及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別

1、在英語(yǔ)中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語(yǔ)，可以把動(dòng)詞分成兩種：1、 及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞字典里詞后標(biāo)有vt. 的就是及物動(dòng)詞，字典里詞后標(biāo)有vi. 的就是不及物動(dòng)詞，而及物動(dòng)詞后能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象（即賓語(yǔ)）。所謂“及物”，“及”有“從后頭跟上、達(dá)到、關(guān)聯(lián)”等意，“及物”說(shuō)明需要帶“物”來(lái)完成一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作是有對(duì)象的，這個(gè)對(duì)象就是它后面要加的賓語(yǔ)，也就是通常意義上的賓語(yǔ)，一般后面可直接加賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，有被動(dòng)形式；而不及物動(dòng)詞是沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式的，它的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有對(duì)象，只是表示某種狀態(tài)。不可直接加賓語(yǔ)，需加上介詞,及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接加賓語(yǔ)，而不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可直接加賓語(yǔ)，一般要先加介詞后再接賓語(yǔ)。實(shí)際上很多動(dòng)詞既

2、是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞指可以接名詞·代詞·動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。注意：不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).2、不及物動(dòng)詞有：appearAppear calmcomeCome easy (safe)goGo mad (crazy, bad, sour, wrong, hungry, blind)getGet angry (ill, wet, excited, married, paid)fallFall asleep( fall ill, fall short, fall flat)feelFeel good (sleepy)keepKeep quiet (silent)l

3、ookLook fit (well, young, tired)makeMake certain (sure, ready, a good teacher)proveProve an effective method (correct, accurate)remainRemain still (unchanged)restRest satisfied (content)riseRise redseemSeem happystandStand stillstayStay young (stay fresh, the same)turnTurn teacher =become

4、a teacher (yellow)turn outhappenTurn out truehappen to sb3區(qū)別及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議?！癏ow long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里問(wèn)：“這本書(shū)我可以借多久?”不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整，后面不必跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)。如：Bird

5、s can fly. 鳥(niǎo)會(huì)飛。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。兩用動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況：a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意義不變。試比較：Shall I begin at once? 我可以立刻開(kāi)始嗎?(begin作不及物動(dòng)詞)She began working as a librarian after she left school. 她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書(shū)館管理員。(begin 作及物動(dòng)詞)When did they leave Chi

6、cago? 他們是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)芝加哥的？(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞)My watch stopped. 我的表停了。They left last week. 他們是上周離開(kāi)的。(left 作不及物動(dòng)詞)b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎?4與漢語(yǔ)的比較有時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語(yǔ)的用法不一樣，請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況：a)有的動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而英語(yǔ)則可用作及物動(dòng)詞，如arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，listen聽(tīng)。英

7、語(yǔ)里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車(chē)站。(at不能省去)(比較：We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽(tīng)講課。(to不可省去)(比較：We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?(to不可省去)b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語(yǔ)里則不能用作及物動(dòng)

8、詞，如serve為服務(wù)。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)。及物動(dòng)詞后可以加賓語(yǔ)，不及物動(dòng)詞后不可以加賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況：a 主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)?？梢杂糜冢?quot;主+謂+賓"；"主+謂+雙賓"；"主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand

9、me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.類似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell，.marry.b 主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。只能用于："主+謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。重點(diǎn)例句：This

10、 is the room which I once lived in. /This is the room in which I once lived. /This is the room where I once lived.類似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed get feel keep look make prove remain rest rise seem stand stay turn， tu

11、rn outc既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開(kāi)始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義；而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是"升高；舉起"。He lifted his glass and drank.類似的還有：beatvi.跳動(dòng) vt. 敲、打;grow vi.生長(zhǎng) vt.種植pla