必修五1單元using_language

1、He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.Nicolaus CopernicusTranslate the following Phrases into Chinese1.be frightened2.be confused. 3.ignore4.mathemat

2、ical calculations5.lead to (doing)6.the solar system 7.make sense8.Christian Church 9.punish sb for sth1.害怕的害怕的2.迷惑的，困惑的迷惑的，困惑的3.忽視，不理睬忽視，不理睬4.數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算5.導(dǎo)致，通向?qū)е?，通?.太陽系太陽系7.有意義，講的通有意義，講的通8.基督教堂基督教堂9.由于某事懲罰某人由于某事懲罰某人課前預(yù)習(xí)詞組課前預(yù)習(xí)詞組 Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although h

3、e had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful C

4、hristian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system. 熟讀課文找出下列知識(shí)點(diǎn)：熟讀課文找出下列知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1.同位語從句同位語從句 2.only 提前的倒裝提前的倒裝 3.講得通講得通4.會(huì)因?yàn)闀?huì)因?yàn)槎鴳土P某人而懲罰某人 5.體會(huì)過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法體會(huì)過去時(shí)

5、和過去完成時(shí)的用法6.must be的含義的含義 7.由于那種原因由于那種原因 8.讓步狀語從句的使用讓步狀語從句的使用 1.有有同位語從句同位語從句的抽象名詞有：的抽象名詞有：news，idea，belief, word，fact, rumor, order, plan hope, planHe got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 2.only + 狀語放在句首時(shí)。狀語放在句首時(shí)。 （部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）Only then did I know it was true. 3.would have punis

6、hed him for doing sth4.They believed God had made the world. 5.must必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)必須，應(yīng)當(dāng) Your homework must be clear and complete.你的作業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚完整。你的作業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚完整。He must be working , for his light was still on.他肯定還在工作，因?yàn)樗堇锏臒暨€在亮著。他肯定還在工作，因?yàn)樗堇锏臒暨€在亮著。Translate the following Phrases into English. 1.be frightened2.be confu

7、sed. 3.ignore4.mathematical calculations5.lead to (doing)6.the solar system 7.make sense8.Christian Church 9.punish sb for sth10. mustbe 表示表示 推斷用于肯定句推斷用于肯定句1.害怕的害怕的2.迷惑的，困惑的迷惑的，困惑的3.忽視，不理睬忽視，不理睬4.數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算5.導(dǎo)致；通向?qū)е?；通?.太陽系太陽系7.有意義，講的通有意義，講的通8.基督教堂基督教堂9.由于某事懲罰某人由于某事懲罰某人課后復(fù)習(xí)詞組課后復(fù)習(xí)詞組 The problem arose b

8、ecause astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 【at other times 】This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

9、Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory u

10、ntil he felt it was complete. 熟讀課文回答下列問題熟讀課文回答下列問題3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.4. When did Copernicus com

11、plete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.課后復(fù)習(xí)詞組課后復(fù)習(xí)詞組Translate the following Phrases into English.1.arise (arose arisen)2.astronomers 3.move backward 4.go forward5. in a loop6.some.Others 7.at times 8.at others9.col

12、lect observations 10.work on 11.gradually improving1.出現(xiàn)，升起出現(xiàn)，升起2. 天文學(xué)家天文學(xué)家3.向后面移動(dòng)向后面移動(dòng)4.前進(jìn)前進(jìn)5.一個(gè)環(huán)形一個(gè)環(huán)形6.一些一些.另一些另一些7.有時(shí)候有時(shí)候8.其他時(shí)候其他時(shí)候9.收集觀察結(jié)果收集觀察結(jié)果10.從事從事11.逐漸提高逐漸提高 In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the

13、centre of the solarsystem with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic

14、and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not wantto be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was againstGods idea and people who

15、supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviousl

16、y wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. 雖然他

17、曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)字雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)字, 然而他所有的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算都得出同樣然而他所有的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算都得出同樣一個(gè)結(jié)論一個(gè)結(jié)論: 地球不是太陽系的中心。地球不是太陽系的中心。Language Points Language Points lead to 引起引起; 造成造成; 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致This will probably lead to trouble in the future.This led to his conclusion that she was guilty.Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.A

18、ll roads lead to Rome.條條大道通羅馬。條條大道通羅馬。The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtClead to + n doing2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太陽放在中心位置上

19、只有你把太陽放在中心位置上, 天空中天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚?！皁nly + 副詞副詞 /介詞短語介詞短語/狀語從句狀語從句” 位于句首位于句首, 句子要倒裝。句子要倒裝。=The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. Only if your identity身份身份 has been checked,_. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you a

20、llow in D. will you be allowed inDOnly then did I realize the importance of knowledge. Only in this way can we work out themaths problem. Only when _ the truth, _ to realize that she was wrong. A. did Mary hear; did she begin B. Mary hear; she began C. did Mary hear;she began D. Mary heard; did she

21、beginDonly if 只有只有; 只要只要The company will succeed only if it have sufficient backing. If only he came early yesterday.如果昨天他能早點(diǎn)來就好了如果昨天他能早點(diǎn)來就好了類似的用法有：類似的用法有：wish , would rather注意用法規(guī)則：對(duì)現(xiàn)在注意用法規(guī)則：對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬用一般過去時(shí)，對(duì)過去虛擬用過去完成時(shí)。虛擬用一般過去時(shí)，對(duì)過去虛擬用過去完成時(shí)。uI wish I were you.if only I were you/Id rather I were youuIf on

22、ly I had listened to the talk.I wish/I would ratheruWould you mind my smoking here?uI would rather you didnt .Only if the teacher gives a permission can I enter the lab.make sense 有意義有意義, 有道理有道理, 說得通說得通 1) What you say makes no sense. 3) Can you make sense of this poem?你說的話沒有道理你說的話沒有道理你看得懂這首詩嗎？看得懂這首

23、詩嗎？(理解或弄懂理解或弄懂)1)表示對(duì)過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)表示對(duì)過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè),或或本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成,通常通常用來說明某一情況用來說明某一情況, 但不象但不象should或或ought to 那樣含有責(zé)備之意。如：那樣含有責(zé)備之意。如：would have done3. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.

24、 2) 相關(guān)知識(shí)總結(jié)相關(guān)知識(shí)總結(jié)：neednt have + + 過去分詞過去分詞, , 表示做了不必表示做了不必做的事做的事, , 譯為譯為“其實(shí)沒必要其實(shí)沒必要”should have have + + 過去分詞過去分詞, , 表示應(yīng)該做某事表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做但實(shí)際上未做, , 譯為譯為“本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該”should not have + + 過去分詞過去分詞, , 表示本不應(yīng)該表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了做某事但實(shí)際上做了, , 譯為譯為“本不應(yīng)該本不應(yīng)該”4. work on 1) 從事從事She is working on a new novel.(= She is writ

25、ing a new novel.)2) 繼續(xù)工作繼續(xù)工作Theyll work on till sunset.他們將繼續(xù)工作他們將繼續(xù)工作, 直到日落。直到日落。3) 致力于致力于work atHe has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多來近一年多來, 他一直在寫一部新小說。他一直在寫一部新小說。6. enthusiastic: adj. 熱心的熱心的, 滿腔熱情的滿腔熱情的enthusiastic support 熱情的支持熱情的支持 be enthusiastic about 對(duì)某事充滿熱情對(duì)某事充滿熱情5. com

26、plete vt. & adj. 完成完成;完整的完整的,完成的完成的 The workers havent completed the house yet. (vt.)When will the work be complete? (adj.)complete with 配有配有The hall quite cool , complete with air conditioners.7. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上, 而行星而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn), 只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。with the planets going round it是是with + 賓語賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu), 在句中作狀語。在句中作狀語。這一這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語, 作賓補(bǔ)的可以作賓補(bǔ)的可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等。現(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納