中考英語《主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)》課件(共90張)

1、 What is the Passive Voice? 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)當(dāng)主語是動作的

2、執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。Many students study English.(主動語態(tài)) English is studied by many students.(

3、被動語態(tài))When to use it? 1. 當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。2. 當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者，而不是動作的當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。執(zhí)行者。這本詞典被保存完好這本詞典被保存完好(不需要說明是誰保存的不需要說明是誰保存的) 。這些書是在二十世紀(jì)二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。這些書是在二十世紀(jì)二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn)）（強(qiáng)調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn)） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found

4、in the 1920s.被動語態(tài)的用法:A note was passed up to the speaker.1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.2.不需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí) 行者難以說出或不必說出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924. The Structure is助動詞助動詞be+及物動

5、詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞 (be+P.P.) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)： was / were donewas / were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were being donewas / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been donehave / has been done過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)：

6、had been donehad been done一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本書是19

7、69年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。The work

8、 will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時(shí)一樣。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice presen

9、t by my friend yesterday.在改寫中應(yīng)注意：在改寫中應(yīng)注意：1.把把來的來的提到前面作被動語態(tài)的提到前面作被動語態(tài)的2.把動詞變成把動詞變成“”;3.主動語態(tài)中的主動語態(tài)中的變?yōu)榻樵~變?yōu)榻樵~的的典型題例典型題例例例1 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語找賓語 -即動作的承受者即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes

10、2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動詞的時(shí)態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 主語主語. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The wi

11、ndows were broken by him. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：am/are/is + People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：was/were + 4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two y

12、ears ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：will / be going to + be + 6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday part

13、y.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must/have to/can等等 + be + 8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has

14、to be finished (by us) on time2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞過去分詞“We must put them in the fridge.”The

15、dogs thought .3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：S+ will+be+過去分詞過去分詞Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞過去分詞We have made twenty more keysTwenty mo

16、re keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞過去分詞1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I found th

17、e ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to h

18、elp them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)

19、_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend th

20、e bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this ques

21、tion often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必須照看好孩子們。必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。昨天那支筆是他給我的。 Tha

22、t pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.這輛自行車能修嗎？這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWRThey made shoes in tha

23、t factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（）（）m

24、ake sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice（1）感覺動詞感覺動詞(hear, see等等)改被動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)（2）使役動詞使役動詞(let, make等等)改被動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)如動詞為如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接等，后接賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，不定式時(shí)，

25、變被動變被動語態(tài)時(shí)要加上語態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。如：。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen fall off the tree.思思 考考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.is usually heard sing English songs 14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picn

26、ic. I out for a picnic.is made work was let go 口訣：口訣：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to 離開，被動句中to回 來。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch) help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing footb

27、all at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was m

28、ade a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book. We gave him some books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given him (by us) 注意注意:約翰打開了收音機(jī)。約翰打開了收音機(jī)。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes

29、care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：注：動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時(shí),千萬不要遺漏介詞或千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。副詞。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：類似的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / su

30、pposed that .We report 1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike.2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have / fitI ha

31、ve a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)4.系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道很好。這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如：反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正正】Yo

32、u must look after yourself 【誤誤】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。這書很好賣。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。這書賣完了。The book is sold out.這塊表需要修理一下。這塊表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We need

33、to mend the watch.一、單項(xiàng)選擇：一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up 3. A neighbour helped to keep our

34、dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was giving 5. Mr. Johnsons story by

35、 everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at 二、請把下面句子改為被動語態(tài)1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedwill be held by Beijing3. Miss

36、 Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen play basketballEnglish is taught us by Miss Deng5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautifu

37、l. should be made become練習(xí)：將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子。練習(xí)：將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子。The computer club held a writing competition(競賽）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the com

38、puter club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them. 中考被動語態(tài)考題中考被動語態(tài)考題1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考題）南京市中考題） A. be stopped

39、to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考題）北京市中考題） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黃岡市中考題）黃岡市中考題）was told4. Another man-mad

40、e satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市）變主動語態(tài)濟(jì)南市）變主動語態(tài) _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）青島市中考題）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考題）（上海市中考題） The vegetables _ _on t

41、he farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown 一、選擇正確答案：一、選擇正確答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been writte

42、n with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB二、用所給詞的正確形式填空二、用所給詞的正確形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our

43、city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written5)Exercises:選擇填空: Windows_ of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. be

44、en made2. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA 4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6. The thing

45、s on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA1.Our school _in 2012.(開辦)2.The young trees must_well.(照顧)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year.5. The

46、 bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held用所給動詞的正確形式填空：用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the

47、 blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed練習(xí)一 請把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌ㄗ⒁鈺r(shí)態(tài)的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is made by people.3.

48、Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4. They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you? 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work

49、 by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said

50、they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe wateredMultiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play ga

51、mes. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like

52、my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has riddenDBBA 3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayedC6. ( ) I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too. You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.8. ( ) The children must _. 9. ( ) The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown DDBA. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green