[教育學(xué)]lesson7_language study語言學(xué)習(xí)ppt課件

1、Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word BuildingGrammar Word list:assert 2. cluster 3. depressed4. gruff5. imminence6. numb 7. overpower 8. revel 9. streak 10. subjugate 11. throb12. tremor 1. assert v. a. to state or express positively; to affirm assert ones innocence b. to put oneself forward bold

2、ly or forcefully in an effort to make an opinion knownExample: I had to assert myself in the meeting in order to ensure acquisition of the new book.SynonymsasseveratedeclareaverTo be continued on the next page. To assert is to state ones opinion confidently but often without proof to support it. “I

3、have endeavored to assert nothing but what I had good authority for. William Sewel Asseverate connotes sober sincerity of assertion. “The taxpayer also asseverates that his return from Greece proves conclusively that his intentions were and are honorable. Daily Report for ExecutivesTo be continued o

4、n the next page.納稅人同時(shí)鄭重聲明他從希臘的返回，本身就非常有說服力地證明他的意圖，曾經(jīng)是，如今也是老實(shí)的 行政官員每日?qǐng)?bào)告 除了我確有把握的事情外，我不會(huì)斷然地講任何事情 威廉西維爾。 Declare has the approximate force of assert, but may suggest formality of statement and authority in the speaker. Congress declared that it would reduce the budget deficit預(yù)算赤字. Aver stresses the spe

5、akers confidence in the validity of the statement. She averred that solitude was necessary for creative work.她斷言離群索居對(duì)于創(chuàng)造性的工作是必不可少的。 a. number of things of the same kind growing closely togetherb. number of people, animals or things grouped closely together 2. cluster n./v.Examples:ivy growing in thi

6、ck clustersa cluster of houses, spectators, bees, islandsReporters were clustered round the Prime Minister. 使集中3. depressed a.a. affected or marked by low spiritsb. an area, industry, etc. that is depressed does not have enough economic or business activitySynonymsbluedejecteddispirited downcastdown

7、heartedExamples: depressed by the loss of his job The divorce left him deeply depressed. Britains depressed housing market brusque粗魯?shù)? 無準(zhǔn)備的; blunt率直的, 直言不諱的; crusty愛發(fā)脾氣的, 暴躁的These adjectives mean “abrupt and sometimes discourteous in manner or speech. 4. gruff 聲音聲音粗啞的粗啞的; 僵硬的僵硬的 人的行為人的行為冷淡的冷淡的; 態(tài)度僵硬

8、的態(tài)度僵硬的To be continued on the next page. Gruff implies roughness or surliness of manner and often harsh speech but does not necessarily suggest rudeness. Her answer was gruff, but her eyes twinkled. Brusque emphasizes rude abruptness. Try to cultivate a less brusque manner. To be continued on the nex

9、t page. Blunt stresses utter frankness and usually an upsetting directness. I have to be blunt: youre not welcome here. Crusty suggests a rough and forbidding 難親近的 manner that sometimes conceals benevolence of spirit. Hes a crusty old gentleman who feeds stray dogs and cats. 5. imminence n. the near

10、ness of something that is going to happenimminent a. about to happen very soonExamples: the imminence of nuclear war An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is imminent.6. numb a.a. of a part of the body unable to feel anything, usually for a short timeb. not able to feel any emoti

11、ons or think cheerfully because you are so shocked or frightenedExamples: I had been lying awkwardly and my leg had gone numb. My fingers were so cold that they felt numb. Ever since his girlfriend left him he has felt numb. 7. overpower v.a. to overcome or vanquish by superior force; to subdue 壓倒，征

12、服，擊敗b. to affect so strongly as to make helpless or ineffective; to overwhelm 感情等壓倒; 使無法忍受Examples:Police overpowered the criminal and took him away.The smell of the garbage overpowered me.They were overpowered by grief when their son died.a. to take great pleasure or delightb. literary or humorous

13、to dance, drink, sing, etc., at a party or in public, esp. in a noisy wayExamples: After the long hot summer we revelled in the rainstorm. They revelled all day and all night after their exams.8. revel v. revelryrevelerWord formation 9. streak n. a. a line, mark, or band differentiated by color or t

14、exture from its surroundings b. a slight contrasting element; a traceExamples:streaks of grey appearing in his black hairThere was a streak of wildness/cruelty in him.An inherent, often contrasting quality10. subjugate v.a. to defeat people or a country and rule them in a way that allows them no fre

15、edomb. to treat yourself, your wishes or your beliefs as being less important than other people or their wishes or beliefsSynonymsdefeatconquervanquishbeatovercomeExample: Journalists must subjugate personal political convictions to their professional commitment to fairness and balance.To be continu

16、ed on the next page. defeat, conquer, vanquish, beat, overcomeThese verbs mean “to get the better of an adversary. Defeat is the most general. “Whether we defeat the enemy in one battle, or by degrees, the consequences will be the same. Thomas Paine Conquer suggests decisive and often wide-scale vic

17、tory. “A conquering army on the border will not be halted by the power of eloquence. Otto von BismarckTo be continued on the next page. Vanquish emphasizes total mastery. The forces of Napoleon were vanquished at Waterloo.Beat, less formal, is often the equivalent of defeat, though beat may convey g

18、reater emphasis. “To win battles you beat the soul of the enemy man. George S. Patton Subjugate more strongly implies reducing an opponent to submission. “The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William. Stanley Meisler To be continued on the next page.To o

19、vercome is to prevail over, often by Persevering. overcome an enemyovercome temptationovercome a physical handicap11. throb v./n.a. to beat rapidly or violently, as the heart pounds b. a strong low continuous beat Examples:My heart was throbbing with excitement.the throb of machinery 機(jī)器的振動(dòng) a. a shak

20、ing movement of the earth b. a shaking movement caused by fear, nervousness, illness, weakness, etc. Word Formationtremulous顫抖的, 打顫的Example:There was a slight tremor in his voice.The story was so terrible that it sent tremors down my spine脊椎.The end of Word Study.12. tremor n. as it were on firebett

21、er offat this ratetake complete hold ofopen up be cross with8. fall over9. take for10. in the name of God11. be chained to 12. be dotted with 13. rob sb. of sth.14. carry a long way 15. a flash of sth. 16. cross ones mind 1. as it were seemingly; in a way; so to speak. A shortening of “as if it were

22、 so, this idiom has been in use since Chaucers time. We use this idiom to make what we are saying sound less definite.Examples: She was releasing me from the nest, as it were. She is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 2. on fire a. burning b. of passion burning with emotion; greatly excited

23、; full of ardor; very enthusiastic; excited or passionateExamples: The enemy could not but abandon the warship on fire. He was on fire with excitement at this marvelous sight. 3. better off a. if you have more money b. if you are in more satisfactory circumstancesExamples: a situation where those wh

24、o do not work are better off than those who do There are disturbed people in prison whod be better off in hospital. 4. at this rate means “if what is happening now continues to happen for some timeExamples: Where has he got to? At this rate we will miss the train. At this rate they will soon overtak

25、e other countries. 5. take complete hold of to gain complete control or influence over sb.; to have great power over sb.; to overpower sb.Examples: She felt a strange excitement taking hold of her. The idea will never take hold of the voters.6. open upa. If a country or area opens up, or is opened u

26、p, it becomes easier to travel around it or sell things to it.b. to cause sth. to be available for development, production, etc.c. to create a new opportunity or possibilityExamples: Cheaper air travel has opened up all kinds of new holiday destinations. to open up undeveloped land, new territory, e

27、tc. When youve got a qualification like that, so many career opportunities opened up. Chinesea. 使國(guó)家，地區(qū) 開放b. 開發(fā)，消費(fèi)c. 提供新的時(shí)機(jī)、可 能性7. be cross withinfml. to be rather angryExamples: I was cross with him for being late. Why is he so cross with you?Chinese 生氣8. fall overa. If sb. falls over, they fall to

28、the ground.b. If sth. falls over, it falls onto the side.c. to fall over sth.: to tumble overExamples: He was walking along quite normally and then suddenly fell over. If you make the cake too high itll just fall over. Be careful not to fall over the step on your way in.Chinesea. 跌倒b. 從上落下c. 被絆倒 9.

29、take for to regard asExamples: Do not take our silence for approval. I think they took me for Japanese. 10. in the name of God You follow a question with “in the name of God as a way of expressing surprise or disbelief.Example: What in the name of God are you doing here? 11. be chained to to be boun

30、d to; to have your freedom restricted because of a responsibility you can not escapeExamples: Too many women nowadays feel chained to the kitchen sink. My brother was chained to my sick mother for more than 30 years. 12. be dotted with to have things or people spread here and there over a wide areaE

31、xamples: The sky was dotted with stars. The countryside is dotted with beautiful ancient churches. 13. rob sb. of sth. to deprive sb. of sth. belonging to that person by an unjust procedureExamples: Those cats robbed me of my sleep. The fact that he had lied before robbed his words of any credibilit

32、y. 14. carry a long way said of sound or smell to go very farExample: Even in this stillness Leaphorn doubted if the sound would carry a long way. 15. a flash of sth. a sudden, brief and intense display of sth.; sudden show of wit, understanding, etc.Examples: The essays could do with a flash of wit

33、 or humor. a flash of inspiration, intuition, etc.16. cross ones mind of thoughts, etc. to come into ones mind; to suddenly occur to oneExamples: It never crossed my mind that she might lose. It never crossed my mind that they would turn the proposal down.The end of Phrases and Expressions.List:I. C

34、ompoundII. Suffix -ennounpast participlesnow-coveredwind-blownflood-strickenweather-beatenhen-peckeddog-tiredstudent-centered被雪覆蓋的被風(fēng)吹的受災(zāi)的因風(fēng)吹日曬粗糙的，受損的怕老婆的，懼內(nèi)的極度疲憊的，累極了以學(xué)生為中心的suffix-en: to make or becomedarkenfastenheightenlengthenmoistensharpenstrengthenweakenworsen變黑暗裝牢；系緊增高；增強(qiáng)使變長(zhǎng)使潮濕使銳利；使敏銳加強(qiáng)；使鞏固使弱；

35、使稀薄使惡化；使變壞To be continued on the next page.suffix-en: made of; looking likebrazenearthengoldenleadenwooden黃銅制的；堅(jiān)硬的土制的；地球上的金制的；金色的鉛制的；沉悶的木制的；呆笨的The end of Word Building.The Use of “As“as is used as proposition e.g. They ate in silence, sleepy and yet on fire with excitement, for it was the first day

36、of their first spring sowing as man and wife. Para. 3b. “as+adj./adv./n.+as-clause/gerund phrase “as being an adverb, the second a conjunction e.g. Mary thought of as many things as there a. are in life. Para. 3To be continued on the next page. e.g. “ is there anything in this world as fine as eating dinner out in the open like this after doing a good mornings w