初中英語(yǔ)閱讀能力培養(yǎng)校本課程

1、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀能力培養(yǎng)校本課程初中英語(yǔ)閱讀能力培養(yǎng)校本課程昌樂(lè)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校九年級(jí)一部葛文清高蕾 第一章、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀文體【你知道嗎】英語(yǔ)閱讀有不同的文體，而一篇文章的設(shè)題是受其文體限制的。所以，首先應(yīng)該從文體角度來(lái)訓(xùn)練。初中閱讀理解常用的體裁有： （一）故事類(lèi)。初中生接觸到的閱讀材料大都是故事類(lèi)。閱讀故事類(lèi)的材料，應(yīng)該抓住人物線索、地點(diǎn)線索、時(shí)間線索和情節(jié)發(fā)展線索。特別注意的是，以上線索往往是并存的。因?yàn)榍楣?jié)的發(fā)展總是涉及到人物的變化、時(shí)間的推移、場(chǎng)景的變換等。而閱讀材料后的閱讀理解往往會(huì)圍繞這些內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)一些事實(shí)類(lèi)的理解題。凡事實(shí)類(lèi)的理解題都可以從閱讀材料的表層文字中找到答案。在閱讀故事類(lèi)短文時(shí)，

2、應(yīng)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解文章的深層含義，也就是它的主題。在此需要注意的是，現(xiàn)在的閱讀理解題在測(cè)試事實(shí)類(lèi)的理解題的同時(shí)，往往有一道推理類(lèi)理解測(cè)試題 （二）科普類(lèi)?？破疹?lèi)的閱讀理解包含介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)、社會(huì)知識(shí)的短文。閱讀這類(lèi)短文時(shí)，要以事實(shí)為中心進(jìn)行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互關(guān)系等如果是介紹社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的文章，要掌握所談現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)涵。 （三）圖表類(lèi)。圖表類(lèi)短文是通過(guò)看圖或表格等來(lái)了解某方面的情況。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀這類(lèi)材料時(shí)，主要從兩方面入手；一是了解圖表的主題，確定圖表的主要內(nèi)容，二是推敲本論文圖畫(huà)語(yǔ)言或數(shù)字，找出它們之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或試圖表達(dá)的含義。 （四）新聞?lì)悺?bào)刊閱讀應(yīng)逐步成為中學(xué)生閱讀的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。由于新聞

3、報(bào)道強(qiáng)調(diào)遵循 5 個(gè) W 和 1 個(gè) H的原則，學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)也要抓住這一點(diǎn)去理解?！敬痤}技巧】1記敘文抓住人物，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，情節(jié)發(fā)展線索。2.說(shuō)明文要以事物為中心進(jìn)行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互關(guān)系等。【練一練】In the early 1990s,the word“Internet” was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in

4、the field of communication in the history of mankind（人類(lèi)）Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probab

5、ly the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing （瀏

6、覽）websites. There are some games for free .We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now. We can also listen to music and see films.Now，there is a lot of service on the Internet such as online banking ,job finding and ticket buying. We can also do shopping and find nearly all kinds of goods

7、. Sometimes we can find something that is quite good but very cheap.1. How many main advantages of the Internet are talked about in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.2. What fact doesnt the passage provide 21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng) A. We can find almost anything we want to know on the Internet.B. Some games

8、 on the Internet are free.C. We can buy most things we need on the Internet.D. Goods on the Internet are more expensive than those in real shops.3. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?A. Online ShoppingB. Exchanging Information on the InternetC. The Advantages of the InternetD. Surfi

9、ng the Websites on the Internet答案: BDC【討論交流】以上閱讀理解材料是什么題材如何做這種類(lèi)型的題目【小組評(píng)價(jià)】你的表現(xiàn)怎么樣你明白了嗎第二章、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)大綱對(duì)閱讀理解的要求【你知道嗎】初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀上的基本要求：1.能閱讀難度相當(dāng)于課文的材料，理解其大意。2.能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)的材料，生詞率不超過(guò)3%。3.閱讀速度要求每分鐘50-70詞?！敬痤}技巧】1.快速瀏覽全文，掌握大意。2仔細(xì)審題，分析比較選項(xiàng) 。3帶著問(wèn)題復(fù)讀，捕捉關(guān)鍵信息，解答問(wèn)題。4再讀全文，核對(duì)答案?！揪氁痪殹縋eople often say that the En

10、glishmans home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual（個(gè)體的）;they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most ho

11、uses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private（私人的）space of the individual.People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as your? If you

12、 are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us .The man on the space on my side of the

13、table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出)out of his head. I had invaded(侵犯)his space! A

14、 few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!If you are visiting another country you may feel that you dont have any private space. Hotel rooms look mu

15、ch the same in every country in the world. All day long , you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside” .Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you dont know about .And you even feel that th

16、ey like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you .Havent you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space? writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to Lo

17、ndon because_.A. he had no place to sit.B. someone had invaded his “space”C. too many people shared a section with himD. some other people talked about things he didnt know about2. “ you feel lonely and outside” in paragraph 4 means that_.A. you are alone outside the houseB. you feel lonely because

18、you travel on your ownC. you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some funD. you feel lonely and you dont belong to that place or that group of people Paragraph 4 ,the pronoun “them” refers to（所指） “_”.A. public spacesB. private spacesC. local people D. other countries4. Which of the follow

19、ing is TRUE according to the passage?A. British people dislike marking their space.B. You always feel at home in another country. C. Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.D. You cant mark your private space in a foreign country.5. The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to

20、_.A. own private spaces by living in housesB. have one corner of their own in public placesC. realize the importance of “space” in communicationD. create their private spaces by talking with local people答案:BDCCC【討論交流】做以上題目你要注意什么？ 【小組評(píng)價(jià)】你學(xué)到了什么？第三章、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀 題型【你知道嗎】從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學(xué)知識(shí)、社會(huì)

21、文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面，充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性、實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見(jiàn)題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測(cè)詞義題和正誤判斷題。做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問(wèn)題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問(wèn)題，以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所要信息。先易后難。做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書(shū)中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序，應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。一、主旨題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在

22、短文第一句或最后一句。二、細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。三、推斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類(lèi)推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。四、猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)

23、生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。五、正誤判斷題正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的具體事實(shí)、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個(gè)句子，判斷其正誤。這類(lèi)題比較直接，難度相對(duì)較小。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)先看題，后帶著“問(wèn)題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。在書(shū)寫(xiě)答案時(shí)，還要注意題目要求的限制（如：最多不超過(guò)5個(gè)詞），也須正確書(shū)寫(xiě)單詞的大小寫(xiě)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等?！敬痤}技巧】（一）細(xì)節(jié)題 細(xì)節(jié)題就是指那些針對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)或與文章情節(jié)發(fā)展相關(guān)的事實(shí)所設(shè)置的問(wèn)題。這類(lèi)題

24、主要測(cè)試考生獲取信息及對(duì)文章所提供信息的理解能力。 1設(shè)題方式 此類(lèi)題型多數(shù)以特殊疑問(wèn)詞設(shè)問(wèn)，設(shè)問(wèn)的檢測(cè)點(diǎn)針對(duì)某一具體行為、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、方式、數(shù)量等。細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。此類(lèi)考查事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)的，其主要提問(wèn)方式是： (1) Which of the following is right?(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?(3) Which of the following is Not

25、True in the passage?(4) Choose the right order of this passage.(5) From this passage we know _2技巧點(diǎn)撥仔細(xì)閱讀文章后的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，以此作為線索，返回文章查找相關(guān)的句子，用相關(guān)的這個(gè)句子對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，意思一致的就是答案。（1）題干定位法 細(xì)節(jié)題通?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)于某些重要信息進(jìn)行迅速、準(zhǔn)確地尋找的能力。提問(wèn)常常用特殊疑問(wèn)詞what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做這樣的題，可以采用“題干定位法”，即先弄清楚題干問(wèn)什么，然后直接到文中尋找相關(guān)信息。帶著問(wèn)題去

26、讀文章，目的明確，容易抓住文中與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)。 （2）跳讀捕捉信息法 針對(duì)這樣的題目，同學(xué)們只要運(yùn)用Skimming（略讀）的方法，先整體上閱讀文章，然后從原文中找到相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行理解分析，就可以確定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解單個(gè)句子，而要結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)理解。（二）主旨題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也就是考查考生的歸納概括和綜合閱讀能力。這類(lèi)試題包括要求考生選出短文的標(biāo)題（title,h

27、eadline），短文或段落的主題（subject）、中心思想（main idea）等。 1設(shè)題方式 此類(lèi)考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對(duì)段落(或短文)的主題，主題思想，標(biāo)題或目的，其主要提問(wèn)方式是：（1） The main idea of the passage is .（2） The passage mainly tells about . （3） What is the main idea of this passage （4） What is the passage mainly talking about （5） What does the second paragraph mainly

28、 tell us （6） Which of the following is the best title for the passage （7） The writers purpose in writing this story is . （8） What is the authors main purpose （9） What is the advice given in the passage?2技巧點(diǎn)撥 這種題型要注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般說(shuō)來(lái)閱讀題沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，就會(huì)給學(xué)生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困難，而文章的首段或每段的首句 往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是作者要說(shuō)明的

29、對(duì)象或作者要闡述的觀點(diǎn)，尾句是文章的結(jié)論或表達(dá)作者的意圖、態(tài)度、目的。注意到這一點(diǎn)，才能抓住中心，為理解文章奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。 （三）推斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類(lèi)推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。1設(shè)題方式 常以infer（推斷），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推斷），learn, intend（意指），mean, describe, purpose等詞提問(wèn)。

30、（1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.（2) We can infer from the text that _.（3) From the story we can guess _.（4) What would be happy if （5) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?（6) The writer writes this text to _.（7) The writer believes that _.（8) The writer suggests that _.2技巧

31、點(diǎn)撥 （1）抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理 做此類(lèi)試題要關(guān)于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即抓住某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷、利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 （2）整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。 （3）利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷 認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。（4）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論

32、據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。 （四）猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。1.猜測(cè)詞義的解題方法有下列幾種:(1)通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜生詞詞義，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a r

33、esult，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通過(guò)for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。(2)通過(guò)同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about t

34、he planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思

35、，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。(3)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難解決了。(4)通過(guò)定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見(jiàn)drought意思為"久旱"，&

36、quot;旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示。(5)通過(guò)句法功能來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類(lèi)關(guān)系，

37、同屬fruit類(lèi)，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是菠蘿和椰子。(6)通過(guò)描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫(xiě)。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的生活

38、習(xí)性。 (7)利用常識(shí)、自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷及社會(huì)、科技等方面的知識(shí)猜詞，即理解上下文，再運(yùn)用常識(shí)或相關(guān)的知識(shí)，猜出生詞的含義。 2設(shè)題方式 常見(jiàn)的猜測(cè)詞義題的設(shè)題方式有： （1） Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word （2）The word could be replaced by . （3）In the paragraph , the word means (refers to ) . （4） According to the passage, probably means . 3技巧點(diǎn)撥 （1）語(yǔ)境理解 實(shí)例

39、 The rose (玫瑰) is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace , courage (勇氣) and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England ,America and many other countries. Whats the Chinese meaning of the underlined “stand fo

40、r” A忍受 B.代表 C. 站立 D. 認(rèn)為 解析答案B.從第一句可以知道“玫瑰”被視為愛(ài)情的象征，可以用排除法篩選答案。 （2）同義關(guān)系 實(shí)例The French ,proud of their delicious and high-class cuisine, dont like fast % of them think it is unhealthy, followed by 75 of the Japanese. The word “cuisine”in the passage means_. A. food B. house C. water D. country 解析答案A。從下

41、文的fast food和提示中可以判定cuisine和food是同一種意思。 （3）因果關(guān)系 實(shí)例Angela didnt know it would be so hard to turn singing into a career. She went to many different record companies. But she was always turned town for looking too young and small. The underlined word in the passage means_. A承認(rèn) B拒絕 C開(kāi)除 D雇用 解析答案B。根據(jù)hard和

42、for looking too young and small是被拒絕的原因。 （4）解釋說(shuō)明 實(shí)例I came to Mount Isa six months ago. Its a long way from Brisbane- about is a small city, which has population of 21000,but it has all the basic facilities such as a base hospital ,six schools, supermarkets and many government offices. The underlined

43、word in the passage means_. A 工廠 B 設(shè)施 C 游樂(lè)場(chǎng) D街區(qū) 解析答案D。根據(jù)such as后面的解釋可以確定其答案。 英語(yǔ)閱讀具有鮮明的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化特點(diǎn)，有較豐富的文化蘊(yùn)涵。它重視社會(huì)的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，追蹤科技前沿，具有濃厚的時(shí)代氣息及生活氣息。它是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)。如果考生掌握了閱讀理解的解題技巧，那么他們的合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力也就得到了很大的提高。（五）正誤判斷題正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的具體事實(shí)、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個(gè)句子，判斷其正誤。這類(lèi)題比較直接，難度相對(duì)較小。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)先看題，后帶著“問(wèn)題”快速閱讀短文，尋找

44、所需要的信息。在書(shū)寫(xiě)答案時(shí)，還要注意題目要求的限制（如：最多不超過(guò)5個(gè)詞），也須正確書(shū)寫(xiě)單詞的大小寫(xiě)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。第一類(lèi)題：可以直接從原文中找到答案的題。這類(lèi)題是拿分題。其丟分的原因：第一，憑印象做題，準(zhǔn)確率低。第二，時(shí)間把握最容易出問(wèn)題：忘記內(nèi)容的時(shí)候往往會(huì)回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要讀好幾遍。這類(lèi)題的解題技巧：看清題目所問(wèn)的內(nèi)容之后，要在原文中劃出原句，并標(biāo)上題號(hào)。這樣做的目的是：做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失，保證把該拿到的分?jǐn)?shù)拿到手；減少閱讀文章的次數(shù)，爭(zhēng)取寶貴的時(shí)間。第二類(lèi)題：不能夠從原文中直接找到答案的題。這類(lèi)題需要經(jīng)過(guò)分析、判斷、推理之后才能解答。這類(lèi)題是失分題，

45、往往是出題老師用來(lái)拉開(kāi)學(xué)生梯度和層次的題。這類(lèi)題包括：文章主題和中心大意等，一般都是主旨題。其解題技巧：1.以原文為依據(jù)，不參雜個(gè)人意見(jiàn)，要客觀不要主觀，要克服“我認(rèn)為怎么樣”的觀點(diǎn)。2.答案是比出來(lái)的。答案不選對(duì)的，只選最好的。因?yàn)?，有時(shí)候四個(gè)答案都是對(duì)的。所以，當(dāng)看到第一答案是正確的時(shí)候，也要看后面的答案。遇到這種情況，往往有學(xué)生鉆牛角尖。老師給學(xué)生解釋的時(shí)候，也可以這樣說(shuō)：你的答案沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但是另一個(gè)答案更好，更全面。答案不選對(duì)的，只選最好的。比答案的原則是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不對(duì)的。3注意絕對(duì)化的詞。如果答案選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)化的詞，比如：all，always，never，

46、nothing，every 等等，除非文章當(dāng)中使用了該類(lèi)詞匯，否則，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答題時(shí)，要你判斷如下這個(gè)句子正誤（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. <該句子應(yīng)該是錯(cuò)誤的。4答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏蓋全。尤其是多個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有道理，難以挑選正確答案的時(shí)候，要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個(gè)。5“傻瓜”原則。文章中沒(méi)有提到的就當(dāng)時(shí)不知道，不要枉自猜測(cè)，自作聰明。一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)?！揪氁痪殹縒hen I was a foreign teacher in

47、China, every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China. One day the topic turned to saying “I love you”. I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had said this to their mothers, nor had their mothers said it to them. “Does your mom love you” “Of course.” they answe

48、red.“How do you know” was my logical question. They responded that their moms cooked and always told them what they were doing wrong to show their caring. I was stunned .So moms cooking and criticizing read out as “I love you”. “Then how do you say I love you to her” They agreed that getting good gr

49、ades, followed by god jobs would be how they showed their love. I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough, so I repeated these queries in classes over time. Gradually,I began to get different response. Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms.One of my favorite

50、 stories of change came from a girl .When she came home from university, her mother met her at the door and hugged（擁抱）her. This had never happened before, but her mom said, “Now that you have gone I have more time to myself. I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I dec

51、ided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you.”In my family we all say “I love you” a lot .While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment, it is almost like a blessing we give each other. Those three little words carry a world of meani

52、ng , even when said as a greeting, but most especially if they are the last words we say to or hear from those we love. 1. The foreign teacher_.A. comes from AmericaB. is a young womanC. is expressive enoughD. knows much about China2. Chinese people prefer to show love by_.A. saying “I love you”B. c

53、ookingC. getting good gradesD. doing something helpful;3. In paragraph 4, whats the real meaning of the moms hugging?A. She is meeting her daughter at the door.B. She loves her daughter and misses her.C. She is glad that she has more time to herselfD. She finds it interesting to hug her daughter.4.

54、Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Say “I love you” more to your family.B. Say “I love you” a lot to Chinese people.C. Say “I love you” as a greeting to others. D. Say “I love you” without great depth of feelings.答案:CDBA【討論交流】以上材料考察的是什么題型？【小組評(píng)價(jià)】你明白了嗎你的表現(xiàn)怎樣第四章、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀完型填空的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧【你知道嗎】完形填空的特點(diǎn) 完形填空題

55、是一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的測(cè)試題型，它在中考英語(yǔ)試卷中一般不少于部分值的百分之十。題型可以根據(jù)測(cè)試的需要，將一篇短文中的十至十五個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)去掉，要求考生從所提供的三個(gè)或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文中的句子通順，意思完整。完形填空題的測(cè)試目的是考查考生借助短文保留部分、運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、語(yǔ)法和其他知識(shí)重現(xiàn)短文愿意的綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)能力。當(dāng)考生閱讀該題型時(shí)，必須運(yùn)用所學(xué)到的各種相關(guān)知識(shí)，并以自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所掌握的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、習(xí)慣表達(dá)等為依據(jù)，對(duì)自己在短文中獲得的信息進(jìn)行分析和判斷，選出正確的選項(xiàng)，完成填空。完形填空題通常有語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、判斷推理和綜合運(yùn)用等題型。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)型以考查考生對(duì)各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、句型和句式等

56、在文章中的正確運(yùn)用為主。判斷推理題型以考查對(duì)篇章的整體理解，上下文段落的銜接，邏輯思維與判斷推理能力為主。綜合型是對(duì)考生所掌握的知識(shí)和能力的綜合考查。目前，全國(guó)各地的中考完形填空呈現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)：完形填空題1 以考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇理解題型增多。2 考查動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞用法與辨析的比例在逐漸加大。3 對(duì)連詞的考查題也在增加，主要考查考生對(duì)行文邏輯的掌握及文句之間關(guān)聯(lián)詞的理解。4 對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和冠詞用法的考查在逐年減少。 【答題技巧】通讀全文，了解大意。完形填空題與單項(xiàng)選擇題不同，它給的是一篇意思較為完整的短文。做該題型題型時(shí)，首先應(yīng)跳過(guò)空格通讀全文，了解全文大意。這樣可以對(duì)文章的體裁，事件的前因后果有個(gè)大致的了解。由于完形填空題完形填空題是一種有較高的障礙性閱讀理解，所以通讀一遍仍有模糊感覺(jué)，這是很正常的?？忌胁豢杉?/p>