常用經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語

1、常用經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) economic indicators社會總產(chǎn)值 total product of society國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita工農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 gross output value of industry and agriculture國民收入 national income購買力平價法 p

2、urchasing power parity財政收入 state revenue社會商品零售總額 total volume of retail sales社會零售物價總指數(shù) general retail price index百分點 percentage points"八五"劃劃 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development計劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市場經(jīng)濟(jì) market eco

3、nomy指令性計劃 mandatory plan指導(dǎo)性計劃 guidance plan市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation建立市場經(jīng)濟(jì)、法制、民主監(jiān)督和廉政"三個機制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好農(nóng)業(yè)、交通能源、教育科技"三個基礎(chǔ)" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and

4、 energy supply, education and science and technology實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生態(tài)環(huán)境和人口素質(zhì)"三個優(yōu)化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三產(chǎn)業(yè) primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy創(chuàng)匯型企業(yè) foreign exchange-earning enterprise勞動密集型 labor

5、 intensive技術(shù)、智力、資本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources生產(chǎn)力 productive forces生產(chǎn)資料 capital goods科研成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化 industrialization of research findings火炬計劃 Torch Plan技術(shù)入股 technology appraised as capital stock風(fēng)險

6、投資 venture investment/capital固定資產(chǎn)投資 investment in fixed assets折舊費 depreciation cost關(guān)系民生的產(chǎn)品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不應(yīng)求 short supply經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 overheated economy抑制炒房地產(chǎn)熱 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏觀調(diào)控 macro-economic control經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿 economic

7、levers產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy財政, 稅收, 信貸，利率, 匯率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 enhance economic performance/returns社會效益 social effect/returns實現(xiàn)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development財政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外貿(mào)出口總額 gross fore

8、ign export value外商直接投資協(xié)議金額 contracted foreign direct investment實際利用外資 foreign investment in actual use三資企業(yè)(中外合資合作、外商獨資經(jīng)營) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允許外商獨資經(jīng)營 allow full foreign equity operation優(yōu)惠條件 confessional terms; favo

9、rable terms減免稅收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出資方式 means of contributing investment合營期限 contract term of a joint venture三來一補 (來料加工,來件裝配,來樣加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)貿(mào)易伙伴 trade partner轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)

10、易 transit trade外貿(mào)順差 foreign trade surplus積極引進(jìn)外來資金、技術(shù)、人才和管理經(jīng)驗 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交鑰匙工程 turn-key project招標(biāo)承包制 bidding invitation contract system招標(biāo)出售技術(shù) bids for technology公開招標(biāo) call for bid; tenders招標(biāo)單 invitation for bid (

11、IFB)標(biāo)書 bidding document 竟標(biāo) competitive bidding投標(biāo) bid for a project投標(biāo)報價書 bid proposals評標(biāo) bid proposal evaluation開標(biāo) bid opening 中標(biāo) win a bid; be awarded a tender拍賣 auction租賃 leasing保稅區(qū) bonded area; free trade area實行全方位開放 practice multi-directional opening統(tǒng)一政策、放開經(jīng)營、平等競爭、 unified policy, liberalized ope

12、ration, and equal competition自負(fù)盈虧、工貿(mào)結(jié)合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知識產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study投資環(huán)境 investment environment跨國公司 transnatio

13、nal coorporation基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 infrastructure20年基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years發(fā)揮技術(shù)窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商項目 project proposals for investment同國際慣例接軌 follow

14、the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一條龍服務(wù) one package service一支筆審批 one-chop approval我們兩市的經(jīng)濟(jì)互補性很強。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有無 equality and mutual benefit, and trad

15、ing of needed goods外引內(nèi)聯(lián) act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持發(fā)展后勁 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development經(jīng)濟(jì)實力 economic capabilities龍頭 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、電通、路通、施工場地平） "three connections and one le

16、veling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶頸 bottleneck以工養(yǎng)農(nóng) use industrial income to finance agriculture以路養(yǎng)路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放審批權(quán) delegate the aut

17、hority to examine and approve to lower levels統(tǒng)而不死，活而不亂 ensure a flexible control良性循環(huán) positive cycle國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理順企業(yè)的產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性虧損 policy-related loss三角債 chain debts上不封頂，下不保底 se

18、t no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企業(yè)“工效掛鉤” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意興隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish質(zhì)量信得過單位 quality trustworthy organization批量生產(chǎn) mass production以銷定產(chǎn) limit production to market ability內(nèi)聯(lián)企業(yè) inland associated enterprises菜籃子工程 shipping bas

19、ket project國產(chǎn)化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project國內(nèi)配套資金 domestic funds向基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)傾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升級換代 upgrading and updating看好經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看漲/跌 antic

20、ipate lower market price/rising price隨行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求發(fā)展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在過渡時期 in a period of transition 粗放/集約經(jīng)營 extensive/intensive operation基礎(chǔ)地位 leading position門類齊全 covering extensive fields存款/貸款余額 the balance of deposits/loans外匯儲備 foreign exchange

21、 reserves貿(mào)易順差 trade surplus完善的市場和發(fā)達(dá)的金融體制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system消滅失業(yè) wipe out unemployment降低過熱的期貨市場，恢復(fù)金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order緊縮銀根 tighten the money supply一位數(shù)水平 one digit level保持雙邊貿(mào)易的平衡 balance the two-way trade這次會議為兩國進(jìn)一步加強持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge en