day he decides to drive the cat 40 blocks away. He put the cat out and headed home. Drive back up his driveway, there was the cat! At the last he decided to drive far away until he reached that he thought was a safe distance from his home and left the cat there. Hours late he called his wi

23、fe, “Jen, is the cat there?” “No,” his wife answered. Then he said, “Put him on the phone. I lost way and need directions!” Keys：1. absolute absolutely 2. block blocks 3. she he 4. decides decided 5. Drive Driving 6. (At the last) 去掉去掉the 7. (he reached that he) that what 8. late later 9. No Yes 10.

24、 way前加前加myB I can never forget the day then I went to have a piano test. Unluckily, an examiner who appeared rather serious and strict was sitting in the room. Known that many students had failed the test, I felt too nervous that I wondered whether I could pass it. Then it was my turns and my heart

25、almost skipped a beat. However, when entering the room, it suddenly occurs to me that I could take this as a rare and precious chance to challenge me. Very to my surprise, the teacher, satisfying with my performance, gave me high marks. Whatever we face with, we should try our best to handle it. Onl

26、y doing this can we succeed in the end.Keys：1. then when或去掉或去掉then 2. Known Knowing 3. too so 4. turns turn 5. occurs occurred 6. (to challenge me) me myself 7. Very Much 8. satisfying satisfied 9. (we face with) 去掉去掉with 10. Only后加后加byC Is online reading good to us? Opinions differ. Defenders insis

27、t online reading can arouse students interests in reading. Also, the Internet offers much wide choices than paper books. Critics, thus, hold the opposite opinions. They say though online reading has been making more interesting by cartoons or pictures, this is not really reading. Whats more, many ma

28、terials that are offered on the Internet does no good to young readers. Finally, exposed to the computer screen for long harms our eyes. I think parents should choose proper books for you and I also suggest parents to help us form the habit of critical reading.Keys：1. to for 2. interests interest 3.

29、 wide wider 4. thus however 5. making made 6. really real 7. does do 8. exposed前加前加being 9. (books for you) you us 10. . suggest parents to . 去掉去掉to或或 to should或或suggest adviseD This morning, I go to the store near my home to do some shopping. I gave a violently cough while I was walking down the pa

30、ssage. The woman standing next to me was so shocking that she consequently dropped a jar of oil. For that very moment, a girl was walking by. She slipped on the oil, fell onto the broke glass and hit her head on the floor. After a while, there were blood pour down her face. I felt really guilty and

31、sent the girl to the nearest hospital without the delay. The doctor examined her wound carefully. To my relief, it was not serious. The girl had a little smile on her face before the doctor dressed wound.Keys：1. go went 2. violently violent 3. shocking shocked 4. For At 5. broke broken 6. were was 7

32、. pour pouring 8. (without the delay) 去掉去掉the 9. before after 10. wound 前加前加the或或 herE Can you imagine wear a pretty sweater made of garbage? It could not happen! A few companies across the country are making clothes from things those are thrown away by people. For example, the company makes sweater

33、s from old plastic bottles. First, the bottles are cut into small piece. The pieces are melted. Then the melting plastic is made into long and thin threads. The threads are used to making sweaters which are very soft and light. Believe it not, these sweaters sell well in spite of the fact that they

34、are not expensive at all. Many people think that these recycled clothes can help us cut up on garbage.Keys: 1. wear wearing 2. 去掉去掉not 3. those that / which 4. (the company makes) the a 5. piece pieces 6. melting melted 7. making make 8. (Believe it not) not前加前加or 9. expensive cheap 10. up downF Onc

35、e Rabbit declared loudly that he was the fastest. Thinking what Rabbit was too proud, Frog was annoying and decided to teach him a lesson. He challenged Rabbit for a race through some thick grass down to the town pond. Rabbit disagreed. On the day of the race, Frog played with a trick. Many of his frog friends hid in the thick grass, one big jump apart from one another. Rabbit ran as faster as he could through the grass, and no matter how fast he ran, Frog was always one jump ahead of him. By the time Rabbit got to a pond, he was running fast to stop. He fell right into the pond, just as Fr