高一英語 語法要點(diǎn)素材 新人教版必修1

1、高一英語必修一語法要點(diǎn)一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 表示主語現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)及其所具備的特征、性格、能力等例如：I am a girl.2. 表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.3. 標(biāo)志性的詞語Always often sometimes now and then 4. 若助于為第三人稱單數(shù)（he she it）則動(dòng)詞要用單三現(xiàn)二 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作例如：I am reading.2.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中，句子中常常有時(shí)間狀語例如：The

2、plane is going to Beijing.3.當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、All the time等例如：I am always thinking of you.三 倍數(shù)比較1.A+系動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)詞+as+ adj adv的原型+as+B例如：The class is twice as big as that one.2.A+系動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)詞+adjadv的比較級(jí)+than+B例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.3.A+系動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)詞+the sizeamount(

3、數(shù)量)engthwidthheightdepth+of+B例如：The class is twice the size of that class.四 With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1 With+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語根據(jù)邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語，如形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等，with在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中常作狀語2.常用結(jié)構(gòu)1with+賓語+doing表主動(dòng)與進(jìn)行例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.2with+賓語+done表被動(dòng)與完成例如：With all things she need bought,she

4、 went home.3with+賓語+to do表將來例如：With so many thing to deal with.五 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1基本表達(dá)式（I have been doing ） I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. 2表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have be

5、en learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） 3表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等) 4有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同的句子。 例如：They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了1

6、0年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。 5大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 例如：I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） 我一直在寫一本書。 I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成） 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。 They have been building a bridge. 他們一直在造一座橋。 They have built a bridge. 他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?6表示狀態(tài)的

7、動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 例如：I have known him for years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。 I have been knowing. 這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛，like喜歡， hate討厭，等。 注意：比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October

8、, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語 共同的時(shí)間狀語: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時(shí)間狀語 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)

9、詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如： I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She return

10、ed yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for. 句子

11、中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。 （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 六過去完成時(shí)1 概念：表示過去的過去 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 2 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never bee

12、n to Paris. b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本，未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, on

13、ce, as soon as。 例如：He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 七現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1其構(gòu)成形式如下： I / we / they have been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 He / she / it has been

14、+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 功用如下： 2 表示一個(gè)在過去開始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 3表示一個(gè)從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng)，如： It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下) Jack hasnt been feeling very well recently. 4 表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)，如： She

15、has been playing tennis since she was eight. 5 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身，如： Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 注意： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒有否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示做完的時(shí)期以及已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可以 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Since tha

16、t unfortunate accident last week, I havent been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好. He hasnt been working for me and I havent has that much contact with him. 他并沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。 6否定句構(gòu)成： 主語+has/have+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 7一般疑問句構(gòu)成: Have/has+主語+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他主語從句(Subject Clause)定義在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語成分的句子叫做主

17、語從句. 第一部分常規(guī)主語從句，即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語 主語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of gr

18、eat importance. （5）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors. 小結(jié): （1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 （2)連詞位于句首不能省略 （3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為第三人稱單數(shù),但也有例外,如例（9） 第二部分為

19、了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeti

20、ng. （6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）

21、It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

22、小結(jié): （1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo). It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed + that 從句. （2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11. 編輯本段主語從句的用法主語從句與賓語從句兩者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面從它們的各自用法來介紹。 一主語從句 主語從句 定義:在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句,這個(gè)從句就叫做主語從句。 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 主語從句常

23、用it作形式主語，一般常用句型為：It is+名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句例如： It is still a question whether she will come or not. It is strange that you should like him. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 另外，還有一些比較多見的結(jié)構(gòu)： It turned out that； It has been proved that; It happened/occurred that； It is well-known that等等 而

24、強(qiáng)調(diào)句則不同，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It is the times that produce their heroes.時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語：It was in shanghai that I saw the film. 判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句有一個(gè)方法，就是將that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出來單獨(dú)看，看有沒有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把謂語動(dòng)詞后面that前面的那部分，帶到你認(rèn)為缺成分的地方，如果放進(jìn)去是一句完整的句子了，那就說明是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 2. 用it 作形式主語

25、的結(jié)構(gòu) (1) It is +名詞+that從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) (2) it is +形容詞+that從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it +不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is+過去分詞+that從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that

26、 已證實(shí) 3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens, It occurs 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提

27、前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right. 二：賓語從句用以區(qū)分主語從句的幾個(gè)特征： 1、引導(dǎo)詞：whatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhere 2語序：賓

28、語從句必須是用陳述語句。 如：I think that you must work harder. 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、連接詞的區(qū)別、否定轉(zhuǎn)移等現(xiàn)象。 (1)表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾個(gè)句型：一般用when或者是what time： What time will the train leave? 由于時(shí)刻都是固定的，也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)： What time does the train leave? (2)時(shí)間的表達(dá)方式：8：19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight)，在時(shí)間的中間也可以加上分的單詞(minutes) (3)had better +動(dòng)

29、詞原型。意思是提要求，建議。但是上下級(jí)不能用這種方式，因?yàn)檎Z氣太重： You had better give up smoking . (4)sb leave sth +地點(diǎn) I left my book in my classroom yesterday. (5)may I have your name(addressage)?一般詢問對(duì)方的年齡、名字等，不要習(xí)慣以前的問法，這樣很不禮貌，而是要采訪上面的問法。以前的習(xí)慣是：how old are you? what's your name? (6)修飾名詞的代詞次序：限-描-大-形-年-顏-籍-物-類+名詞： this is a b

30、ridge. This is a beautiful bridge 補(bǔ)充：從句的語序永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句。表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語表語從句定義：在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，從句作的是主語的表語成分。 The problem is puzzling. 這個(gè)問題令人困惑 主語,連系動(dòng)詞,形容詞作表語 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪. 主語 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語-表語從句 連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who

31、, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等 He has become a teacher. 他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。 She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)

32、。 His suggestion is good. 他的建議是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。 The question is confusing. 這個(gè)問題令人困惑. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 問題是，他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。 Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。 Why he cried yesterday. 昨天他為什么哭。 How I can per

33、suade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對(duì)。 Whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn). 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用wheth

34、er 位于句首時(shí)要用whether 引導(dǎo)表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時(shí)要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. Right: It looked as if he had understood this question. 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。 Right: The question is who will travel

35、 with me to Beijing tomorrow. Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. that在表語從句中不可以省掉。 編輯本段基本用法表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。 名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語時(shí)被稱為表語從句 例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。 (how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語) The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表

36、語從句中充當(dāng)賓語) What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語， that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分， 不能省略) That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語) That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語) “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因

37、/因此”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語， 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)， 又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮， 這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異， 說話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。/ That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。 下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why.”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)， 它們與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚： (1)“That is

38、why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is the reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。 (2)“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語， 這也是個(gè)常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因?yàn)椤薄！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“Th

39、at is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因) He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒

40、有去看。(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果) 編輯本段案例分析考題1The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案 D 解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語從句的表語從句， 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此， 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。 考題2You are saying that everyone should

41、be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案 B 解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where， 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。 考題3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few day

42、s off? (1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案 A 解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語， 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。 考題4_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海) A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案 A 解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處

43、的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)， 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。 考題5_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春) A. What; because B. What; that C. That; w

44、hat D. That; because 答案 B 解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因、 理由， 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。 考題6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I

45、feel excited 答案 A 解析 A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的事物”； B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺得激動(dòng)的任何事物”； C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺的方式”； D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對(duì)應(yīng)， 充當(dāng)表語從句。 編輯本段表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。 賓語從句(1)對(duì)于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn) 語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。 時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任

46、何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), 即(一般過去時(shí), 過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過去完成時(shí), 過去將來時(shí))。 連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用if或whether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。 表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。 如： What the police want to know is when you ente

47、red red the room警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間。 The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。 This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。 Thats why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。 His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。 注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。 as if, as though, because也可用來引導(dǎo)

48、表語從句。 She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。 It is because you eat too much是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?。基本信息在?fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。 同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。 一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞(或其它

49、形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。 1. 名詞作同位語Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。 2.短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die

50、young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？?4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 編輯本段同位語從句用法同位語部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定" 一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。 I heard the news t

51、hat our team had won我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。 二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。 三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that，whether,連接代詞what，who。

52、連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。 四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。 編輯本段同位語從句-引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。 1.

53、連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語） 【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。 【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從

54、句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。 2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。 【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不

55、能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語） 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主語） 4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句連接副詞when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決