應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語綜合教程7

1、Book I Application-oriented college English Course 2上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextLanguage Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Language Abilities Unit SevenTable of Contents3上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextStarterText: Chinglish ban in Beijing Working with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: in

2、terpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentTable of Contents4上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextHighlightsS: Bad English on signageL: ChinglishR: Chinglish ban in BeijingW: Compound-complex sentences (1)Internet work: Searching for informa

3、tion about dinner toast speeches Part 1 Language Skills Development5( ) 1. Public Water Tap( ) 2. Cashpoint/ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)( ) 3. Dont Leave Anything on the Train( ) 4. Toilet for the Disabled ( ) 5. Be Careful on the Escalator ( ) 6. Merry Christmas上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Next1.StarterA.

4、Can you identify the mistakes in the English expressions on each sign? Match them to the correct expressions 1 to 6. a bd f ec fcbedaBack6上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Mind Maperadicate / vt. 根除persist / vi. 持續(xù)thrive / vi. 繁榮auxiliary / a. 輔助的facilitate / vt. 促進(jìn)equivalent / n. 相等物1.StarterB. Listen to

5、 the talk on Chinglish and then take notes, putting down the key words for each aspect of the talk. 71. Topic of the talk: _2. Beijings attempt: _ 3. Some peoples view of Chinglish: _4. The writers view of Beijings attempt: _ _5. English translation of “精神文明辦公室”: _上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextto impro

6、ve its English language environment persist, even thriveimpossible to eradicate Chinglish; help foreigners in Beijing; help English learners Civic Enhancement Office1.StarterChinglish 8上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Tapescript 1.Starter Chinglish is a commonly used term for Chinese English. Examples are for the

7、 most part mistranslated signs and products. There has been much publicity about Beijings effort to improve its English language environment lately. The effort has been described by the Global Language Monitor as an attempt to eradicate Chinglish before the 2008 Games. Some, however, predict that Ch

8、inglish will persistand even thrivefar after the Games have ended. Probably this is right. I have no intention to challenge the prediction and I personally know some working on this correction project. Do they want to eradicate Chinglish? No, that will be an impossible mission. They do the job becau

9、se they want the Chinese language not to be misunderstood. They want to help foreignersto make their life in Beijing somewhat easier and their understanding of Beijing somewhat better. BackNext9上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Tapescript 1.Starter By doing so, they also want to help some 250 million Chinese who a

10、re currently studying English as a second, auxiliary or business language. China Daily has been asked to help in this effort, too. For example, organizations names need to be translated correctly to facilitate exchanges with the world. So we were asked by the Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing Munici

11、pal Peoples Government to help. We obliged and helped. Since often we could not find exact English equivalents, we had to make up expressions such as “Civic Enhancement Office” for the Chinese “jingshen wenming bangongshi”. Chinglish or not, it is true we are contributing new words to be added to th

12、is global language which will hit its millionth word on April 29, 2009.BackNext10BackNextText Lead inWarm Up: Correct the following Chinglish on the public signs. cabstand /cab rank 11BackNextGentlemen Text Lead in12BackNextSpecial Christmas offers from manufacturers. Text Lead in13BackNextCall bran

13、d only. Text Lead in14BackNextCaution: low overhang. Watch your head. Text Lead in15BackNextText OrganizationChina attempts to wipe out ChinglishExamples of Chinglish on public signs,restaurant menus or product labelsThe Chinese governments measures on ChinglishText Lead in16上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackN

14、ext2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing Chinglish Ban in Beijing 1 China has launched a fresh drive to clamp down on bad English after being awarded the 2008 Olympics back in 2001. Previous a t t e m p t s t o w i p e o u t Chinglishthe mistranslated phrases often seen on Chinese street signs and produ

15、ct labelshave met with little success. Translation ban: n. 禁令e.g. The government imposed a total ban on cigarette advertising. The military leadership lifted the ban on homosexuals in the military. A ban on drug trafficking has been issued recently. vt. 禁止，取締e.g. The new regulations ban smoking from

16、 all work sites. He was banned from boasting about his criminal activities on the Internet after posting videos of himself. clamp: vt./vi. 夾住，固定e.g. She clamped her hands over her ears. clamp down on: 對(duì)進(jìn)行治理；禁止，取締e.g. The police are clamping down on drunk drivers. Meaning: China has started a new cam

17、paign to ban ill-formed English after it succeeded in bidding for the 2008 Olympics back in 2001. previous: a. 以前的，先前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. label: n. 1) 標(biāo)簽，簽條，標(biāo)記e.g. Bar code labels are terrific for using as product labels for products such as DVDs, CDs, VHS tapes an

18、d other electronic media. 2) 稱謂，綽號(hào)e.g. I hate the label “househusband”. vt. 1) 給貼標(biāo)簽e.g. She labeled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters. 2) 把分類，將列為e.g. The newspapers had unjustly labeled him a troublemaker. Questions about Para. 1 wipe out: 徹底消滅e.g. Landowners fear the plan

19、 to introduce sea eagles into the area could wipe out other rare birds. The government is trying to wipe out illiteracy. Drivee.g. a recruitment drive for new members an economy drive (=effort to reduce spending) e.g. a nationwide drive to crack down on crime label: n. 1) 標(biāo)簽，簽條，標(biāo)記e.g. Bar code label

20、s are terrific for using as product labels for products such as DVDs, CDs, VHS tapes and other electronic media. 2) 稱謂，綽號(hào)e.g. I hate the label “househusband”. vt. 1) 給貼標(biāo)簽e.g. She labeled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters. 2) 把分類，將列為e.g. The newspapers had unjustly labeled

21、him a troublemaker. 171. Why has China started a new campaign to ban Chinglish? Because the widespread use of Chinglish causes trouble or inconvenience to foreign visitors to China, especially in the year 2008 when the Olympic Games would be hosted in Beijing. BackNext上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 2. Text: Chi

22、nglish Ban in Beijing 18上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 2 Emergency exits at Beijing airport read “No entry on peacetime” and the Ethnic Minorities Park is named “Racist Park”. Translation 在北京機(jī)場(chǎng)，緊急出口（Emergency exits）處寫有“No entry on peacetime（和平時(shí)期禁止入內(nèi)）”的字樣；而“中華民族園（the Ethnic Minorities Park）”則變成了“Racist

23、Park（種族主義者公園）”。 emergency: n. U 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況；非常時(shí)期e.g. The ambulance brought him to the emergency room with no time to spare. 救護(hù)車立即把他送到了急救室。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 19上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 3 A road sign on Beijings Avenue of Eternal Peace warns of a dangerous pavement with the words: “To Take Not

24、ice of Safe; The Slippery are Very Crafty”. Menus frequently list items such as “Corrugated iron beef”, “Government abuse chicken”, “Chop the strange fish”, “Husband and Wifes Lung Slices”, and “Tofu Made By A Pock-Marked Woman”. This last dish differs slightly from “the Tofu Commonly Home-Made”, th

25、ough both complement “The Temple Explodes The Chicken Cube” and “Young Chicken Without Sex”. Translation 北京長(zhǎng)安大街上有一塊路牌，提醒行人注意人行道上的危險(xiǎn)，上面寫著：“To Take Notice of Safe; The Slippery are Very Crafty（要注意保險(xiǎn)箱；那些滑的是非常狡猾的）。” 菜單上菜名的誤譯更是比比皆是，如，“鐵板牛肉”被譯為“瓦楞鐵皮牛肉（Corrugated Iron Beef）”，“宮保雞丁”被譯成“政府虐待雞（Government abus

26、e chicken）”，而“生魚片”成了“砍那陌生的魚（Chop the strange fish）”，“夫妻肺片”被譯為“丈夫和妻子的肺片（Husband and Wifes Lung slices）”，“麻婆豆腐”則被譯為“臉上長(zhǎng)有麻點(diǎn)的女子做的豆腐（Tofu Made By A Pock-Marked Woman）”。雖然最后這道菜的做法與“家常豆腐（the Tofu Commonly Home-Made）”略有不同，但是二者的翻譯與“The Temple Explodes The Chicken Cube（廟宇爆炸雞丁）”和“Young Chicken Without Sex（沒有性的

27、雛雞）”如出一轍。 avenue: n. 1) 美（城市中心）大街，林陰路；道路； e.g. Pennsylvania Avenue is among the worlds most famous streets. It is known the world over as the heart of the Nations Capital. 2) 手段，途徑e.g. The president wants to explore every avenue towards peace in the region. eternal: a. 永恒的，持久的，永遠(yuǎn)的e.g. The company is

28、 engaged in the eternal search for a product that will lead the market. pavement: n. 人行道e.g. The multicolored pavement paint contains high levels of lead, posing a risk of poisoning to young children. slippery: a. 滑溜的，光滑的e.g. In the snow the slippery road tends to cause more traffic accidents. craft

29、y: a. 狡猾的e.g. Do not trust him, he is as crafty as a fox. abuse: vt. 1) 虐待sexually/physically/emotionally abused e.g. She was physically and emotionally abused as a child. 2) 濫用e.g. Williams abused his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends. 3) 辱罵e.g. Journalists covering the case have been t

30、hreatened and abused. n. 1) 虐待e.g. Many children suffer racial abuse at school. 2) 濫用e.g. government officials abuse of power complement: vt. 補(bǔ)充，加強(qiáng)e.g. She used photographs to complement the text of the news story. The proposals complement the incentives already available. n. 補(bǔ)充物e.g. It is a resourc

31、e for the teachers and their classes, and a complement to the traditional education system. chop: vt. 剁碎，砍，切e.g. He went outside to chop some more wood for the fire. Add two finely chopped onions and a clove of garlic. DFF 厚肉片，排 cube: n. 1) 立方體e.g. Cut the meat into small cubes. 2) (算術(shù)) 立方e.g. The c

32、ube of 3 is 27. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing crafty: a. 狡猾的e.g. Do not trust him, he is as crafty as a fox. BackNext20上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 4 The mistranslations arise because many Chinese words express concepts obliquely and can be interpreted in multiple ways, making translation a minef

33、ield for non-English speakers. W h a t a r e t h e m o r e memorable examples of Chinglish that you have seen? Translation 4.之所以產(chǎn)生誤譯是因?yàn)樵S多漢字表意時(shí)不直截了當(dāng)，并有多種釋義，這些都是非英語母語使用者在翻譯中的“雷區(qū)”。記憶中還有哪些中式英語讓人過目“難忘”呢？ arise: vi. 1) 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生e.g. A new crisis has arisen. 2) 起床e.g. She arises at 9:00 a.m. interpret: vt./vi.

34、 1) 翻譯e.g. Would you please interpret for me? 2) 理解e.g. His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. 3) 解釋 e.g. Freud attempted to interpret the meaning of dreams. multiple: a. . 多樣的，多重的e.g. He is the person with multiple injuries. Players are not allowed to have

35、multiple accounts. n. 倍數(shù)e.g. 4, 6, and 12 are multiples of 2. minefield: n. 1) 危險(xiǎn)區(qū)，危機(jī)四伏的局面e.g. The legal system is a minefield for the ordinary people. 2) 雷區(qū)e.g. They realized they had wandered into a minefield. memorable: a. 值得紀(jì)念的2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 21上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext5 Foun

36、d commonly on products and signage in China it is an attempt at English marred by poor translation and misspelling. The sign above features a classic mistakenot only the bizarre word substitution (unless they really are selling bishops) but also the m o r e u n u s u a l u s e o f language. Where on

37、 earth did they find “nosh”?Translation5 在中國(guó)，產(chǎn)品和標(biāo)示牌上充斥著誤譯和誤拼的英文，這是對(duì)英語語言的糟蹋。上圖中所示的英語招牌就是一種典型的錯(cuò)誤，不僅詞的選用離奇古怪（除非店家真的出售主教），而且語言的使用更是匪夷所思?！皀osh”一詞究竟從何而來？ Meaning: The English words or phrases on products, signs and posters in China are often incorrectly interpreted and misspelled. In this sentence, it is

38、a function word and the logical subject is an attempt; thus what is really meant should be: an attempt is found commonly on products and signage in China. The past participle marred modifies English, functioning as an attribute. Questions about Paras. 4-5 nosh: n. 小吃，點(diǎn)心 mar: vt. 損毀，損傷，糟蹋e.g. Age can

39、not mar her beauty. The noise marred the peace of the night. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 22上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 2. What has caused the mistakes frequently found in the names of the dishes on a menu? People do word for word translations ignoring the dietary culture in the west. 3. To whi

40、ch degree do you agree that Chinese words express concepts obliquely and can be interpreted in multiple ways? Many Chinese words each have more than two meanings and therefore can be interpreted differently depending on the contexts.2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 23上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 6 H

41、ow much courage would be required of the potential user of the autobank if he or she sees the sign below: “ H e l p O n e s e l f Terminating Machine”! Translation 如果在自助銀行上看到“幫助你結(jié)束自己的機(jī)器”的字樣，誰還有勇氣再往前踏入一步？ terminate: vt./vi. 結(jié)束，終止e.g. They have terminated the contract. The sign below frequently pops i

42、nto your eye as you take a stroll in the park: 公園里散步時(shí)，下面這個(gè)標(biāo)牌常常會(huì)跳入你的眼簾: 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 24上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext7.The sign below frequently pops into your eye as you take a stroll in the park：8 It may take you a few minutes before you can puzzle out the meaning of “Do the birds

43、 friend”! Translation 公園里散步時(shí)，下面這個(gè)標(biāo)牌常常會(huì)跳入你的眼簾: 費(fèi)一番思考之后，你才能琢磨出何謂“Do the birds friend”！ puzzle: vt. t 使困惑，為難e.g. Earthquake prediction is a question that continues to puzzle scientists. n. 1) 測(cè)驗(yàn)智力的問題（玩具）e.g. a crossword puzzle 填詞游戲 2) 難題，迷惑puzzle out: 苦思冥想才弄清楚（或解決）e.g. He lay looking at the ceiling, tr

44、ying to puzzle things out. Questions about Paras. 7-82. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing pop into: 突然進(jìn)入 e.g. She popped into the kitchen to check the stove. 她快速走進(jìn)廚房去檢查爐子。 An idea popped into his mind like a flash. 他腦海里突然閃過一個(gè)念頭。25上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 4. What is the sign “Let us do the birds frie

45、nd” really saying?A possible correction would be “Treat brids as our friends.” or “Birds are our friends.” or “Make friends with birds.” 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 26上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 9 Also, when someone takes a walk in the park, he or she is likely to come upon a notice erected by

46、 a meadow that reads: “I Like Your Smile, But Unlike You Put Your Shoes On My Face.” 10 “My God!” the walker would think, jumping back toward the asphalt. “The grass wrote that sign! The grass has a face!” Translation 9 在公園散步的行人，多半還會(huì)見到這樣一塊告示牌，立在草地旁，上面寫著：“我喜歡你的微笑。但是不希望你把你的鞋子放在我的臉上?！?10 “我的天啊!”行人抽回腳步，

47、連忙跳回到柏油馬路上，心中納悶，“告示牌是小草寫的！小草還長(zhǎng)著一張臉孔呢！” erect: vt. 豎立e.g. This city has erected a monument to the past mayor. Several wooden crosses were erected at the foot of the mountain. Questions about Paras. 9-10 asphalt: n. U 瀝青；柏油e.g. Asphalt is used for making road surfaces. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijin

48、g 27上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 5. How would you interpret “不喜歡你把鞋子踩在我 的臉上”? A possible interpretation is: Please Keep Off the Grass. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 28上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext11 This is the beauty of Chinglish: It makes you laugh and think at the same time. 12 It crackles with

49、puzzling advice, like “Dont Press The Glass To Get Hurt!” and, “If You Are Stolen, Call The Police At Once!” Translation11 這便是中式英語的妙處：它帶來笑聲，同時(shí)也激發(fā)想象。 12 還有下列令人費(fèi)解的忠告：“為了受傷不要擠壓玻璃！”，以及“如果你被偷走了，請(qǐng)立即報(bào)警！” Questions about Paras. 11-12 e.g. The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. crackle: vi. 發(fā)出噼啪聲

50、e.g. The fire suddenly crackled and spat sparks. e.g. Attraction and opposition were crackling between them. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 29上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 6. What is the beauty of Chinglish according to the writer?Chinglish sometimes is entertaining, and simultaneously, thought pro

51、voking. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 30上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 13 In North America, parents saunter through malls with kids, rarely thinking about the hidden dangers of escalators or staircases. They would after stumbling upon cryptic messages such as: When Old Mans Child Go Up Hand Ladder Temporary

52、 N e e d T h e F a m i l y To Accompany.NextBackTranslation 13 在北美洲，父母帶著孩子逛購(gòu)物中心，很少會(huì)想到自動(dòng)扶梯或樓梯潛伏著危險(xiǎn)。然而，在他們巧遇了晦澀的提示語“老人的小孩上扶梯時(shí)暫時(shí)須有家人陪同”之后, 恐怕就會(huì)想一想了。 saunter: vi. 閑逛，漫步e.g. He sauntered along the street looking in the shop windows. 他在街上閑逛，眼睛掃視著商店櫥窗。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 31上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社

53、 14 They would also feel very suspicious when they see such common signs put up at a supermarket as “Should you lose your balance, Slip And Fall Down Carefully”, “Dont Forget To Carry Your Thing!” 15 You may decide against an impulse pedicure after learning one of the services offered at the salon w

54、as, Trim the Foot. And disabled travelers would have seen no humour in the “Deformed Man Toilet!” placard hanging outside restrooms.NextBackTranslation suspicious: a. 1) 懷疑的e.g. He gave her a suspicious look. 2) 懷疑有罪的 e.g. His reluctance to answer the questions made the police suspicious. balance: n

55、. 平衡e.g. The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam. With a good sense of balance, she learned to ski quickly. vt. 1) 保持平衡 e.g. Can you balance yourself on skates? 2) 權(quán)衡，比較balance something against something: 比較（兩個(gè)相對(duì)的事物）；權(quán)衡重要性e.g. Measures are taken to balance stable, fast economic grow

56、th against inflation control. impulse: 1) 沖動(dòng)e.g a sudden impulse to laugh Marges first impulse was to run. 2) （電）脈沖e.g. nerve impulses 神經(jīng)脈沖 trim: vt. 1) 修剪e.g. Trim away/off any excess glue with a knife. 2) 降低，減少e.g. The company trimmed 46,000 euros from its advertising budget. 3) 裝飾e.g. She wears a

57、 beautiful dress trimmed with lace. a. neat and well cared for 整潔的e.g. He wore a trim suit and looked smart. 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing impulse: 1) 沖動(dòng)e.g a sudden impulse to laugh Marges first impulse was to run. 2) （電）脈沖e.g. nerve impulses 神經(jīng)脈沖14 另外，當(dāng)他們?cè)诔欣锟吹街T如“如果失去平衡，請(qǐng)小心地滑倒”和“別忘了拿你的東西”等司空見慣

58、的標(biāo)示語時(shí)，人們也難免會(huì)疑惑叢生。 15 當(dāng)你一時(shí)心血來潮，想做一做足療，來到美容院看到其中的一項(xiàng)服務(wù)是“剪腳”，也許你會(huì)立即打消修腳的念頭。當(dāng)殘疾游客看到“畸形人廁所”的標(biāo)示牌懸于廁所門口時(shí)，想必也不會(huì)覺得有什么幽默。32上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 16 As the use of English as l a n g u a g e o f g l o b a l communication is on the rise, an increasing number of conversations in English happen between non-native spea

59、kers. 17 English is the second most spoken language in the world, and it is estimated that by 2020 native speakers will make up only 15% of those using or learning the language. NextBackTranslation 16 作為一種全球溝通語言的英語使用得越來越多。非英語母語使用者之間用英語交談的次數(shù)越來越多。 17 英語是世界上使用者人數(shù)位居第二的語言。據(jù)估測(cè)，到2020年，英語母語使用者人數(shù)將只占使用或?qū)W習(xí)這門語言

60、人數(shù)的15%。 2. Text: Chinglish Ban in Beijing 33authority: n. 1) 當(dāng)局e.g. British police are cooperating with the Malaysian authority. 2) 權(quán)威e.g. people in (positions of) authority Could I speak to someone in authority (=who has a position of power) please? e.g. Im not an authority on civil rights. e.g. Th