新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)book1 unit5

1、Do Animals Have a Culture?IntroductionPara.1Presenting the questions: 1) Do animals have a culture as we human beings do? 2) What is culture?BodyPara.2-5Animals can use and make tools themselves, learn and share behavior and communicate with some forms of language.ConclusionPara.6There are limits to

2、 the culture of animals.Organization AnalysisDetailed ReadingDetailed Readinghumans also human beings, the human race, man, mankind, humankind 人類人類Dogs can hear much better than humans.Humans are equal in the eyes of the law.a way of life also a way of living, lifestyle the behavior, habits, customs

3、 etc. that are typical of a particular society or person 生活方式生活方式Regular exercise is part of a healthy way of life. The tribes traditional way of life is under threat. 1. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group differe

4、nt from another group.正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It + be + 要強(qiáng)調(diào)部分要強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (或或who, which) + 句子其它部分。句子其它部分。TranslationCommentsExamples1) It was Tom who/that met your sister in the zoo yesterday.2) It was in the zoo that Tom met your siste

5、r yesterday.3) It was yesterday that Tom met your sister in the zoo.defense n. C weapon, barrier, etc. used for defending or protecting 用于保衛(wèi)或保護(hù)的武器、屏障；防御能力用于保衛(wèi)或保護(hù)的武器、屏障；防御能力The immune system is the bodys defense against infection. U defending from attack; fighting against attack 保護(hù)；保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)They commit

6、ted themselves to the defense of human rights.Politicians are skilled at defending themselves against their critics.How can you defend such behavior?defend v. 1. protect sb./sth. from harm; guard sb./sth. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attack.We need to def

7、end against military aggression.2. to say or write sth in support of sb./sth. 辯解；辯白辯解；辯白case n. C (usually singular) a situation that exists, esp. as it affects a particular person or group 實(shí)情，情況實(shí)情，情況It may be the case that the scheme will need more money.In this case, several solutions could be tri

8、ed.2. For example, chimpanzees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. 例如，有人看到黑猩猩把例如，有人看到黑猩猩把樹(shù)葉扯掉，將樹(shù)枝伸進(jìn)白樹(shù)葉扯掉，將樹(shù)枝伸進(jìn)白蟻巢穴。蟻巢穴?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)stripping和和putting是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。TranslationCommentsExamplesThe children were seen playing in the

9、 playground. prove v. 1. turn out to be; be seen or found to be 結(jié)果是；被發(fā)現(xiàn)是結(jié)果是；被發(fā)現(xiàn)是The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.2. show that sth. is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 證明；證實(shí)證明；證實(shí)To prove his point, he mentioned several other experiments which had produced simil

10、ar results.They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.3. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Center in Japan.Translation日本京都大學(xué)猴子研究中心對(duì)一群日本猴進(jìn)行過(guò)研究。日本京都大學(xué)猴子研究中心對(duì)一群日本猴進(jìn)行過(guò)研究。 “a group of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)形式也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，主要看說(shuō)話人的出發(fā)用單數(shù)形式也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，主要看說(shuō)

11、話人的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。如果把這個(gè)點(diǎn)。如果把這個(gè) group 作為整體看，作為整體看， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)形式。用單數(shù)形式。ExamplesComments1) A group of pilgrims is visiting Mecca. 一批朝圣者正在游覽麥加。一批朝圣者正在游覽麥加。2) A group of us are going to the theatre this evening. 我們中有些人今晚要去戲院看戲。我們中有些人今晚要去戲院看戲。4. The practice soon spread throughout the group. Translation這一做法馬上傳遍

12、了整個(gè)猴群。這一做法馬上傳遍了整個(gè)猴群。The word “practice” is here used as a noun, meaning “the way sth. is usually done, a habit(常規(guī)，慣例常規(guī)，慣例)”. In this sentence, it refers to washing the sweet potato to get rid of the sand.Commentspractice n. way of doing sth. that is common or habitual 慣例；常規(guī)慣例；常規(guī)It is the practice in

13、 Britain to drive on the left.Its common practice in many countries for pupils to repeat a year if their grades are low.I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.spread v. 1. to become known about or used by more and more people; to tell a lot of people about sth. 傳播；散播傳播；散播The news spread

14、like wildfire.Andy loves spreading rumors about his colleagues.2. to affect more people or a larger area 傳染；蔓延傳染；蔓延The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.The cancer had spread to her liver.attemptn. the act of trying to do sth., esp. sth. difficult 試圖；嘗試；試圖；嘗試；努力努力The protesters made no attempt

15、 to resist arrest.She passed her driving test at the first attempt.v. try to do sth., esp. sth. difficult 試圖；嘗試；試圖；嘗試； 努力努力Weather conditions prevented them from attempting the jump.The fox attempted to reach the grapes but failed.originally adv. in the beginning, before other things happened or bef

16、ore things changed 最初；起先；本來(lái)最初；起先；本來(lái)The family originally came from France.The building was originally used as a prison.We originally intended to stay for just a few days.limit n. (also limits) the greatest possible amount of sth. that can exist or be obtained 限度；極限限度；極限the limits of human knowledgeH

17、ed reached the limit of his patience. C the greatest or lease amount, number, speed etc. that is allowed 允許或可能的限度；限量允許或可能的限度；限量There is a limit to the time you have to take the test.She set a limit on how much he spent on clothes.limitation n. C (usually plural) qualities that stop someone or sth. f

18、rom being as good or as effective as you wish they could be: weakness 局限性局限性Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.Its a good car, but it has its limitations.Directions: Work in pairs to decide which of the italicized words or phrases fits the sentence best.1) This

19、 detergent will remove/move all stains from your clothes. 辨析辨析 remove: take sth. away from a place move: change position or place2) She has just accepted/received the invitation to the film stars 50th birthday party, I dont know if she will accept/receive it.辨析辨析 receive an invitation: get an invita

20、tion accept an invitation: say yes to an invitation3) Do you allow/agree your children to cross the street by themselves?辨析辨析 allow: let sb. do sth. agree: have the same opinion4) I have later/lately received a number of letters about this problem.辨析辨析 lately: recently later: a time after the presen

21、t time辨析辨析 shore: the land along the edge of a sea, lake or wide river beach: an area of sand or small stones beside the sea or other area of water6) The math teacher taught/trained algebra in five classed each day.辨析辨析 train: give sb. the knowledge needed to do a jobteach: provide instruction in a

22、particular subject5) The boat was about a mile off the beach/shore when the engine suddenly died.7) I studied the mysterious object/subject that fell from the sky.辨析辨析 object: sth. that can be seen and touched subject: sth. that is discussed, examined or researched辨析辨析 attack: try to hurt or defeat sb. using violence attract: draw sb. towards oneself 8) These flowers are brightly colored in order to attack/attract butterflies.Directions: Translate the following sentences into Engl