languagepointsunit2BOOK3必修3第二單元語法

1、 Everybody has to eat, but do you eat a healthy diet? diet和和food都有都有“食物食物”的意思。的意思。但但diet指的是習慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物指的是習慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物, 特指維持健康的食物特指維持健康的食物, 如病人的療養(yǎng)食物。如病人的療養(yǎng)食物。 food是一般指凡能吃能喝的具有營養(yǎng)的東西是一般指凡能吃能喝的具有營養(yǎng)的東西, 是不可數名詞；但表示種類時是可數名詞。是不可數名詞；但表示種類時是可數名詞。 The doctor has ordered me a special diet.Too many sweet foods wi

2、ll make you fat.The doctor put him on a _ to keep thinner.We have _ to live, but not live to eat.The patient mustnt go without _, but she should have a _ without sugar.dietfoodfooddiet2. balanced diet 1) balanced 在此用作形容詞在此用作形容詞, 意為意為“平衡的平衡的”, “均衡的均衡的” You ought to have a balanced state of mind. 你應該保

3、持心態(tài)平衡。你應該保持心態(tài)平衡。2) v. 使均衡使均衡, 收支平衡收支平衡 Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit. 多吃一些水果多吃一些水果, 使飲食均衡。使飲食均衡。3) n. 平衡平衡, 天平天平 請爭取把工作和娛樂更好地結合起來。請爭取把工作和娛樂更好地結合起來。 Please gain a better balance between work and play.2) curiosity 作名詞作名詞, 意為意為“好奇心好奇心” 。常用短語常用短語: in /with curiosity 好奇地；好奇地； out of curio

4、sity 出于好奇。出于好奇。湯姆好奇地盯著我湯姆好奇地盯著我 。Tom stared at me in curiosity .他的好奇心使他成功了。他的好奇心使他成功了。His curiosity made him succeed .curiosity 做可數名詞時做可數名詞時, 意為意為“珍奇的東西珍奇的東西(事物事物);珍品珍品”。a curiosity shop 古玩店古玩店她對珍品感興趣。她對珍品感興趣。she was interested in curiosities.拓展拓展curiosity 的形容詞形式是的形容詞形式是curious .常用詞組常用詞組: be curious

5、 about 對對 感到好奇感到好奇be curious to do 極想做極想做。我極想知道他說了些什么。我極想知道他說了些什么。Im curious to know what he said.孩子們對周圍的每件事都感到好奇。孩子們對周圍的每件事都感到好奇。Children are curious about everything around them.2) get away with doing sth. (informal): not be punished for sth. 不因某事受懲罰不因某事受懲罰I wont have you getting away with cheatin

6、g in the exam.我不能容忍我不能容忍(允許允許)你考試作弊而不受處罰。你考試作弊而不受處罰。get away with sth.steal sth. and escape with it 偷攜某物潛逃偷攜某物潛逃The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.這些盜賊搶了銀行這些盜賊搶了銀行, 攜巨款潛逃。攜巨款潛逃。receive (a relatively light) punishment受到受到(較輕的處罰較輕的處罰)He was so lucky to get away with a fine fo

7、r such a serious mistake.他犯了如此嚴重的錯誤他犯了如此嚴重的錯誤, 僥幸只交了罰款了事。僥幸只交了罰款了事?！就卣埂颗c【拓展】與get 相關的短語相關的短語get across 越過越過; 通過通過; 被理解被理解get along 過活過活; 相處相處; 進展進展get down 寫下寫下; 記下記下get in 插話插話; 收收(莊嫁莊嫁) get in touch with sb 與某人聯系與某人聯系get rid of 除掉除掉; 擺脫擺脫; 處理掉處理掉get through 辦完辦完; 通過通過(考試考試); 打通打通(電話電話)get together

8、相聚相聚 get up 起床起床3) lie 作名詞作名詞, 意為意為“謊話謊話; 謊言謊言”。 湯姆經常說謊。湯姆經常說謊。 Tom often tells lies. lie 作及物動詞作及物動詞, 還可意為還可意為“躺躺; 位于位于”, 其過去式其過去式 是是lay, 過去分詞是過去分詞是lain, 現在分詞是現在分詞是lying。 如如: 他在床上躺了一整天了。他在床上躺了一整天了。 He has been lying in bed all day . 他在那里躺了兩個小時。他在那里躺了兩個小時。 He lay there for two hours . 我的學校位于城市的中央。我的學

9、校位于城市的中央。 My school lies in the centre of the city. lay 作及物動詞作及物動詞, 意為意為“放置放置; 產卵產卵; 下蛋下蛋”, 其其 過去式、過去分詞是過去式、過去分詞是laid, 現在分詞是現在分詞是laying。 如如: 你可以把草靠墻放。你可以把草靠墻放。 You can lay the straw against the wall. 【固定短語】【固定短語】lie down 一事無成一事無成 杰克在工作上一事無成。杰克在工作上一事無成。 Jack is lying down on the job. lie with 由由 決定決定

10、; 取決于取決于; 視視而定。而定。如如: Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.許多老師認為學生應該自己負責自己的學習許多老師認為學生應該自己負責自己的學習(而不是完全依賴老師而不是完全依賴老師)。 lie 作不及物動詞作不及物動詞, 意為意為“說謊說謊”, 其過去式、其過去式、過去分詞是過去分詞是lied, 現在分詞是現在分詞是lying 。 如如: 我的表走的不準了。我的表走的不準了。My watch is lying.8. win back 贏回贏回; 重新獲

11、得重新獲得 e.g. The Kuomingtang (KMT) won voters back in last election. We will win Taiwan back one day.9. The competition between the two restaurants was on! be on “表示表示(事情事情)正在或將要發(fā)生正在或將要發(fā)生”。 Theres a new film on at the cinema.3. She didnt look happy but glared at him. 她雙眼直瞪著他她雙眼直瞪著他, 看上去很不高興?？瓷先ズ懿桓吲d。 g

12、lare vi. 怒目而視怒目而視 glare at sb. 怒目注視某人怒目注視某人1) glance: glance (at, over) 看一眼看一眼 2) glimpse: catchget a glimpse of 瞥見瞥見to look at something quickly and briefly. to see by chance, just for a moment.瞥見瞥見, 一瞥一瞥 3) glare: glare at sb. 怒視某人怒視某人 4) stare: stare atinto 盯著盯著to stare angrily, freely. It emphas

13、izes hostility.怒視怒視, 瞪眼瞪眼 to gaze intently esp, with wide-open eyes. 盯盯, 凝視凝視 - What is the boss like? - I cant describe him well, I only caught a _ of him as he drove by. A. glance B. look C. stare D. glimpseD12. In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. 這樣這樣, 他們減少了飯菜中的

14、脂肪含量，他們減少了飯菜中的脂肪含量， 增加了纖維素。增加了纖維素。1) cut down 砍倒砍倒; 削減削減If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐樹木如果你砍伐樹木, 就會毀壞土地。就會毀壞土地。2) cut into 切成切成Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water .蔬菜應切成小碎塊放進開水里。蔬菜應切成小碎塊放進開水里。3) cut up 切碎切碎Mom is cutting up the meat

15、to make dumplings.媽媽正剁肉準備包餃子。媽媽正剁肉準備包餃子。4) cut off 切斷切斷; 停掉停掉Our water supply has been cut off again .我們的供水再次中斷。我們的供水再次中斷。13. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong hui put on more weight. 他們的平衡食譜如此成功以至于王鵬很快就他們的平衡食譜如此成功以至于王鵬很快就 瘦了瘦了, 而詠慧卻胖了。而詠慧卻

16、胖了。 辨析辨析: before long, long before before long 意為意為“不久以后不久以后”, 相當于相當于soon, ,可與一般過去時和一般將來時連用?？膳c一般過去時和一般將來時連用。I hope to see you before long. 我盼望不久就能見到你。我盼望不久就能見到你。2) long before 意為意為“很久以前很久以前”或或“在在 之之前很久前很久”。long before 可以單獨使用可以單獨使用, 也可以在也可以在before 后接名詞或從句。后接名詞或從句。Mark learned to read long before he s

17、tarted school. 馬克上學之前很早就學會了看書。馬克上學之前很早就學會了看書。注意注意 句型句型 it will be long before 意為意為“還要很久才還要很久才 ”; it wont be long before 意為意為“不要多久就不要多久就很快就很快就 ”。1. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.1) -ing 形式短語做伴隨狀語形式短語做伴隨狀語 He placed two tables together, spreading all the papers out on t

18、hem. Pretending to look frightened, I backed towards the door. She buried her head under the pillow, _. (cry) The children came into the sitting-room, _. (sing and dance)cryingsinging and dancingfrustrated 是形容詞是形容詞, 意為意為“ 失望的失望的, 失意的失意的”他感到既失意又惱火。他感到既失意又惱火。He feels frustrated and angry.frustrate v.

19、使挫敗使挫敗, 使不成功使不成功 The bad weather frustrates our hopes of having a picnic.壞天氣使我們野餐的愿望無法實現。壞天氣使我們野餐的愿望無法實現。2. prepare: vt. /vi. prepare sth. 準備準備 prepare for sth 為為準備準備 prepare sb. for sth 為某人作準備為某人作準備 prepare sb. to do 1) Will you help me _ the party? A. Prepare B. prepare for C. preparing for D. pre

20、pared for2) He is _ them to go on a holiday. A. prepared B. prepared for C. preparing D. preparing forBC3) He _ himself for defeat. A. prepared B. prepared for C. make preparation D. prepare to4) Whats that terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. have prepar

21、ed D. will prepareAB3. “Nothing could have been better.” he thought. =All his foods could have been best. 他想他想,“再沒有比這些更好吃的了再沒有比這些更好吃的了”。此句是用比較級的形式表示最高級含義。此句是用比較級的形式表示最高級含義。-How are you getting on?(你怎么樣你怎么樣?)-Nothing could be better.(再好不過了再好不過了)比較級否定形式比較級否定形式, 實際上是實際上是最高級最高級的含義的含義.“Did you sleep well

22、 last night?” “Never better, like a rock.” (再好不過再好不過)Nobody loved money better than he.I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling.-How did your father feel when he saw what a mess you had made?- He cant be _. (angry)angrier4. Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. 1) drive: vt. 驅趕驅趕 (動物動物), 驅使驅使 We

23、at last drove the enemy out of our country. 我們最后把敵人驅逐出我們的國家。我們最后把敵人驅逐出我們的國家。 The terrible noise drove me mad. 那噪音令我發(fā)瘋。那噪音令我發(fā)瘋。 5. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.amaze v. 吃驚吃驚, 使吃驚使吃驚 It amazed me to hear that you were leaving.be amazed at. 對對感到驚訝感到驚訝, 驚愕驚愕 You would be ama

24、zed at how difficult it was.拓展拓展 與與amaze 相關的短語相關的短語 be amazed at /by 對對 感到吃驚感到吃驚 be amazed to see 看到看到感到吃驚感到吃驚 be amazed to hear 聽到聽到感到吃驚感到吃驚 be amazed to find 發(fā)現發(fā)現感到吃驚感到吃驚辨析辨析especially, particularly, specially especially adv. 格外地格外地; 主要地主要地; 尤其尤其, 用于用于強調某種特別的感受強調某種特別的感受, 常用在介詞或連詞前。常用在介詞或連詞前。這兒的景色很

25、美這兒的景色很美, 尤其是有霧的時候。尤其是有霧的時候。The sight here is very beautiful, especially when there is fog. particularly adv. 尤其尤其; 格外地格外地, 通常以不尋常通常以不尋常的方式突出某一事物的個性或獨特之處。的方式突出某一事物的個性或獨特之處。它可以與它可以與especially 通用通用, 但更強調但更強調“與眾不同與眾不同”。這種手冊對中學生尤其有用。這種手冊對中學生尤其有用。This handbook is particularly useful for middle school stu

26、dents. specially adv. 專門專門; 特別地特別地 這些鞋專門為你制作的。這些鞋專門為你制作的。 These shoes were specially made for you.7. He couldnt have Yonghui getting away with telling people lies. He did not want Yong Hui to tell lies and people to believe her.1) have + sth/sb + do /doing /done I had my hair cut yesterday. If you w

27、ill have me stay, I will stay. 如果你讓我留下如果你讓我留下, 我就留下。我就留下。 We had the enemy surrounded. I cant have you saying so to your parents. Dont have the water running.10. Want to feel fit and energetic? feel 在這里用做系動詞在這里用做系動詞, fit為表語為表語, 構成構成 系表結構。系表結構。feel + adj 摸起來有摸起來有感覺感覺 The water feels cold.2) feel + 賓語

28、賓語+不定式不定式(省省to)/現在分詞現在分詞 He feels his health improve / improving.3) feel+(it)+賓補賓補+不定式不定式(真正賓語真正賓語) She feels it necessary to tell them the news.6. It cost more than a good meal in his own restaurant. cost 表示某物值表示某物值 sth cost 花費花費 spend 指人花費指人花費. sb spend sth on/in doing sth take 指某物指某物/人花費或需要多少時間人花

29、費或需要多少時間, it takes sb/ sth to dopay 付款買付款買 pay for costspent takes spendsHow much does it _?She _ a lot of money on books.It _ her 20 minutes to go to school.= she _ 20 minutes to go to school.Eat healthily, and be healthy! earn one living by.=live by.= make a living by. He earned his living by begg

30、ing from door to door. 表示表示“謀生謀生”的短語：的短語： earn a living earn ones living make a living make ones livingearn vt. 掙得掙得; 贏得贏得His success earned him a prize.He earned fame by helping the students.He and his wife each _ 10 yuan an hour. earns B. earn C. spends D. takesBafter all 意為意為“終究終究; 結果結果” , 表示結果與表

31、示結果與預想不同預想不同, 通常置于句尾通常置于句尾, 也可以表示也可以表示“畢竟畢竟”, 引出原因引出原因, 通常置于句首。通常置于句首。It has turned out to be a nice day after all.天氣終于轉晴了。天氣終于轉晴了。1. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. 也許他仍然能夠謀生，也許他仍然能夠謀生， 而不至于關張了。而不至于關張了?！就卣埂俊就卣埂縜fter all 作介詞作介詞, 表示表示“雖然雖然”。

32、After all his efforts, he also failed this time.雖然他很努力雖然他很努力, 但他這次還是失敗了。但他這次還是失敗了。1) debt: C 債務債務; 欠款欠款be in debt: 欠債欠債be out of debt: 還清債務還清債務be in sbs debt: 欠某人之情欠某人之情You saved my life, I am forever in your debt.他救了我的命他救了我的命, 我永遠感恩不盡。我永遠感恩不盡。2) no longer=not .any longer 不再不再He no longer loves here

33、.I cant wait any longer.no more表示數量上或程度上表示數量上或程度上“不再不再”no longer 表示時間上表示時間上“不再不再”延續(xù)延續(xù)He is no more a student.He is no longer young.2. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他可不希望由于餐館不受歡迎而負債。他可不希望由于餐館不受歡迎而負債。4. I thought you were a new customer and now I

34、 know you only came to spy on me and my menu.我本來以為你是一位新顧客我本來以為你是一位新顧客, 現在我才發(fā)現你現在我才發(fā)現你只是過來打探我和我的菜譜的。只是過來打探我和我的菜譜的。 only to spy. 在句中做目的狀語在句中做目的狀語 only to do sth. 表示一個與主語愿望相反的表示一個與主語愿望相反的 或出乎主語預料的結果或出乎主語預料的結果, 或用來暗示最初的或用來暗示最初的 未能實現的動作。未能實現的動作。 only doing sth. 表示謂語動詞本身的動作表示謂語動詞本身的動作 造成的結果。造成的結果。For near

35、ly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to come again the next day.He died, only leaving nothing but debts.5. Why dont you sit down and try a meal ? 你為什么不坐下來吃頓飯呢？你為什么不坐下來吃頓飯呢？ “Why dont you + 動詞原形？動詞原形？” 相當于相當于“why not+動詞原形？動詞原形？” 表示建議表示建議, 意為意為“為什么不為什么不 ?” Why not come and join u

36、s ? 為什么不加入我們呢？為什么不加入我們呢？【注意】【注意】 “why not + 動詞原形動詞原形?”和和“why +動詞原形動詞原形?”兩個句型中兩個句型中, 前者表示建議前者表示建議, 后者表示責備、不贊成。后者表示責備、不贊成。Why argue with her ?為什么要與她爭吵呢？為什么要與她爭吵呢？(不贊成你與她爭吵不贊成你與她爭吵)1. 用用lets或或shall I/we來表示對第一人稱的建議來表示對第一人稱的建議Lets +動詞原形動詞原形。我們自己來刷漆。我們自己來刷漆。Lets paint it ourselves有時可加上有時可加上shall we? 我們今天把

37、油漆弄來我們今天把油漆弄來, 好嗎？好嗎？ Lets get the paint today, shall we?shall I/we+動詞原形動詞原形我們邀請比爾好嗎？我們邀請比爾好嗎？Shall we invite Bill?有關建議或勸告的句型歸納有關建議或勸告的句型歸納對對Lets 或或 shall we表示的建議的肯定答語中表示的建議的肯定答語中可以用可以用yes或或Lets。Lets not可用做帶玩笑口氣的否定回答：可用做帶玩笑口氣的否定回答：我們把帳篷帶上吧。我們把帳篷帶上吧?？蓜e！可別！Lets take the tentLets not！或引導一個否定的建議：或引導一個否定

38、的建議：我們別出發(fā)得太早。我們別出發(fā)得太早。Lets not start too early這里也可以用這里也可以用dont lets:Dont lets start too early(譯文同上譯文同上)2. what/how about +動名詞動名詞/名詞：名詞：我們睡在哪兒？我們睡在哪兒？Where shall we sleep?租一輛旅行拖車怎么樣？租一輛旅行拖車怎么樣？ What about renting a caravan?那么住在那么住在“供應住宿和早餐供應住宿和早餐”服務的小客店服務的小客店怎么樣？怎么樣？What about a bed and breakfast pla

39、ce?3. must, ought to 和和 should 可用來表示勸告：可用來表示勸告：你該讀一讀這本書你該讀一讀這本書, 這本書非常好。這本書非常好。 You must read this bookIts very good你應該自己種菜吃。你應該自己種菜吃。You should grow your own vegetables你應當種幾棵樹。你應當種幾棵樹。You ought to plant some trees4. You had better +不帶不帶to的不定式：的不定式：你最好把濕鞋子脫掉。你最好把濕鞋子脫掉。 Youd better take off your wet

40、shoes你最好不要再等了。你最好不要再等了。Youd better not wait any longerhad better 可用于第三人稱：可用于第三人稱：他最好別再服用那些藥片。他最好別再服用那些藥片。 Hed better stop taking those pills5. if I were you I should/would：如果我是你如果我是你, 我就買一輛汽車了。我就買一輛汽車了。 If I were you Id buy a car這種形式常常被縮略為這種形式常常被縮略為I should/would。在間接引語中在間接引語中 If I were you I should/

41、would由由advise+賓語結構來轉述：賓語結構來轉述：他勸我買輛汽車。他勸我買輛汽車。 He advised me to buy a car6. I advise/would advise you+不定式：不定式：(你要是問我的意見的話你要是問我的意見的話) 我勸你馬上去申請。我勸你馬上去申請。I (would) advise you to apply at onceI advise/would advise+動名詞：動名詞：I(d) advise applying at once(譯文同上譯文同上)7. why dont you / Why not do ？可表示勸告或建議：可表示勸告

42、或建議：你為什么不學彈吉它？你為什么不學彈吉它？ Why dont you / Why not learn to play your guitar？你為什么不休假？你為什么不休假？Why dont you / Why not take a holiday？8. it is time you + 過去時態(tài)：過去時態(tài)：你該買一件新外衣了。你該買一件新外衣了。It is time you bought a new coat6. Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoy the dumplings and breast of chick

43、en cooked with garlic.1) agree with sb./with ones words 表示同意某人、同意某人的話或觀點表示同意某人、同意某人的話或觀點, 含有含有贊賞地、肯定地對待某事之意。贊賞地、肯定地對待某事之意。2) be agreed (on /about sth.) 意為意為“達成協議達成協議; 意見一致意見一致”。 agree to sth. 表示表示“同意某事或某項建議同意某事或某項建議”, 后面只能接表示后面只能接表示“提議提議, 計劃計劃, 方案方案”的名詞。的名詞。We are all agreed on the best action. I ag

44、ree to their suggestion.3) agree to do sth. 表示表示“同意做某事同意做某事”， 但不說但不說 agree sb. to do sth. 4) agree 后面接從句后面接從句 We all agree that he is wrong.7. I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food. 吃了這么多油膩的、難消化的食物吃了這么多油膩的、難消化的食物, 我都覺的惡心了。我都覺的惡心了。heavy food: difficult to digest (指食物指食物) 難消化的難消化的8. Wang peng w

45、as enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed . 王鵬正在吃另一盤餃子，因此他嘆了一口氣王鵬正在吃另一盤餃子，因此他嘆了一口氣此句中的不定冠詞此句中的不定冠詞a 放在序數詞前面是放在序數詞前面是“又一個；又一個；再另一個再另一個” 。The boss asked a third one whose turn it is to be on duty tonight . 老板又問一個人今天晚上誰值班。老板又問一個人今天晚上誰值班。注意注意序數詞前不表示特指時序數詞前不表示特指時, 可以使用不定冠詞可以使用不定冠詞a/an;表示特指時要使用

46、定冠詞表示特指時要使用定冠詞the 。Are you going to learn a second language in the third grade ? 你在三年級要學另外一門外語嗎？你在三年級要學另外一門外語嗎？9. “Well , I do have to rest a lot ,” “噢噢, 我的確需要好好休息我的確需要好好休息, ” do 在這里起強調謂語動詞的作用。在這里起強調謂語動詞的作用。 I do like music. 我確實喜歡音樂。我確實喜歡音樂。【注意】英語中強調謂語動詞時使用【注意】英語中強調謂語動詞時使用do 的形式的形式;強調除了謂語動詞之外的其他句子成分

47、時使用強調除了謂語動詞之外的其他句子成分時使用句型句型It is /was that , 把強調的部分放在把強調的部分放在that 前面。前面。 think 后的賓語從句是虛擬語氣后的賓語從句是虛擬語氣, 表示表示與現在事實相反的假設。與現在事實相反的假設。 10. But dont you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? 不過不過, 難道你不認為瘦一點更好嗎難道你不認為瘦一點更好嗎? 與現在事實相反與現在事實相反, 條件從句中的謂語動詞條件從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去式用一般過去式 (be的過去式用的過去式用 were),

48、 而主句而主句中的謂語動詞用中的謂語動詞用“would (should, could, might) +動詞原形動詞原形”。If we had time, we would go with you If I were you, I would study hard.2) 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反, 條件從句中的謂語動詞條件從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時用過去完成時, 主句中的謂語動詞用主句中的謂語動詞用“would (should, could, might) + have 過去分詞過去分詞 ”。If you had come earlier, you would have met him

49、3) 與將來事實相反與將來事實相反, 條件從句和主句所用條件從句和主句所用的謂語動詞與表示與現在事實相反的假設的謂語動詞與表示與現在事實相反的假設的謂語動詞相同的謂語動詞相同, 或條件從句中用或條件從句中用“ were to (should) +動詞原形動詞原形 ”。If you dropped the glass, it would breakIf it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go outIf it should rain, the crops would be saved4) 如果條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示如果條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時, 動詞的形式動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間來調整。要根據它所表示的時間來調整。If you had studied hard, you w