摭談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)教材的文本再構(gòu)的作用

1、摭談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)教材的文本再構(gòu)的作用摭談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)教材的文本再構(gòu)的作用應(yīng)天棟，浙江省上虞市實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)（應(yīng)天棟，浙江省上虞市實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)（312300312300）。）。文本再構(gòu)是在基于教材文本，基于學(xué)生學(xué)情的前提下，將各種教學(xué)資源變成為學(xué)生語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)文本的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程。英語(yǔ)教材是英語(yǔ)課程資源的核心部分。不一樣的經(jīng)歷，不一樣的體驗(yàn)，必然帶來(lái)差異化和個(gè)性化的解讀。體會(huì)不同，體驗(yàn)差異，感受個(gè)性，或許就是作為教師教學(xué)最大的幸福所在。為了這份幸福，我們需要不斷地走進(jìn)學(xué)生的生活，將教材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理性解構(gòu)，動(dòng)態(tài)生成教材文本內(nèi)容，師生在實(shí)施教材時(shí)對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行個(gè)性化和同步化的再構(gòu)，從而使師生不再被教材所束縛。一、基于教材詞匯內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)英

2、語(yǔ)教材是一個(gè)“文本”和語(yǔ)言范本，詞匯內(nèi)容是其中最基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。它既是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的最基本內(nèi)容，又是發(fā)展學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力和積累語(yǔ)言知識(shí)非常重要的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，教材本身呈現(xiàn)的詞匯容量是有限的，師生教學(xué)過(guò)程中所需的有些材料不一定都能在教材中充分體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這就要求教師認(rèn)真鉆研教材，運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造性的教學(xué)思維，串聯(lián)相關(guān)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，引入基于教材內(nèi)容的相關(guān)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材詞匯內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)。如在進(jìn)行 PEP Book7 Unit 4 關(guān)于職業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，課本中出現(xiàn)的職業(yè)單詞較少，難以表達(dá)大部分學(xué)生的真實(shí)信息。因此，教師應(yīng)適時(shí)加入能反映學(xué)生真實(shí)信息的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，如 staff，cook，house wife，busi

3、nessman，manager 等詞匯。正是在基于教材文本的同時(shí)，根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，對(duì)語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容進(jìn)行了豐富，學(xué)生才出現(xiàn)相對(duì)比較真實(shí)和豐富的語(yǔ)言輸出。例如：Student 1: My father is short and big. He is a cook. He cancook yummy food. He likes eating. And he doesnt like sports. Thatswhy he looks so big. But I love my dad, he always cooks yummy foodfor me and plays with me.Student 2:

4、 My mother is a house wife. She always stays athome. But she is very helpful and nice. She always cooks nice foodfor my dad and me. She cleans the house and washes the clothes for us.Sometimes she also helps with my homework. We often go shoppingtogether. My mom is my good friend. I love her.這種對(duì)教材的再

5、構(gòu)是在確定了教學(xué)目標(biāo)、任務(wù)的前提下，依據(jù)教材本身的特點(diǎn)和學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，精選最能反映任務(wù)的內(nèi)容，簡(jiǎn)明扼要、深入淺出地再構(gòu)教材，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)教材語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的合理運(yùn)用，實(shí)現(xiàn)有效、高效的課堂教學(xué)，提高學(xué)生對(duì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的適應(yīng)性。二、基于教材對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)基于教材對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)，是指挖掘和開(kāi)發(fā)教材中語(yǔ)言的文化、知識(shí)和思想，加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的感受和體驗(yàn)，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生視覺(jué)上、聽(tīng)覺(jué)上和思維上已有的豐富信息，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力的提升。在實(shí)踐中，筆者嘗試運(yùn)用畫(huà)本等載體充實(shí)對(duì)話(huà)背景，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和感知語(yǔ)言，創(chuàng)設(shè)具有比較豐富的語(yǔ)言情境的對(duì)話(huà)文本。如針對(duì)五年級(jí)的對(duì)話(huà)形式比較簡(jiǎn)單，在進(jìn)行文本再構(gòu)時(shí)，教師除了可以利用旁邊插圖豐

6、富學(xué)生的表達(dá)之外，還可以在對(duì)話(huà)的上面加上一定的背景介紹，例如 PEP Book 6 Unit 5 Part B Lets talk：Go to the ZooWu Yifan and John are in the zoo. They see many funny animals.They like animals very much. Now, they are going to the elephanthouse.Wu: What do you see?John: I see two elephants.Wu: What are they doing?John: They are drin

7、king water.Now, they are going to the monkey house. There are manymonkeys. They are playing together.Wu: Can you see the monkeys?John: Yes. They are swinging.Now, they are going to the_house. There are_.Wu: _.John: _.How happy they are!通過(guò)這樣的教材文本再構(gòu)，不但豐富了學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言感知內(nèi)容和途徑，同時(shí)通過(guò)類(lèi)似平臺(tái)的搭建，為學(xué)生語(yǔ)言輸出的豐富和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力的提升創(chuàng)設(shè)

8、了機(jī)會(huì)。三、基于教材語(yǔ)段內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)在中、高年級(jí)教材中出現(xiàn)了信息更加豐富、內(nèi)容更加飽滿(mǎn)的語(yǔ)段知識(shí)，但教材中的語(yǔ)段多以對(duì)話(huà)形式出現(xiàn)，缺少真正的語(yǔ)段內(nèi)容。因此，教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，既可以通過(guò)變換人稱(chēng)復(fù)述對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容，構(gòu)建真正的語(yǔ)段內(nèi)容，也可以選用一些與學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密的課外語(yǔ)言資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)教材語(yǔ)段內(nèi)容的文本再構(gòu)。如在學(xué)習(xí) PEP Book 6 Unit 2 My Favourite Season Part B Readand write 后，教師為了進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言輸出的興趣，鼓勵(lì)其表達(dá)自己對(duì)生活的體驗(yàn)和感受，在單元復(fù)習(xí)階段引入了課外英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)材料 Little Fox 的One Fall Day

9、（見(jiàn)圖 1、圖 2、圖 3、圖 4）。教師利用 Flash 中呈現(xiàn)的豐富語(yǔ)言信息和語(yǔ)言情境，組織和引導(dǎo)進(jìn)行分點(diǎn)討論，比如說(shuō)故事里看到的天氣、人物的服飾、看到的景物、人物的活動(dòng)等。1. Whats the weather like in fall in this story?Usually it is sunny. It is windy. It is cloudy. Sometimes itis rainy. It is often warm, but it is getting colder.2. What do the people wear in this story?They can

10、wear sweater with the shirt. They can wear jeans andsneakers. They can wear sweater with pants.3. What do you see in fall in this story?We see many falling leaves. The leaves are yellow and orange.Some are red. Some are golden.We see many animals. They are busy for winter. The squirrelsare gathering

11、 the nuts. The birds are flying away.We see many people. Some are picking up fruits. Some arecarving the pumpkins.4. What do the people do in fall in this story?They can have a walk with friends. They can go hiking withfriends. They can do some farm work. They can make pumpkin lanternsfor Halloween.

12、 They can do some gardening.這樣話(huà)題式的討論，通過(guò)對(duì)教材文本的再構(gòu)和擴(kuò)充，充實(shí)了學(xué)生對(duì)話(huà)題內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，豐富了學(xué)生對(duì)話(huà)題內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，同時(shí)激發(fā)了學(xué)生對(duì)話(huà)題內(nèi)容的情感體驗(yàn)。正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑢W(xué)生在接下來(lái)的環(huán)節(jié)中，進(jìn)行了個(gè)性化、差異化的闡述，表達(dá)了對(duì)話(huà)題內(nèi)容的不同感受。例如：Student 1: The days are short and cold. I am playing outsidewith my friend. There are few people. It is so quiet. There are no birds and other animal

13、s. Wecant see any fish in the river. We cant see many leaves on thetrees. The sky is gray. All of things are sleeping. It is so boring.I dont like winter.Student 2: The animals are busy in spring. The squirrel isplaying and jumping in the trees. The birds are flying and singing inthe sky. The fish are swimming in the water. The trees are dancing inthe wind. People are busy too. Some kids are playing football. Someare having a picnic. Some are flying kites. Where am I? Haha, I amrunning with my dog. Oh, what a busy fa