句子成分高中英語從句及聯(lián)系

1、一.賓語從句的定義置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以帶賓語從句。二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if代詞：who, whose, what ,which副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）例句：The boy believes that he will travel

2、 through space to other planets.注意事項(xiàng)：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情況中that不能省略當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he

3、 was asked not to tell you.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。例句：I find

4、it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在帶to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there

5、.在介詞的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句時(shí)例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week直接與or not連用時(shí)例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)例句：

6、He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時(shí)例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, in

7、form, advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下：I dont know what they are looking for.Could

8、you tell me when the train will leave?Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his

9、class that light travels faster than sound.五.賓語從句的特點(diǎn)賓語從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語。如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it.一.翻譯句子 完成下列賓語從句：1.Please tell me .（我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)）2.Can you tell me .（他在哪兒）3.Could you tell me （我該怎么去車

10、站）4.Would you tell me （為什么火車遲到了）5.I want to know .（他是否跟我們一起去公園）6.Ask him .（他是否能來）7.I don't know .（是否要下雨） 1.表語從句：就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。Eg:The problem is puzzling.  這問題令人困惑主語 連系動(dòng)詞  形容詞作表語The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪.主語

11、 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語-表語從句2.連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。The ques

12、tion is when he can arrive at the hotel. 問題是，他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對(duì)。whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn).二、注意：1.表語從句一定要用陳述語序。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/

13、whether 位于介詞后要用whether，位于句首時(shí)要用whether 引導(dǎo)表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時(shí)要用whetherThe question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.It looked as if he had understood this question.3.不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.4.that在表語從句中不可以省掉。表語從句的基本用法:表語從句只能

14、置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語時(shí)被稱為表語從句.例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need. (how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。  The scissors are not what I need. (what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)這把剪刀不是我所需要的。What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語， t

15、hat作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分， 不能省略)That is what I want to tell you. (what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。That is why she failed to pass the exam. (why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)那就是她考試不及格的原因。注意： “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語， 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，又如： That is why you see this old woman before y

16、ou know, Jeanne. (前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異， 說話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。That is why I came.   這就是我來的原因。下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why.”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)， 它們與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：(1)“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is the reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That

17、is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如：That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語， 這也是個(gè)常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因?yàn)椤??！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he ha

18、d to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果)1. 這就是我想做的 2. 這房子正是他最需要的東西 3. 問題是誰能完成這項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù) 4. 今天討論的話題是未來的學(xué)校會(huì)是怎樣的 表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于

19、名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。賓語從句(1)對(duì)于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), 即(一般過去時(shí), 過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過去完成時(shí), 過去將來時(shí))。連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用if或whether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞

20、則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間。The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。This This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒

21、工作的原因。His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。as as if, as though, because也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。It It is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕６ㄕZ從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，用作定語的從句叫做定語從句(attributive clause

22、)。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞(antecedent)。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、that和關(guān)系副詞when、where、why等。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后，那個(gè)小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的東西。（引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞that）His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不讓他和家庭困難的

23、人結(jié)婚。（引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞whose） In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在那個(gè)黑暗的街道上，沒有她可以求助的人。（引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞whom）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然記得第一次去北京的那一天。（引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系副詞when）This is the house where we lived last year. 這就是我們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆孔?。（引?dǎo)詞是關(guān)系副詞where）

24、二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用能關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語、定語；關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1、作主語關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞一致。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。（引導(dǎo)詞that在句中作主語）A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機(jī)是會(huì)飛的機(jī)器。（引導(dǎo)詞that在句中作主語）（引導(dǎo)詞which在句中作主語）2、作賓語在定語從句里作賓語

25、的關(guān)系代詞在口語中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面條美味可口。（引導(dǎo)詞that，可省略）The person to (whom) you just talked is Mr.Li. 剛才你與其交談的人是李先生。（引導(dǎo)詞whom，不可省略）3、作定語關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。Miss Brown is the teacher whose house caught fire last night.布朗小姐就是昨晚房子著火的那位老師。注意：關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以跟介詞放在主語

26、和從句之間。4、作狀語關(guān)系副詞where, when和why在定語從句中分別作地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語。I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場工作的那段日子。This is the reason why he came late. 這就是他來晚的理由。三、關(guān)系代詞的用法英語中的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它們的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法who和whom指人，who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可省略。

27、在口語中可用who代替whom。In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，買到西紅柿的人常常會(huì)生氣。(作主語)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你應(yīng)該給他寫信的人是波爾先生。(whom作賓語能省略)2、whose的用法whose 指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，指物時(shí)?？捎胦f which取代。I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有個(gè)朋友，他

28、父親是市長。We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我們住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which 的用法which指物，在定語從句中作主語和賓語，作賓語時(shí)，在限制性定語從句中可省略。It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用來記錄乘客所購買的車票。(作賓語，可以省略)He came late, which we all know. 我們都知道，他來晚了。（作賓語，在非限制性定語從句中不省略）4、that 的用法that 多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作

29、主語或賓語，指物時(shí)其用法和which大致相同，但也有區(qū)別。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在從句中作主語，不能省略）This is all (that) I can tell you. 這是我能告訴你的全部情況。（that指物，在從句中作賓語，常省略）5、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別（1)相同點(diǎn)：這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，都可以指物；在從句中都可作主語或賓語；作賓語時(shí)都可省略。The train that ( which ) has just left

30、is for Shanghai.剛開的那列火車是去上海的。(作主語)The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的電影好極了。(作賓語，可省略)6、關(guān)系代詞who與that的區(qū)別（1）當(dāng)先行詞是he、people、those等時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞常用who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到長城非好漢。Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人請(qǐng)舉手。（2）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞作定語從句的表語時(shí)常用that。Sh

31、e isn't the little girl that she used to be. 她再也不是過去的那個(gè)小姑娘了。He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。7、as的用法（1）as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常構(gòu)成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在從句中可作主語、表語或賓語。 I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。(作賓語)He lent me as much money as he

32、had.她把所有的錢借給了我。Repeat this as often as is necessary.根據(jù)需要反復(fù)這樣做。(作主語)（2）suchthat與suchas“suchthat”表示“如此以致”的意思，用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句；而“suchas”表“像這樣的”的意思，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓或表語等。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一個(gè)如此誠實(shí)的人以至于我們都尊敬他。He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我們所尊敬的這種誠實(shí)的人。（3）the samethat與

33、the same as“the samethat”表同一人或物，而“the sameas”表同種類的東西。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟失那本書。（指同一本書）This is the same book as I lost.這本書跟我丟失那本書一模一樣。（并不是原來的那一本）（4）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句as作關(guān)系代詞，還可用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以用來代替一個(gè)句子或單詞，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the ea

34、rth once every month.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.眾所周知，月球一月繞地球一周。8、but 的用法but既可指人，又可指物，常在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。but 本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相當(dāng)于“that/which/whonot”。它前面的主句必須有“否定”的詞(如no, not, little, few

35、, hardly等)。but引導(dǎo)的肯定定語從句和否定的主句連用，通過雙重否定達(dá)到強(qiáng)烈肯定的效果。There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who doesnt love her children.)沒有不愛自己子女的母親。There were few people but were hurt.(= There were few people who/that were not hurt.)幾乎沒有人不受傷。9、than的用法than既可指人，又可指物，可作關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句，than前通常

36、有比較級(jí)的詞。Dont give children more money than is needed.給孩子們的錢不要超過所需。四、關(guān)系副詞英語中的關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why等。1、when的用法when指時(shí)間，修飾表時(shí)間的先行詞，在定語從何中作時(shí)間狀語。July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣很熱的月份。He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚來時(shí)，我出去了。Do you remember one afternoon ten years a

37、go when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?你還記得十年前的一個(gè)下午，我到你家借項(xiàng)鏈的事嗎?2、where的用法where指地點(diǎn)，修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到他童年時(shí)生活的小城鎮(zhèn)。I can still remember the sitting-room where my mother

38、 and I used to sit in the evening.我還記得那間我媽媽和我晚上常坐在一起的起居室。注意：先行詞為表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不一定都用when或where。如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，就要用關(guān)系代詞whch或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。I won't forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過的那段時(shí)光。3、why的用法why指原因，修飾名詞reaso

39、n，在定語從句中作原因狀語。This is the reason why he did so. 這就是他這樣做了的理由。Do you know the reason why he left early?你知道他為什么早走嗎？巧記定語從句的用法主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句緊靠先行詞，系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which當(dāng)先用。關(guān)系代詞有that，定人定物有本領(lǐng)。定時(shí)間要用when，定地點(diǎn)where行。關(guān)系代(副)詞作成分，唯作賓語可以省。五、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”用法1、介詞+which在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語介詞+which在關(guān)系分句中分別作時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和原因狀

40、語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when，where和why。I still remember the day on which (=when)I first came to school.我仍然記得初來學(xué)校的那一天。The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。注意：關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面。The village that she lives in is 100 metres away. 她住在100米遠(yuǎn)的村莊里。2、介詞+which(指物)/wh

41、om(指人)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語介詞+which(指物)/whom(指人)在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒置。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他們來到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小孩。I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看見一個(gè)人，他的頭上站著一只鳥。4、介詞+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞一般受動(dòng)詞或介詞后的名詞所制約。The rat is digging a tu

42、nnel through which it can reach the field to get food.這只老鼠正在挖洞，通過這條洞它能到田里搞吃的。The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.這人是一位工程師，我是從他那里得到這消息的。5、介詞+which(指物)/whom(指人)，用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語，說明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot wa

43、s a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。六、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。限制性定語從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語。如果將這種定語從句省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。She has found the necklace that she lost 2 years ago. 她找到了兩年前丟失的項(xiàng)鏈。(限制性定語從句)2、 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗

44、號(hào)分開，一般不用that來引導(dǎo)。Yesterday, I met Li Ping, who seemed to be busy. 昨天我遇見了李平，他好像很忙。(非限制性定語從句)In Britain, which has a population of 55. 8 million, 110,000 people die from smoking each year. 英國有5580萬人口，每年有11萬人口死于吸煙。(非限制性定語從句) 用定語從句翻譯下列句子。 1.你昨天錯(cuò)過的會(huì)議非常重要. 2.正在做演講的女孩是我們班的班長. 3.我昨天打壞的花瓶是很昂貴的. 4.昨天幫助了你的男孩是我的

45、鄰居. 5.這正是我所感興趣的話題.狀語從句：主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類,分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多,但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)。 現(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1、時(shí)間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, th

46、e day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.2、地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:where特殊引導(dǎo)詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily pollute

47、d where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:because, since, as, for特殊引導(dǎo)詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asMy friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come

48、, let's begin our conference.4、目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.5、結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:such tha

49、t, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.6、條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe'll

50、 start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.7、讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMu

51、ch as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.盡管我很尊敬他, 我卻不同意他的建議。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.8、比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempe

52、red as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,猶如油之于機(jī)器。9、方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our childre

53、n the way our parents have taught us.1 因?yàn)槠谀┛荚囘€剩下一周的時(shí)間了，同學(xué)們都很忙。（there be to go） 2 由于這些產(chǎn)品都具備相似的效果，所以你可以任選一款。 3 他坐到老人的對(duì)面以便聽得更清楚。（so that）同位語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, a

54、nswer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。二、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用tha

55、t引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）例：We'll discuss th

56、e problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問題。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加"是否"的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"什么時(shí)候"、"什么地點(diǎn)"、"什么方式"等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加"什么時(shí)候"的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加"如何"的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容