初中英語(yǔ)介詞專項(xiàng)

1、介詞一.概念：介詞用來(lái)表明名詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，介詞是虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分介詞短語(yǔ)能夠充當(dāng)句子成分，介詞短語(yǔ)=介詞+介詞賓語(yǔ)(名詞、賓格代詞、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng))二、常1、in 之內(nèi) 示地 示大She' s China her and介詞的作用介詞表地點(diǎn)、位置、方向的介詞above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards,表時(shí)間的介詞by, in, on ,over, with

2、其他介詞like, with, without, from, next, toThe weather is cold in winter.用在. 1）表 點(diǎn)，表 地點(diǎn)。inwithmomdad.2)表示時(shí)間，表示在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)3)表示顏色和語(yǔ)言也用介詞in。Do you know the girl in red2、from從中來(lái)I can write this article in English.1) come from2) download from3) be different from3. with和，用，與1) with sb和人在一起2) with sth.表示用某種工具4. a

3、t在1)表地點(diǎn)，主小地點(diǎn)。2)表時(shí)間，主指時(shí)間的一個(gè)點(diǎn)。3) be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于5. behind在后面6. next to 緊挨著7. in front of 在 前面8. for 為了,因?yàn)?。ooo9. on在上，在時(shí)1)表示時(shí)間，表示具體的一大2) 表示地點(diǎn)10. to自，向1) talk to與談?wù)?) go to 去3) welcome to 歡迎到4) listen to 聽(tīng)5) connectto 和.連接一起三、.常用的介詞的區(qū)別：I come from China and I' m Chinese.I download music from the Inte

4、rnet.Lily ' s habits are different from Linda' s.I' m in Class One with Daming and Lingling.I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.I get up at half past seven in the morning.I am good at reading and writing.The classrooms are be

5、hind the offices.The library is next to the classrooms.They are in front of Tony and Daming.Thank you for your email.Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday on the farm on the playgroundWe have a break and I talk to my friends.He likes films and he often goes to the cinema.Welcome to Beij

6、ing Zoo.They always listen to music.Please connect the monitor to the computer first.in, to, on在方位名詞前的區(qū)別1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi)，2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外(有距離)3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰， .at, in, on, by在表示時(shí)間上的區(qū)別如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China., 如：Japan lies to the east of China.如： North Korea is on the east of China.1.

7、 at指時(shí)間表示:（ 1）時(shí)間的點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。They came home at noon （ at sunrise, at midnight, at ten o clock, at daybreak） .（ 2）較短暫的一段時(shí)間?？芍改硞€(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。He went home at New Year （ at Christmas, at the Spring Festiva） l .2. in 指時(shí)間表示：（ 1）在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間（如世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）內(nèi)。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning

8、, in the evening（2）在一段時(shí)間之后。一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“在以后”。He will arrive in two hours.（3）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，in意為“在以內(nèi)”。These products will be made in a month.3. on 指時(shí)間表示：（ 1）具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間，如某日、節(jié)日、星期幾等,On Christmas Day there will be a party.（ 2）在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8o clock on the night of Friday.（ 3）準(zhǔn)時(shí)，

9、按時(shí)。If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark.4. by指時(shí)間表示：（ 1）不遲于，在（某時(shí)）前。如： He will come by six o clock.（2）在問(wèn)，在的時(shí)候。如：He worked by day and studied by night. .near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”時(shí)的區(qū)別1. near表示相對(duì)的近，實(shí)際距離可能還很遠(yuǎn)。Suzhou is near Shanghai.2. by和beside者B表示靠近，實(shí)際距離不很遠(yuǎn)，但beside比by更具體地表示出“在旁邊”

10、的意思。He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.3. at也有“在旁邊”的意思，但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置，而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系。如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher.Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in 和 on 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)的區(qū)別1. at表示地點(diǎn)：（1）用于指較小的地方。arrive at

11、,接小地方 I will wait for you at the station.（ 2）用于門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前。 Helives at 11 Zhongshan Road.2. in 表示地點(diǎn)：arrive in 接較大地方He lives in Shanghai.3. on表示地點(diǎn)，一般指與面或線接觸，意為“在上；在旁” 。The picture was hanging on the wall. .besides, except, but表示“除外”之間的區(qū)別1. besides示“除了以外，還有”,具有附加性質(zhì)。如：Besides xiaoming , we also went to see t

12、he film.注意：besides用于否定句中時(shí)，與except, but同義，可互換。如：We have no other books besides / except these.2. except表示"除外”，具有排它性質(zhì)。如：We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生沒(méi)去）3. but意為“除了"，與except同義，except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的部分，but則強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，常修飾否定意義的代詞。Nobody knew it but me. .above, over, on, up表示“在上”之間的區(qū)另U1. ab

13、ove指"上方”，表示相對(duì)高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞為belowWe re flying above the clouds.2. over指"在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反義詞為 under。The bridge is over the river.3. on表示“在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與beneath相對(duì)。There is a map on the wall.4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為 down。如：Please stand up with, from, for, at 表示原因的區(qū)別1. with 表示原因，指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部，意為“因?yàn)?；由于?/p>

14、。The little girl was shivering with cold.2. from 表示動(dòng)機(jī)、疲勞、痛苦等原因。3. for 常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因。She did it from a sense of duty.I do apologize for keeping you waiting.4. at表示原因，指“聽(tīng)到；看到；想到”等。 At the news they felt very glad. for 和 of 的用法區(qū)別試比較：It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It&

15、#39;s kind of you to help me.兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定，一般來(lái)說(shuō),of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫(xiě)人的品質(zhì)的好壞，人自身的特點(diǎn)，如聰明與否，細(xì)心與粗心等；for 之前的形容詞用于描寫(xiě)事物的特點(diǎn)，如可能性，必然性，難易程度等。by， with ， in 的用法區(qū)別by 表示"以 .的方式，方法，手段" 和"乘某種交通工具"； with 指 "借助于具體的手段或工具"；in 表示"以 方式，用語(yǔ)言，文字等媒介"。I solved the problem by this way. I

16、cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English. after 和 in 的用法區(qū)別這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示時(shí)間"在以后"的意思。其區(qū)別是：after 以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子；in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。I went home after 10 o'clock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.小試牛刀：一：用 by, beside, near, beyond 填空1. The

17、 little girl is sitting her mother.2. There is a white car our school.3. Many shops are our home.4. our city there is a river.二：1. The post office is the police station and the library.A. between B. among C. in2. I can t finish my work your help.A. with B. without C. in3. Thank you me to have dinner

18、.A. for invite B. of invite C. for inviting4. Why are you standing, Alice-I can t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting me.A. behind B. next to C. in front of5. If you do things , usually you canhem well. t do tA. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now6. What a nice day! We should go

19、sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.A. because of B. instead of C. together with7. Your coat looks very nice. What s it made - Cotton, and it is made Wuhan.A. from, in B. of, in C. from, on8. -When and where you born-I was born October 1 st, 1998 Suzhou.A. on, on B. in, in C. on, in9. There will be

20、 many robots people s homeasrs_._ ten yeA. in, / B. in, in C. in, after10. All the workers went home yesterday Mr White. Why-Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for11. It s very kind them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me hom. eA. for B. to C. of12. A UFO landed _ t

21、he Center Street.A. at B. on C. in13. the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from back home.A. During, going B. In, go C. On, goes24. Think it over you write the answer.A. before B. after C. on答案：一： 1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond二： 2. B 3. C 4. C 5A 6. B 7B 8 C 9 C 10A11 C 12

22、B 13. A 14. A勤加磨練：1 .Theteacherisnotonlystricthispupilsbutalsostricthisownwork.A.with,with,inC.in,withD.with,in2 .Myfatherbegantoworkabusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.？3 .Idon'tthinkXiaoLiistheotherstudentsmathematics.A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at4 .Nobodyknowsitme.A.exceptforB.ex

23、ceptthatC.besidesD.but5 .Thewindowisneveropenedinsummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor6 .Wegotoschoolabike.？7.It'sverykindyoutorepairthebikeme.8.Freshairisgoodyourhealth.？boyiswaitinghissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowaittheirsickmother.PLAmansavedtheboydeath.A.of？11.Hewillcomethreedays.C.i

24、nD.later 12HewenttoBeijingandreturnedthreedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after13 .Hewillreturnthreeo'clock.？14 Hewrotethearticlethreedays.？15 Iagreewhatyousaid.？16 .Doyouagreethisplan(arrangement)？17 .Finallytheyagreedthetermsofthecontract.？18 .DoyouoftenhearyourbrotherA.ofB.fromC.outofD.about heardt

25、hebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadi？t.A.out？20 .Theplaneflewthecity.A.acrossC.through？21 .WewalkedtheTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.through？ waswanderingthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.A.acrossB.through？23.OurbusdrovetheGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pas？t24

26、 .thesun,nothingwouldgrow. ForC.UnderD.Without25 .Theteacherisbusyteaching.？26 .Theteacherisbusycorrectingpapers.A.for？27 .WeleftXi'anaveryhotsummerafternoon.A.onC.during？28 .Histeacherwasangryhimhisbeinglate.,with,for,for,about29 .Myfatherwasdisappointedthenews.A.byB.aboutC.atD.o30 .MrWangwentt

27、oNanjingOctober,1998andcamebackhomethemorningofNov.5.;in;at;on;from31 .Myunclelives105HuangheStreet.Hisroomisthefifthfloor.;on;at;in;to1.1 Idon'tthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblemtheteacher'shelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without33 .-Doyougotherebus-No,wegothereatrain.A.in;on;on;in;with34 .Th

28、etreesfrontofthehousearethechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in35 .Theoldmandied cold acoldnight.A.from;at;in;onD.for;during36 .DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages French hA.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside37.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness-1982. A.After38.Didyouhaveanytrouble thepostoffic

29、dA.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding tellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo it.? 40.Taiwanis theeastofFujian.A.in ?41HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon afewdays.?42.Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation theword"right”關(guān)系代詞A.of43.Thetrainleaves 6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation 5:40p.m.att

30、helatest.A.at;until(延續(xù))B.for;after;by (瞬間)D.before;around44. We will be in Nanjing Tuesday Thursday.A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/toD. on./till45. There are many beautiful birds the tree.A. onB. atC. inD. besides1-5DDCDB-6-10BCBAB-11-15CDABC-16-20DABCD-21-25ABCDA-26-30BADCC 31-35ADCCA 36-40CCDDD 41-

31、45BBCBBC (應(yīng)至U 43 答案有誤)初中英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)1)at once立刻22)by bike/air/train/bus2)at last最后騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/火車/汽布3)at first起先，首先23)by ordinary mail寄平信4)at the age o f在歲時(shí)24)by the way順便說(shuō)5)at the end of 在之末25)by the window在窗邊6)at the beginning of 在 之初26)by the end of 到 底為止7)at the foot of 在腳下27)little by little逐漸地8)at the

32、 same time同時(shí)28)in all總共9)at night/noon在夜里/中午29)in fact事實(shí)上10)with one's help30)in one's twenties在某人一十幾歲時(shí)在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助31)in a hurry匆忙11)with the help of 在的幫助下32)in the middle of在 中間12)with a smile面帶笑容33)in no time (in a minute)立刻，很快13)with one's own eyes親眼看見(jiàn)34)in time (on time)及時(shí)14)after

33、 a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒35)in public公眾，公開(kāi)地15)from now on從現(xiàn)在起36)in order to為了16)from then on從那時(shí)起37)in front of在 前回17)far example例如38)in the sun在陽(yáng)光下18)far away from遠(yuǎn)離39)in the end最后，終于19)from morning till night從早到晚40)in surprise驚奇地20)by and by不久41)in turn依次21)by air mail寄航空郵件42)of course當(dāng)然43)a bit (of)有一點(diǎn)兒50)at/

34、on the weekend在周末44)a lot of許多51)on the left (right)在左（右）邊45)a little一點(diǎn)兒52)on the other side of在另一邊46)on one's way to 某人在去的路上53）on the radio通過(guò)收音機(jī)（無(wú)線電廣播）47）on foot步行，走路54)to one's joy使高興的是48）a talk on space 一個(gè)關(guān)于太空的報(bào)告55)to one's surprise使驚訝的是49)on the other hand 另一方面介詞和各類詞搭配構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)1）.介詞與動(dòng)詞

35、搭配arrive in/at到達(dá)wait for等候，等待ask for要，請(qǐng)求turn on/off打開(kāi)（關(guān)上do well in在方面做得好listen to聽(tīng)give in投降look after照顧，照看go on繼續(xù)look for尋找look like看上去像hear from收到來(lái)信get to到達(dá)hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)fill with充滿，裝滿help's sth.幫助 做begin with以開(kāi)始laugh at嘲笑meet with偶爾遇見(jiàn)，遭遇learn from向?qū)W習(xí)pass on傳遞talk to與 談話belong totake down拿下，取了write

36、to寫(xiě)信給look at（后總識(shí)地）看call on號(hào)召，訪問(wèn)，邀請(qǐng)speak to對(duì)某人smile at向微笑take away拿走，帶走look out向四卜看，到處看think of考慮，關(guān)心2）.介詞與名詞搭配in time及時(shí)on one' s way to在的路上in life一生中in the sun在陽(yáng)光下on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)in a tree在樹(shù)上in front of在 前回in surprise驚奇地on foot步行at once立刻，馬上by bus乘公共汽車at the foot of在腳下at home在家at all壓根兒in English用英語(yǔ)a

37、t dinner在吃正餐in the middle在中間at the table在桌子旁at night在晚上at work在工作at noon在中午at school在學(xué)校with a smile帶著微笑of course當(dāng)然（可以）at the back of在 后面in a hurry匆忙，急忙at the beginning of在 開(kāi)始in a minute一會(huì)at the end of在結(jié)尾by the way順便說(shuō)說(shuō)/問(wèn)問(wèn)at the same time同時(shí)，然而at first首先，起初by train乘火車at last最后，終于day by day日復(fù)一日at the me

38、eting在會(huì)上one by one一個(gè)好個(gè)in a word總而言之，一句話in fact事實(shí)上in the street在街上in the end最后，終于in no time立亥L很快in order按順序，整齊，正常in order to為了，以便in the day在白天in line成一直線3)介詞與形容詞、過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞等搭配be made of由制成be angry at sth.為某事生氣be tired of討厭/厭倦be proud of以為自豪/驕傲be sure of 確信take part in 參力口take care of照顧，關(guān)心，保管be strict with對(duì)嚴(yán)格要求have nothing to do with 與無(wú)關(guān)go to bed/ sleep 睡覺(jué)be used to習(xí)慣于in a short while不久in all總共，總計(jì)in town在城里on the left/