人教版八年級英語上時態(tài)講義及練習(xí)(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一動詞變化：一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。 在加詞尾-s時要注意：情況加法例詞一般情況加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-estrytriescarrycarries二一般現(xiàn)在時表示: (1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài), 例如:Hes twelve. (2)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作, 常與often, usually, somet

2、imes, always, every day等表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的時間狀語連用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. （4）表示客觀、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six.三 句型1. 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+be動詞/行為動詞+賓語/表語(1) 行為動詞: a. 主語為第一、二人稱、復(fù)數(shù)人稱時（I, you, we, they, the boys），主語+動詞原形+賓語。 They go to school every day.b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(it, he,she, L

3、ily)，主語+動詞s/es+賓語。Lily often likes singing.(2)系動詞(be): 主語+系動詞+表語。 I am. They/We/You are He/She/It is2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+be動詞/行為動詞+賓語/表語(1) 行為動詞: a. 主語為第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱時，主語+dont+動詞原形。They dont go to school every day.b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，主語+doesnt +動詞原形。Lily doesnt like singing.(2)系動詞(be): 主語+is/am/are后加not+表語 I am not a

4、worker.3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):（1）行為動詞a. 主語為第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱時， Do+they/we/you+動詞原形 Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they dont.） b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時， Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形 Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.)（2) 系動詞(be): is/am/are+主語+表語 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, Im not.)4.特

5、殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑問句？（1）行為動詞 What do they do every day? How often does Peter go fishing? （2) 系動詞(be):Who is the girl at that gate?一般過去時一動詞變化：一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，在句中由主語動詞的過去式來表達(dá)。構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過去式一般在動詞末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchan

6、ged末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplan（計劃）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried二一般過去時表示:（1）表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).常與yesterday, last, ago, in1990等表示過去狀態(tài)的時間狀語連用，如What did you have for breakfast this morning?（2）表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，這時常和表示頻度的狀語連用，如Last term we

7、 often did experiments. 三句型1. 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1) 行為動詞: 主語+動詞的過去式 The twins went to school two hours ago.(2) 系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was They/We/You+were I was at home last night.2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1) 行為動詞: 主語+didnt+動詞原形 The twins didnt go to school two hours ago.(2)系動詞(be): 主語+wasnt/werent+表語。 I wasnt at home last night

8、.3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1) 行為動詞: Did+主語+動詞原形? Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didnt.)(2)系動詞(be): was/were+主語+表語? Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I wast.)4.特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu) 特殊疑問詞（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑問句？頻度副詞：通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，頻率副詞常放在行為動詞之前，系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。1.

9、常見的頻度副詞有：always（總是，一直）、usually（通常）、often（常常，經(jīng)常）、sometimes（有時候）、never（從不）、hardly ever(幾乎從不)、every day(每天)。2.頻度副詞的位置：a.放在系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。David is often arrives late for school. 大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動詞前。We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Sometimes I walk home

10、, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有時我步行回家，有時我騎自行車。3. every day 與 everydaya. every day作狀語，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day. 我決定每天讀英語。b. everyday 作定語，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。Whats your everyday acti

11、vity? 你的日?；顒邮鞘裁矗?練習(xí)1. How often _ your father _(drink) wine?2. His mother _ (come) to see him once a week.3. Her sister _ (not stay) at home on Sundays.4. Where _ (be) you last night?5. She exercises every day. (劃線部分提問) _ _ _she _?6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改為否定句)Jim _ _ his homew

12、ork after school.7. He never goes fishing, _ _?(完成反意疑問句)8. He （go）_to the park every day.9. _ Lucy and Lily （like）_China?10. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda.11. _Li Mings father （have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Everybody （have）_ a chance to win.13._you make this cake last night? Yes. I did.14.D

13、id Tom _ home at five yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 15.What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 17. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 18.When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking.19.Tom and I _（am, are, was, w

14、ere）late for school yesterday.20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more _ English _.A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一動詞變化：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“am /is /are動詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。加-ing的規(guī)則如下： （1）一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。 staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending

15、 looklooking （2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。 makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。 putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示：（1）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，這時可以不用時間狀語，也可以和now, at present, at

16、the moment等時間狀語連用。有時用一個動詞，如look（看），listen（聽）。 What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示當(dāng)前一段時期的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作，即可以用來代替將來時。 When are

17、you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 三句型1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing例如: The boys are playing football now.2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu): 在is/am/are后加not例如: The boys arent playing football now.3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu): 把is/am/are提在主語前. 例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they arent.)4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句過去

18、進(jìn)行時一動詞變化：過去進(jìn)行時是表示過去某個具體時刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作，在句中由was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）來表達(dá)。二一般過去時表示:（1）過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this morning, then, last night, at that time, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while。如We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.（2）過去進(jìn)行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的事情。時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句

19、來表示。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?（3）在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時。如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.（4）從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作，限于用go, come, start, leave, stay, arrive等非延續(xù)性動詞。如：He was leaving the first week in May and staying until July.(5) 與alway

20、s ,often ,usually 等連用表喜愛，討厭等感情色彩。如He was always Changing his mind.(6)通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時的動詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：誤：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。

21、誤：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。（7）用過去進(jìn)行時表示語氣委婉、客氣，并不表示過去的時間。如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。（8）用while連接（while只接doing），when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后動作時間長，用doing，時間短，用did）My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. I was doing my hom

22、ework when my mother came in.三句型1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+was/were+動詞-ing2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+wasnt/werent+動詞-ing3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu): Was/Were+主語+動詞-ing. 4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句四練習(xí)1. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in2. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the

23、door.3. The students _ (sing) and _ (dance) happily on the playground at that time.4. I _ (know) you _(wait) for me here.5. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.6. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.7. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.8. -_ they _ (hav

24、e) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?-No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.9. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try10. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearingc. watched,

25、 heard d. was watching, heard11. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, sawc. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing12. We _ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, wa

26、iting d. waited, wait13. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watchedc. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1. 進(jìn)行時表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成，一般時表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成。 I was reading the book at that time. (不一定讀完) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完)2、一般

27、過去時表示只做一次動作，而過去進(jìn)行時表示動作反復(fù)進(jìn)行，與持續(xù)時間狀語連用。It was raining all night. He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動詞與持續(xù)時間連用，表反復(fù)、連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過去時)3、while 時間狀語從句中用短暫動詞時，只能用進(jìn)行時。He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.4、While 所在主從句動作大致持續(xù)相等時，主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時；但若是持續(xù)動詞可都用一般過去時；兩個動作一長一短時，短暫動作用一般時，延續(xù)動作用進(jìn)行時。I

28、 was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.I saw him while I was walking to the station.5. 進(jìn)行時態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動作。如果把動作分割開，或者說出其發(fā)生的次數(shù)，就必須用一般過去時：I talked to Tom several times我跟湯姆談過幾次話。 Tom washed both cars 湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。6.并行的兩個動作可以都用進(jìn)行來表示： Betwe

29、en one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog一點到兩點之間我在購物、遛狗。 這樣用的進(jìn)行時態(tài)通常和某些時間狀語如 today，last night，in the afternoon連用。這些時間狀語可以看做是表示某一時刻，也可以看做是表示某一段時間。 英語中有四類動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時（不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時）1.表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時則詞意改變。Im forgetting it . (=begi

30、nning to forget )2.表存在、狀態(tài)的動詞，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等3.表感覺的動詞，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.4.表一時性的動詞，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。一般將來時一動詞變化：一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。常與tomorrow， next 引導(dǎo)的短語（如next week），this引導(dǎo)的短語（如this year）， from

31、 now on；in the future等連用。二一般將來時的用法（1）Will/Shall+ 動詞原形 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。 b. Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎？在一般將來時的句子中，有時有表示將來時間的狀語，有時沒有時間狀語，這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。如： Well only stay for two weeks. 我們只待兩星期。在以第一人稱I或we作主語的問句中，一般使用助動詞shall，這時或是征求對方的意見，或是詢問一個情況： Shall we

32、have any classes tomorrow?明天我們有課嗎？ 在這類問句中，近年來也有不少人用will，特別是在美國。例如：How will I get there? 我怎么去？（2）be going to+動詞原形 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。如： We are going to put up a building here.我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。 表示即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。如： I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。 Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this. 這事肯定會有很多麻煩。 “will”

33、句型與“be going to”句型區(qū)別。前者表示純粹將來，后者表示打算、計劃、準(zhǔn)備做的事情，更強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的主觀意愿。如： Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我們打算游覽巴黎。（3）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞（如：go, come, leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach等），可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。如： Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要來了。 Theyre leaving for Be

34、ijing. 他們即將前往北京。Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。(4）用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。某些詞，如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay, live, fly等的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示根據(jù)規(guī)定或時間表預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新學(xué)期八月二十九日開學(xué)。He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車The train leaves at 12:00. 火車12點開出。當(dāng)主句為將來時態(tài)或表示將來意義時，時間和條件的狀語從句必須

35、用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我們將出去野餐。 Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。Ill write to her when I have time. 我有空會給她寫信。(5）“be to+動詞原形”和 “be about to+動詞原形”表示將來?！癰e to+動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如： Are we to go on with this work? 我們繼續(xù)干嗎？ The boy is t

36、o go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學(xué)。 He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他將訪問日本?！癰e about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。 I am about to get up, mum. 媽媽,我立刻就起床。三句型1. 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語: 主語+will+動詞例如: We will come to see you tomorrow(2)用于口語: 主語+am/is/are going to+動詞例如: Tom

37、 is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語: 在will后加not例如: We wont come to see you tomorrow. (will not=wont)(2)用于口語: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn going to see his uncle next Sunday.3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語: 把will提在主語前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we wont.)(2)用于口語:

38、把is/am/are提在主語前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday? (Yes, he is. No, he isnt.)4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？四練習(xí)1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.3. They _ ( not have ) any classes next week. 4. They _(not leave) until yo

39、u come back.5. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going toB. will going to be C. is going to beD. will go to be6. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be7. Lets go

40、 out to play football, shall we? OK. I _.A. will comingB. be going to come C. come D. am coming8. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are9. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine10. Will his p

41、arents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ . A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.11. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving12. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be13. _ open the window?

42、A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you 14. Where is Miss Wang? She went to Hainan Island last week and will return _ six days. A. ago B. later C. behind D. in 15. When _ again? -When he _, Ill let you know.A. he comes ;comes B. will he come;will comeC. he comes ;will he come D

43、. will he come;comes時態(tài)練習(xí)題( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( ) 2 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set( ) 3. -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast

44、. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _.A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont( ) 4 -That ten pound note belongs to me.-_.A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt( ) 5 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain( ) 6 -_ he _ to wor

45、k on foot?-Yes, he_.A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is( ) 7 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 8 _ you _ how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing D. /; know( ) 9. I _ what the old man said is right.A. am

46、thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought( ) 10. Could you ring me up as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 11. Our classes_at 7: 30 tomorrow morning. A. begin B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 12. The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving

47、 C. leaves D. are leaving( ) 13. The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at() 14. He lived there before he _ to China.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming( ) 15. A girl _ the wallet and _.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found;

48、turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 16. I _ the blackboard but _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at; was seeing( ) 17. When _to learn English?A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began( ) 18. My younger brother_ the ar

49、my_ 1990. A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since( ) 19. -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to bed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went( ) 20. The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didnt C. were D.

50、werent( ) 21. He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off( ) 22. When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always( ) 23. He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B. always i

51、s studying C. is always studying D. studies always( ) 24. When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D. use( ) 25. Oh, you are here? I thought you_on the playground. A. ran B. runs C. are running D. run( ) 26. Look! An elephant_this way.A. was coming B. is coming C. came D. comes( ) 27. Be quiet! Im tryi