中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練： 狀語(yǔ)從句（含詳解）

1、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)精講一、狀語(yǔ)從句概述定義狀語(yǔ)從句用作狀語(yǔ)，是起副詞作用的句子。位置狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，時(shí)間、條件、原因和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)。分類根據(jù)其作用可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、讓步、方式和比較等狀語(yǔ)從句。作用它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和整個(gè)句子。二、狀語(yǔ)從句的分類1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用表示時(shí)間的連詞連接一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，具體用法如下表。從句引導(dǎo)詞用法例句when/while/as(當(dāng)時(shí))when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。1

2、1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)她進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我停下吃東西。2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)我住在鄉(xiāng)下的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常帶些水給他。while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同時(shí)發(fā)生)當(dāng)我妻子在讀報(bào)紙的時(shí)

3、候，我在看電視。2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（對(duì)比）我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。as表示“一邊一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后”。1. We always sing as we walk. (一邊一邊)我們總是邊唱邊走。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生）我們剛一出門就開(kāi)始下雪了。before (在之前) before的本意為“在之前”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境

4、還可理解為“就/才”1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前確定所有的燈都關(guān)上。2 2. You cant watch TV before you finish your homework.寫(xiě)完作業(yè)才能看電視。since (自從)表示自過(guò)去的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)時(shí)間到目前(說(shuō)話時(shí)間)為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。1. Its a long time since I met you last. 好久不見(jiàn)。2. Mr. Green has taught in that school si

5、nce he came to China three years ago.自從三年前來(lái)到中國(guó)，Mr. Green就在那所學(xué)校教書(shū)。since可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”)，較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你有時(shí)間，最好能幫我補(bǔ)補(bǔ)數(shù)學(xué)。till/until(直到)主句為肯定式，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到 until / till 從句所表示的時(shí)間為止。1

6、. He waited until/till I returned.他會(huì)等到我回來(lái)。2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back.直到他媽媽回來(lái)，他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。主句為否定式（包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定詞的肯定句）一般先譯從句“直到”，后譯主句，not譯成“才”，即“直到才” 1. He didnt leave until/till he was asleep.直到他睡著，他才離開(kāi)。2. She didnt sleep until/till I returned.她直

7、到我回來(lái)才睡下。2. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從句部分是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果的，通常位于主句之后。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞如下表。引導(dǎo)詞構(gòu)成備注例句sothat（如此以至于）1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that so與表示數(shù)量的代詞many，few，much，little等連用1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.天如此熱以至于我們想去游泳。2. The poor family has so little money that they cant afford the

8、expensive car.這個(gè)家庭有如此少的錢，以至于買不起這昂貴的車。suchthat（如此以至于）such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+thatsuch與a lot of 組成固定搭配，此時(shí)a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配如：such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.他是如此出色的一個(gè)段子手，以至你會(huì)不禁大笑。2. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place t

9、o enjoy our holiday.海濱有如此多的人，以至我們沒(méi)地度假。3. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句：從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的。1). so that 以便（達(dá)到某種目的）如：You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.你要大點(diǎn)聲說(shuō)，這樣大家就都能聽(tīng)到你了。2). in order that 為了，如：She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.=She got up early in order to get to school o

10、n time.為了能夠準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校，她很早起床。4. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句由連接詞if或unless引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞用法例句if(如果)1. 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。（真實(shí)條件句）構(gòu)成：1) 主句：主語(yǔ)+ 一般將來(lái)時(shí)從句：if+主語(yǔ)+ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2) 主句：祈使句從句：主語(yǔ)+ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3) 主句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞從句：if+主語(yǔ)+ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. If you ask him, he will help you.如果你讓他幫忙，他會(huì)幫的。2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam.如果想通過(guò)考試，要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

11、3. I can go with you if you want.如果你想，我可以跟你走。2. if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)；（非真實(shí)條件句）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，構(gòu)成：從句：if+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞均用were)主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我就會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他去派對(duì)。2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果那會(huì)我有錢，我就會(huì)借

12、給你。unless（除非）表示強(qiáng)烈的否定；意思上=if not翻譯為：除非,若不,除非在的時(shí)候；1. You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不努力，就會(huì)失敗。2. Dont come unless I call you.除非我叫你，否則不要來(lái)。as long as(只要就)as long as也表示一種條件，但不是很強(qiáng)烈，是一種假設(shè)的條件。I will be ready to help you as long as you need me.只要你需要，我隨時(shí)可以幫忙。注意：1). unless 從句里的謂語(yǔ)只能是肯定式，因?yàn)閡nless本身表示否定；u

13、nless=if not，如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.如果你不是很累，我們出去散個(gè)步吧。2). 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will.如：If you will(愿意) wait a minute, Ill go and tell my mother that you are here.如果你愿意等一分鐘，我將去告訴我媽媽你在這里。3). 下列從句中的wi

14、ll不是將來(lái)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞，而是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。翻譯為“愿意”，如：If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意讀書(shū)，我就會(huì)借給你。Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁給我嗎？5. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1). 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺(jué)。2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (.) or not, whatever, no matter what/how/why，如

15、：Though they are twin brothers, they dont look like each other.盡管他們是雙胞胎，但看起來(lái)一點(diǎn)都不像。6. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例where（在地方）“where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，（there+）主句” “哪里哪里就”。主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。You should have put the book where you found it.你應(yīng)該把書(shū)放回原處。wherever（無(wú)論在

16、哪）anywhere/wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句+主句。anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞，但是?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相當(dāng)于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處”。Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman.無(wú)論海在何處，你都能找到海員。Ill go anywhere you go.我會(huì)跟你去任何地方。7. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as（既然）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶。說(shuō)明“雙方已知的原因”，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活（常放

17、于主句之前）。As the weather is cold, I stay at home.既然天很冷，我還是待在家里吧。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然碗面下著雨，你最好打個(gè)車。since（因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由（通常被翻譯成“既然”），較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然人都到齊了，我們就開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)吧。because（因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，最適合w

18、hy引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以與because of短語(yǔ)互換。The woman prefers winter because she can skate.這個(gè)女人更喜歡冬天，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)她可以滑冰。for（因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放于主句之后，并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了，因?yàn)榻裉焖麤](méi)來(lái)。三點(diǎn)剖析一、重難點(diǎn)：狀語(yǔ)從句在三大從句中較為簡(jiǎn)單，不涉及語(yǔ)序變換，先行詞判斷等復(fù)雜過(guò)程，我們只需要根據(jù)

19、實(shí)際語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行判斷句子中缺什么東西，對(duì)應(yīng)性地選出相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。然而有些關(guān)系詞的意思比較多變，區(qū)分這些詞在不同語(yǔ)境中的意思是這一部分的唯一難點(diǎn)。二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1. 狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分和轉(zhuǎn)換sothat與enough to的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且that從句是肯定句時(shí)，可用“enough to do sth.”來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，且that從句是肯定句時(shí)，可以用“enough for sb

20、. to do sth.”來(lái)替換，但注意不定式的賓語(yǔ)要省略。The question is so easy that I can work it out. The question is easy enough for me to work out.so.that.與too.to.的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且that從句是否定句時(shí)，可以用“too.to.”來(lái)替換。The girl is so young that she can't dress herself. The girl is too young to dress herself. 當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，且that從句

21、是否定時(shí)，如果要用“too.to.替換“so.that.”，則用介詞for引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，可以用“too.for sb. to do sth.”來(lái)替換，注意不定式的賓語(yǔ)要省略。The bag is so heavy that she can't move it. The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that we can't sleep. It is too hot for us to sleep. so.that.與suchthat的轉(zhuǎn)換sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的

22、轉(zhuǎn)換。Its such an interesting film that we all want to see it. Its so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 從用法上看，so后應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞，而such后接名詞(參見(jiàn)以上例句)。但有時(shí)“so+形容詞”后還可接一個(gè)名詞，且這個(gè)名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。試比較：正：He is so clever a child that we all like him.這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。正：They are such clever childre

23、n that we all like them. 誤：They are so clever children that we all like them. 2. if在賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句中不同的含義。在賓語(yǔ)從句中我們說(shuō)過(guò)if在賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句中意義不同，賓語(yǔ)從句中意為“是否”，而條件狀語(yǔ)從句中作“如果”理解，如：I dont know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他們會(huì)不會(huì)來(lái)。If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.如果我得到他的任何信息，我都會(huì)告訴你。題模精選題模一：時(shí)間，結(jié)果，目的狀

24、語(yǔ)從句例1.1.1 John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A afterB beforeC whileD as soon as例1.1.2 Can you play game with us when your homework _?A is finishedB will finishC finishD will be finished例1.1.3 Lin Shuhao is _ famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him.A too; toB enough toC so; t

25、hatD as; as例1.1.4 Mr. Green speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear him clearly.A whenB so thatC becauseD in order to題模二：條件，原因，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句例1.2.1 You will fall behind others _ you work hard.A ifB unlessC thoughD since例1.2.2 We should give the boy another chance _ he has made some mistakes.A thoughB

26、 whenC unlessD because例1.2.3 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子，每空一詞。李明昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×?。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 Tom was sleeping _ his brother was reading a magazine.A untilB whileC beforeD after隨練1.2 _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A ThoughB SinceC ForD So隨練1.3 I was late for class yesterda

27、y _ there was something wrong with my bike.A whenB thatC untilD because隨練1.4 We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A comesB comeC will comeD is coming隨練1.5 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子1. 無(wú)論他跟我開(kāi)什么玩笑，我都不生氣。I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)做母親。Mrs. Bruce was _ kind

28、 to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會(huì)滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就給我打個(gè)電話好嗎？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai?5. 這個(gè)七歲的女孩如此酷愛(ài)鋼琴，以至于他已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has

29、 kept practicing for two years.隨練1.6 -Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A comes; isB comes; will beC will come; isD will come; will be自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A beforeB afterC whenD while作業(yè)2 I hurried _ I

30、 wouldnt be late for class.A sinceB so thatC as ifD unless作業(yè)3 When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A whichB thatC whereD though作業(yè)4 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子1. 他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名記者。He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.2. 既然他的腿受傷了，他今天就不能來(lái)上學(xué)了_ _ _ his leg, he cant get to school today.3. 如果人人為

31、保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)，世界將會(huì)變得更美好。_ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.4. 雖然她很忙，他還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。_ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.5. 無(wú)論你逃到天涯海角，我都會(huì)找到你！_ _ _ you go, I will find you at last!作業(yè)5 _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A So long asB In order

32、 thatC No matter howD The moment答案解析狀語(yǔ)從句題模精選題模一：時(shí)間，結(jié)果，目的狀語(yǔ)從句例1.1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。從句過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表正在進(jìn)行，一般用while引導(dǎo)，故選C。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。首先從句主語(yǔ)為homework，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除BC；又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，為對(duì)將來(lái)的一種詢問(wèn)，而從句可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，故選A。例1.1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：林書(shū)豪如此有名，以至于所有中國(guó)籃球粉絲都知道他。如此以至于，后又為形容詞，所以用sothat句型，故選C。例1.1.4【答案

33、】B【解析】 考查目的狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：格林先生說(shuō)話聲音很大，以便所有學(xué)生都能清楚地聽(tīng)到他。so that表示大聲說(shuō)話的目的，符合題意，故選B。題模二：條件，原因，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句例1.2.1【答案】B【解析】 考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：如果你不努力，就會(huì)落后。unless=if not如果不，符合題意，故選B。例1.2.2【答案】A【解析】 考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：盡管他犯了些錯(cuò)誤，我們應(yīng)該再給這個(gè)男孩一次機(jī)會(huì)。表盡管，故選A。例1.2.3【答案】 because he was ill【解析】 考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。生病是李明沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)的原因，所以用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)他哥哥讀雜志的時(shí)候，湯姆在睡覺(jué)。表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，而且有一種對(duì)比的意味，故選B。隨練1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：盡管他很老，他仍能搬動(dòng)這個(gè)很重的箱子。前后兩句有種讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故選A。隨練1.3【答案】D【解析】 考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意：昨天我遲到了，因?yàn)槲业淖孕熊噳牧?。自行車壞了是遲到的原因，故選D。隨練1.4【答案】A【解析】 考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句在表述將來(lái)的事情時(shí)，遵循“主將