高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

1、高中英語主謂一致一）主謂一致的種類1語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意義上一致1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting. 單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, , cattle,等。2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising. 形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以i

2、cs結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用1名詞作主語1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His family is

3、 a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are o

4、ver there. 4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 5）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 6）如果主語有more than one很多 非?；騧any a許多構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More than

5、 one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 7）一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等

6、加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：This kind of men is dang

7、erous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修

8、飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means, 11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1）用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如

9、：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in th

10、e library.）以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代詞作主語1）關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used

11、by man comes from the sun. 2）疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 3）ther, neither單獨(dú)作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如：Do(es)

12、 any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)seen the film.4分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourth

13、s of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量，許多，the number of中心詞是number,謂語用單數(shù)，譯為的數(shù)量A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如

14、：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amou

15、nts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.5名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppress

16、ed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等； The blind study in special schools.The poor live in a undeveleped country6從句作主語1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundre

17、ds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. i

18、sC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three mi

19、llion tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and whea

20、t _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. ar

21、e seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. ar

22、e not preservedB. is not preservedC. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A.

23、is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. Y

24、ou and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted a

25、way25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has

26、 beenC. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30.

27、Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當(dāng)either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3. 解析：選A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會，謂語動

28、詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。5.解析：選C. there be句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。6. 解析：選A. 主語為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。7. 解析：選A. 主語Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8. 解析：選C. 此處mathematics 為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9. 解析：選B. both-and-連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形