知識點語法匯總

1、(牛津初中英語總復習) 8B Unit 3一.【精選詞匯】重點短語1. I have no idea.Ive no idea.I dont know.我不知道。 (p40)2. turn on the TV turn on/off打開/關閉，turn up/down調大/調低；都是“動詞副詞”。3. change the channel換臺on Channel在臺，e.g. on CCTV-5拓展：the English Channel英吉利海峽4. different uses of computers計算機的不同用途：draw and design, play computer games

2、, search for information, send and receive e-mails收發(fā)電子郵件, do word processing進行文字處理, write computer programs編寫計算機程序 (p41)5. travel around the world in eight hours八小時環(huán)游地球，educational CD-ROM教育軟件 (p42)6. come out (書等)出版，發(fā)行，發(fā)表，不能用于被動語態(tài)，可以轉化為be published。知識鏈接When will her new novel come out?When will her

3、new novel be published?用法拓展(太陽、月亮或星星)出現；露出，e.g. The rained stopped and the sun came out. (花朵)開放；(草)出芽，e.g. In March flowers and grass come out.7. learn English and geography at the same time同時學英語和地理at the same time同時知識鏈接learn and play at the same time邊學邊玩8. the main character主角play the main characte

4、r ofplay the lead role of知識鏈接play the role扮演，the best actor最佳男主角，the best actress最佳女主角9. have/get itchy feet渴望旅行，e.g. She has gone to Australiashe has always had itchy feet.10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43)知識鏈接by介詞，通過某種方法、手段，后接名詞或動詞-ing。He m

5、ade a living by selling flowers. You can know more about the news by reading todays newspaper. have a knowledge of有某方面的知識，e.g. He has a wide knowledge of painting.他在繪畫方面知識淵博。Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。11. one of the best on the market市面上最暢銷的一種12. choose one icon in the menu在菜單里選擇一個圖標，click on it for

6、more details點擊它以了解詳情click on點擊，left double-click on左鍵雙擊13. open my new e-dictionary on my computer打開我電腦上的新電子詞典(p48)知識鏈接“打開”電腦的軟件用open不用turn on。用法拓展英漢詞典an English-Chinese dictionary，漢英詞典a Chinese-English dictionary查字典：look up a word in a dictionary或look a word up in a dictionary14. restart the comput

7、er重新啟動電腦 start vt.啟動；開始 restart重新啟動知識鏈接re部分動詞再，e.g. rebuild重建，reuse循環(huán)使用，retell復述用法拓展set offstart off出發(fā)；動身，set about doing sth開始做某事，著手做某事15. check the settings檢查設置，double-click on the “auto-run” icon雙擊“自動運行”圖標，double-click on the icon for “Tour” double-click on theicondouble-click on the icon for雙擊圖標

8、，put in the CD-ROM插入光盤16. connect the keyboard to the computer properly正確地連接鍵盤和電腦知識鏈接connect A to B連接A和B be connected to與連接 proper adj.正確的properly17. grow an inch長一英寸，grow to six feet long長到六英尺長 A foot is equal to 12 inches.18. daily Englisheveryday English日常英語daily newspaper日報，Xinhua Daily新華日報19. g

9、o on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亞和新西蘭短期旅行 (p52)20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic被藏在北極的某個地方be hidden地點，被藏在21. the treasure box百寶箱treasure hunt尋寶 (p55)詞匯解析1. online adj.聯(lián)網的；在線的e.g. chat online網上聊天，order a package online網上訂購一套2. reach vt.到達get toarrive at/in 達到，e.g. reach 18 yea

10、rs old年滿18歲 The child isnt tall enough to reach the snacks on the table. reach out a hand伸出一只手3. correctly adv.正確地correct adj.正確的incorrectincorrectly vt.改正；修正，e.g. correct a mistake改正錯誤 correct正確的wrong錯誤的，in the correct order按正確順序4. educate v.教育education n.教育educational adj.教育的，e.g. educate oneself自

11、修；培養(yǎng) be educated at school在學校里受教育 have a good education受到良好教育5. knowledge n.知識know vt.知道be known to sb為某人所知，be well known/famous for因而出名，be known as作為而出名，e.g. Samuel Clemens, who was known as Mark Twain, was a famous American writer. 塞繆斯克萊門斯，以馬克吐溫知名，是美國名作家。6. point n.分數 e.g. get 100 points得100分 n.小數

12、點 e.g. 1.732讀作one point seven three two v.指 e.g. point out指出，point at/to指向7. regards(用于信函的結尾或轉達問候)致意；問候regard sb as把某人視為8. company簡寫作Co.，e.g.有限公司company limitedCo., Lducer制作人；制造商。9. 使用計算機Office word常用短語：create a file創(chuàng)建文檔，keep/save the file for future use保存該文檔以備用?！笆瞻l(fā)電子郵件”send and receive e-mail

13、s需要“電子信箱”e-mail address。10. control n.(鍵盤上的)控制鍵 vt.控制 e.g. The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer.交通信號燈由中心計算機控制。This knob controls the volume.此旋鈕調節(jié)音量。二.【重點句型】1. What do you use your computer for? I usually use it to search for information. (p41)知識鏈接Whatfor?Why?為什么? e.g. What did you

14、 do that for?Why did you do that?2. It sounds interesting, doesnt it? “陳述句附加疑問？”構成反意疑問句。 (p42)附加疑問即“助動詞或助動詞的否定式縮寫主語或there”；附加疑問部分的助動詞必須與陳述句保持一致，主語必須是人稱代詞或there，并與陳述句主語的單復數保持一致。前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答語的英漢差異。反意疑問句的答語為“Yes, 主語助動詞.”或“No, 主語助動詞的否定式”。 e.g. Simon didnt take part in the football match,

15、 did he? Yes, he did. Though he wasnt feeling well. 西蒙沒有參加足球賽，是嗎？不，他參加了。盡管他當時不舒服。3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天，他躺在草地上，看著美麗的藍天，不知不覺間睡著了，并做了個奇怪的夢。lie 躺lieslyinglaylain 說謊lieslyingliedlied 位于lieslyinglied

16、lied知識鏈接lie意思是“躺”，常用于lie down躺下，find sb/sth lying地點 She found a purse lying on the ground. I found a homeless man lying at the street corner. fall asleep睡著，e.g. He fell asleep when he was watching TV. have/dream adream做了一個的夢，e.g. have/dream a strange dream用法拓展lie 說謊，e.g. You could see from his face

17、that he was lying. tell a lie說謊位于，e.g. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. every time陳述句，每當，引導時間狀語從句。知識鏈接get a point得一分，answer a question correctly答對一題5. When you have got e

18、nough points, a cloud will come down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before. you have never visited before是省略關系代詞that/which的定語從句。知識鏈接have got enough points獲得足夠的點數，carry you off to把你帶到6. Are you ready? Lets go！準備好了嗎？出發(fā)！7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about th

19、e Museum of London and many other interesting places. learn about了解 many other名詞復數，其他許多 (p43)8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world. pass a level過一關知識鏈接Every time陳述句，每當 a map of the world世界地圖 a map of China9. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple. 你到過的地方都標上

20、了明亮的紫色。10. Get it now before it is sold out. sell out售完，be sold out被售完，sell well好賣(不用被動)知識鏈接Have you got a size M? Sorry, they are all sold out. They sell well.11. Ive bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but Ive found none of them to be any good.知識鏈接find none of them to be any good沒發(fā)現一個好的12. How

21、 can your teacher read your homework on the computer? I can send him e-mails or print it out. read your homework批閱作業(yè)，send sb e-mails給某人發(fā)電子郵件 (p46)知識鏈接on the computer在電腦上，on the screen，on TV，on the Internet(在因特網上)13. Do you have a new printer, too? Yes, and it prints very quickly. 該句的print不用被動。14. My

22、 new computer is much faster than the old one. I can type very easily, and the keyboard is very comfortable. 15. Weve got many kinds of personal computers. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially for students. personal computer個人電腦，簡寫作PC。 (p48)知識鏈接Kiwi (informal)a person from Ne

23、w Zealand新西蘭人幾維鳥，新西蘭鳥，喙長、翼短、無尾、不能飛kiwi fruit獼猴桃；奇異果 be designed especially for students特別為學生而設計16. Is it used widely? Of course, very widely in Beijing. be widely used被廣泛使用知識鏈接English is widely used as the second language in many countries. (be widely as被廣泛用作)17. When a total of ten questions are an

24、swered incorrectly, the princess will become bald. (p51)知識鏈接total n.總數，總和e.g. You got 47 points on the written exam and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.你筆試得了47分，口試得了18分，總分65分。Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.在總共15場比賽中，他們只勝了2場。become bald禿頂become形容詞18. The questions get more difficult

25、 as you go to higher levels.當你到更高的級別，問題就更難了。知識鏈接as連詞，當時，隨著。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain.19. She will help you when necessary.必要時她會幫助你。if necessary如果有必要 (p52)20. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and

26、money. 這一課程涉及許多主題，包括旅游、飯店、購物和錢幣。 (p53)知識鏈接coverinclude包括；涉及 including介詞，包括在內，e.g. His talk covered/included the history between the two World Wars. The package includes/covers a book and two CD-ROMs. There were ten students left in the classroom, including Tom.21. Can you show me how to start this o

27、nline tour of Australia, please? 你能告訴我如何開啟這個澳大利亞的在線之旅嗎？ how to start是“疑問詞動詞不定式”。22. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告訴如何使用這個功能？知識鏈接mind介意，表示請求允許或客氣地請人做事。注意以下兩種表達的不同：Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事嗎？表示請求對方的允許，答語為Of course not. Certainly no

28、t.或Youd better not. Better not.Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事嗎？表示客氣地請人做事。Do you mind my opening the window?Do you mind if I open the window?我開窗戶好嗎？Would you mind explaining that again, please?請你再解釋一遍行嗎？ 請做題Would you mind ? Im feeling too tired. Of course not. Let me do it.A. to drive B. my drive

29、 C. driving D. my driving23. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon. A worksheet has just appeared on the screen.知識鏈接appear是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。appear出現disappear消失sheet n.床單e.g. change the sheet換床單 一張(通常指標準尺寸的紙) e.g. 500 sheets24. In which countries is the game sold? 這個游戲在哪些國家銷售？ (p55)知識鏈接In which countr

30、ies不能去掉介詞in，e.g. Which city did you go to last summer?25. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box. 當主語是goal等時，用動詞不定式be to do作表語。三.【語法詳解】被動語態(tài)英語中的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者

31、。如：They built a new bridge over the river. (主動) A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被動) Many people speak English. (主動) English is spoken by many people. (被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞構成”，即“bep.p.”，其中助動詞be有人稱、數和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)的基本用法當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時

32、，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be過去分詞構成，時態(tài)通過動詞be表現出來。什么時候使用被動語態(tài)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Some windows were broken last night. This book was published (出版) in 2005. 注意：第句This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。只強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執(zhí)行者。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in Chi

33、na.English is learned all over the world.注意：不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，如：appear, happen, take place等。被動語態(tài)的基本結構動作的承受者be過去分詞其他by動作的執(zhí)行者。 簡寫為“承受者be過去分詞其他by動作的執(zhí)行者”。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：確定主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，它決定著被動語態(tài)中的助動詞be。 找出主動語態(tài)的主、謂、賓。 按照上述句式改寫：承受者 +be+過去分詞+其他by執(zhí)行者常用的被動語態(tài)結構時態(tài)結構時態(tài)結構一般現在時am/is/arep.p. 含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/ bep.p.一般過去

34、時was/werep.p.現在完成時have/has been + p.p.一般將來時will/shall bep.p.am/is/are going to bep.p.現在進行時am/is/are being + p.p.主動改為被動語態(tài)的例子：主動語態(tài)基本結構為主、謂、賓。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are washed every day by his brother.主(執(zhí)行者) 謂 賓(承受者) 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned to

35、morrow by Peter.He must look after the little boy. The little boy must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show. A charity show is being watched by the students.特殊情況的被動語態(tài)簡單句五種基本形式中的其中兩種變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時十分重要：主謂雙賓：這類短語含有介詞to或for。如：give, send, show, buy, makegive sb sthgive sth to sb，buy s

36、b sthbuy sth for sb主動語態(tài)：Amy gave me some nice stickers.Amy gave some nice stickers to me.被動語態(tài)：I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy.主動：A fairy gave the princess a magic wand.A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura. 被動：The princess was given a magic wan

37、d by a fairy.或A magic wand was given to the princess.總結含有雙賓語的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的規(guī)則：可以把任何一個賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語；如果把直接賓語(即物體)作為主語，動詞和直接賓語之間要添加相應的介詞to或for。主動語態(tài)中無論使用give sb sth 還是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改寫，即：give sb sth 或give sth to sb sb be given sth或sth be given to sb，這類含有介詞to或for的短語見下表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)send sb sth或send sth to s

38、bsb be sent sth或sth be sent to sbshow sb sth或show sth to sbsb be shown sth或sth be shown to sbbuy sb sth或buy sth for sbsb be bought sth或sth be bought for sbmake sb sth或make sth for sbsb be made sth或sth be made for sb主謂賓省略to的不定式(即賓補)：使役動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，原來省略的to一定要加上。常見短語make sb do sthsb be made to do sth (主動語

39、態(tài)不含to，被動語態(tài)必須帶to。下同)hear sb do sthsb be heard to do sth see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sth注意特殊例子：let sb do sth sb be let do sth (主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)都不含to。)e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.主動形式表示被動意義：有些不及物動詞(其主語大都指物)的主動語態(tài)可

40、以表示被動意義。某些連系動詞。這些動詞有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。The coffee smells delicious. The story proved quite false. 某些可與well, easily, quickly等副詞連用的不及物動詞。This kind of bikes sells well. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.某些可用于“主謂主補”結構中的不及物動詞。e.g. The bag broke open.動名詞在be worth doing句型中的主動形式表示被動含義。 His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. These stamps are worth collecting. 動名詞在need, want, require等動詞后，主動形式表示被動含義。need doingneed to be doneThe problem requires dealing with immediately. Her bike needed repairing.動詞不定式的主動形式在tooto句型中表示被動含義。The box is too heavy to