with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)

1、一獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念概念: 充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 在句中可以表示時(shí)間、原因在句中可以表示時(shí)間、原因 條件、方式或伴隨情況等條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): 名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + 非謂語(yǔ)（非謂語(yǔ)（doing & todo & done） 形容詞形容詞&副詞副詞 介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) 。形容詞形容詞&副詞副詞&介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)&狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)Taking your age into consideration,Youd better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration,youd bet

2、ter not go hiking. (邏主you)(邏主your age)（邏輯主語(yǔ)與整句的主語(yǔ)相同）（邏輯主語(yǔ)與整句的主語(yǔ)相同）() 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+分詞分詞(過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞done & 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing) 當(dāng)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主 語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首,也也 可放在句尾可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常放在句首。常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.（問(wèn)題解決了）（問(wèn)題

3、解決了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot. (時(shí)間允許的話時(shí)間允許的話)(permit) (cross)3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在手下他的手交叉在手下) _This problem settledTime permittinghis hands crossed under his head.l()名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + (being) 形容詞形容詞_,he had to stay home to look after her.(他媽媽生病了他媽媽生病了)2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子凍

4、得他的鼻子凍得通紅通紅) _（red）()名詞代詞（名詞代詞（being) 副詞副詞 He put on his socks，_. （反的一面在外面）（反的一面在外面）(out)(out)His mother (being) illhis nose red with cold.wrong side out()名詞代詞不定式名詞代詞不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed.2._ (最后一個(gè)人的到

5、來(lái))，our party was started.（arrive） The last guest to arrive（）名詞代詞介詞短語(yǔ)名詞代詞介詞短語(yǔ)在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。不用冠詞。1.Our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本書手上一本書)2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗幟）肩上一面旗幟）book in handbook in hand

6、Flag on shoulderFlag on shoulder()有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有分詞，僅有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有分詞，僅 在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) 的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being 或或having been，這是為了簡(jiǎn)練，這是為了簡(jiǎn)練。但在但在“being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”或或“there being過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省不可省。1._, he went to school.(早餐結(jié)束后早餐結(jié)束后)（over）2._,she went back to her room. (沒(méi)有

7、鬧鐘的原因沒(méi)有鬧鐘的原因) 3._, we cant go there. (房間正在被油漆房間正在被油漆) Breakfast (being) overBreakfast (being) overThere being no cause for alarmThere being no cause for alarmThe room being painted nowThe room being painted now二二With和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without名詞代詞分名詞代詞分詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞

8、短語(yǔ)。在句子中可以作狀語(yǔ)或詞短語(yǔ)。在句子中可以作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)。（）with/without名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I couldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名詞代詞名詞代詞+ 過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞。用過(guò)去用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。 In t

9、he read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix () with/without名詞代詞不定式。名詞代詞不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D.

10、 being settled ()with/without名詞代詞形容詞。名詞代詞形容詞。 She sleeps with the window open.() with/without+名詞代詞副詞。名詞代詞副詞。 _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名詞代詞介詞短語(yǔ)。名詞代詞介詞短語(yǔ)。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a nec

11、klace around her neck got on the bus. 三三with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（） with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z(yǔ)從中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z(yǔ)從句或并列句。句或并列句。（）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn

12、 yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. （）作原因狀語(yǔ)（）作原因狀語(yǔ) With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ) With ti

13、me permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ) Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next mo

14、nth.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month. () with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不可作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞構(gòu)則不可作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。 Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose f

15、lowers were in blossom.1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It had; left2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. re

16、maining 20 dollars3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being6.

17、 _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done

18、 much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It be

19、ing D. Having beenWell Well done!done! 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來(lái)會(huì)很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。 一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3. _

20、to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 二、分析邏輯主語(yǔ)確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)

21、。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . 三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see

22、D.See3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed 四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問(wèn)題，即時(shí)態(tài)。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant

23、.3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合 He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荁，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是

24、一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. wh