五年高考（2011-2015）英語試題分項(xiàng)精析版專題25閱讀理解之文化教育記類（原卷版）Word版缺答案

1、精品5年高考分類精編之專題25 閱讀理解之文化教育記類2015文化教育類【2015湖北卷】EScience has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(誘惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David B

2、rooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than

3、his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wi

4、de range of disciplines（學(xué)科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常規(guī)的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, p

5、erhaps in order to keep the readers attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of

6、his characters.On the whole,Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainl

7、y not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to_.A. illustrate where science can b

8、e appliedB. demonstrate the value of Brookss new bookC. remind the reader of the importance of scienceD. explain why many writers use science in their works68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?A. Its strong basis.B. Its convincing points.C. Its clear wri

9、ting.D. Its memorable characters.69.What is the authors general attitude towards the book?A. Contradictory.B. Supportive.C . Cautious.D. Critical.70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A. Problems with the book.B. Brookss life experience.C. Death of the characters.D. Br

10、ookss translation skills. 【2015北京卷】D Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of

11、their children who are attending college. Surveys (調(diào)查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than i

12、t was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” chil

13、dren. In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? P

14、robably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - todays grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a b

15、arrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon i

16、s neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is u

17、seful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.67. The surveys inform us of _.A. the development of technologyB. the changes of adult childrens behaviorC. the parents over-protection of their colle

18、ge childrenD. the means and expenses of students communication68. The writer believes that _.A. parents today are more protective than those in the pastB. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantagesC. technology explains greater parental involvement with their childrenD. parents chan

19、ged attitudes lead to college childrens delayed independence69. What is the best title for the passage?A. Technology or AttitudeB. Dependence or IndependenceC. Family Influence or Social ChangesD. College Management or Communication Advancement70. Which of the following shows the development of idea

20、s in this passage? 【2015廣東】BWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to cat

21、ch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish!” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read

22、some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, wat

23、er is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all

24、 need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and r

25、icher than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him.C. His father d

26、id not teach him fishing.D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.32. What did the authors father really mean?A. To read about fish.B. To learn fishing by oneself.C. To understand what fish think.D. To study fishing in many ways.33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found

27、 _.A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under waterside trees.34. After entering the business world, the author found _.A. it easy to think like a customerB. his fathers fishing advice inspiringC. his first bosss sales ide

28、as reasonableD. it difficult to sell services to poor people35. This passage most likely comes from _.A. a fishing guideB. a popular sales bookC. a novel on childhoodD. a millionaires biography【2015陜西】DParents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. O

29、ther forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a childs class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(養(yǎng)育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their childrens educa

30、tion. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn. Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, I really dont know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids education that leads to decl

31、ines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents help with homework. Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task. They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases neve

32、r learnt it themselves, but theyre still offering advice. Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the

33、 rest statistically insignificant. Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because children with good academic success do have involved parents , admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success. A big surp

34、rise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.58. The underlined expression parental involvement in Paragraph 1 probably means .A. parents

35、expectation on childrens health B. parents participation in childrens education C. parents control over childrens life D. parents plan for childrens future 59. What is the major finding of Robinsons study ?A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.B. Punishing kids for bad marks is m

36、entally damaging.C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.D. Parents are not able to help with childrens homework.60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .A. help children realize the importance of schoolingB. set a specific life goal for their childrenC

37、. spend more time improving their own livesD. take a more active part in school management【2015浙江】B Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and

38、pages explaining the data . Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text . Most graphs have a few basic part

39、s: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 20

40、05). Captions usually summarize the authors main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar gra

41、phs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures. Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-a

42、xis shows gradesthat students earned, and the y-axis shows bow manystudents earned each grade .You can see that 6 studentsearned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on thevertical measurement. There is a lot of information we canget from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1). Line Graphs A

43、line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead ofBars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph two labeled axes and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, its important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the linesegments betw

44、een the points, This type of graph is mostcommonly used to show how something changes over time.Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is

45、 kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the d

46、ay before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the birds migration.Pie Graphs A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole

47、pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on months expense, (See Graph 3 ).Food $ 25Movies $ 12Clothing $ 36Savings $ 20Books $ 746. When used in a graph，a legend is

48、_A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraphC. the main idea D. the data 47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .48. The bird covered the longest distance on _A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 449. Which of the following cost Am

49、y most ?A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.【2015上海】COne of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a trai

50、tor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they saidat least as it was presented by Shakespeareto take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives ac

51、knowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate Ameri

52、ca have been exploiting Shakespeares wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers

53、, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focus

54、ing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡詐的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is ac

55、ademically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henrys winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading o

56、f Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldnt make his mind up about things

57、.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesars pride, which led to his murder, and Brutuss mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to _.A. help executives to understand Shakespeares plays betterB. give advice on l