動名詞的用法及練習題

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上動名詞的用法1動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞 + ing構成，否定形式為not doing，具有動詞和名詞的性質，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。1）作主語動名詞是由動詞變化而來，所以，動名詞的意義往往是表示某個動作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運動Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Smoking may cause cancer. 吸煙可能導致癌癥。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.  乘火車到杭州要16

2、個小時。Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以發(fā)展肌肉。動名詞作主語時，對于一些比較長的動名詞短語，一般采用"It is "和"There is "兩種句式來表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘。It needs time to make three copies of it.把它復制三份需要時間。 It's nice talking with you.  和你談話很高興。 It's n

3、o use arguing with him.  跟他爭論沒用。It is no use sending him over. Its too late already. 派他去沒用，已經(jīng)太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按時準備好很困難。It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是沒有用的。It is no good learning without practice.學而不實踐是沒好處的。It is dangerous using this met

4、hod to measure the speed of light. 用這種方法去測量光速是危險的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指導老師咨詢一下這個問題。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so.  這樣做沒有害處。There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物。&

5、#160;2）作定語  動名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍，一般只限于單個的動名詞作定語，表示“用于的”或表示“處于某件事情中的”含義。例如： swimming pool 游泳池    reading material 閱讀材料walking stick 手杖     floating needle 浮針 opening speech 開幕詞    listening aid 助聽器 waiting room 候車室    running water

6、 自來水 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家  working people 勞動人民sleeping child 熟睡孩子 3）作表語  動名詞作表語的時候，特別要注意：不要與正在進行時混淆。動名詞作表語，表達的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （動名詞） 他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a gr

7、eater extent.（動名詞）讀書當然是學習，然而運用在很大程度上更是學習。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （動名詞） 他們的任務是在西部探查油礦。  動名詞作表語，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆。記住：動名詞表語表達的是“某件事”(與不定式短語的意義相近)，而現(xiàn)在分詞表語表示“具有某個作用”。例如： The situation is very much encouraging.（現(xiàn)在分詞） 形勢非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expec

8、ted. （現(xiàn)在分詞） 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他們的計劃是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是當飛行員。4）作賓語。如：He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，fac

9、e，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（無法忍受）等動詞成詞組后可以用動名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （讓我們繼續(xù)學第六課。說明前面已學了一部分。）Lets go on

10、 to study Lesson 6. （讓我們接著學第六課。說明前面已學了第五課。）I remember doing the exercise. （我記得做過練習。）I must remember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there. （我設法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要講話。）He stopped to talk. （他停下來講話。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些來。）Missing the train m

11、eans waiting for another hour. （誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 動詞need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語表示事情需要做，這時，動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth后必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義。如：The window

12、 needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短語devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to

13、等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有時用動名詞作賓語時，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為。start，begin，continue在書面語中多后接動名詞，在口語中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語：當主語是物而不是人時；當start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時，當后面作賓語的動詞表示感情、思想或意念時。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to

14、cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后須用不定式。5）動名詞作狀語  動名詞作狀語表示在進行一動作的同時所進行的另一動作，它對謂語動詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。動名詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結果、方式或伴隨情況。 Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (時間) 打掃完房間，我們開始在花園里除草。 Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at

15、 their work. (時間) 進屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。 Being ill, he couldn't go to school. (原因) 因為生病，他不能去上學。 Having no interest in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. (原因) 由于對這個話題沒有興趣，他沒去參加講座。 Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (條件) 只要刻苦學習，你會成功的。 Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (條

16、件) 利用原子能，我們能夠建造太空船。 Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (讓步) (盡管)成績是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改進的東西。 My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (結果) 我的車被交通擁擠堵住，所以延誤了。 Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) 我們坐火車訪問了好多城市。 Mary sat by the

17、window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴隨) 瑪麗坐在教室的窗戶旁，正在讀一本書。6）動名詞作定語 動名詞作定語時和形容詞的功能是相似的。動名詞可以單獨作定語，如： a smiling face 笑臉 a leading figure 領導人物 動名詞還能構成合成詞作定語，如： easy-going man 好說話的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠藥片dining-car 餐車當分詞短語做后置定語時，可以轉換成定語從句。 She went on board the train leaving for Shang

18、hai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. 她乘坐了去上海的火車。 There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 在我們面前有兩條路，一條通向沙灘，另一條通向公園。2，練習題、單項選擇：1.No one enjoys _

19、at.A. laughing B. to laugh  C. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passpo

20、rt? I remember _ it here.  - You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.Afte

21、r finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesn't mean _ the language.A. to learn

22、；to learn    B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn  D. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing   C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to study

23、B. studying  C. to studying  D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back  B. put back  C. to put back D. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；post B. hearing；to postC.

24、be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite  C

25、. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out    B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out    D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen  C. to be

26、seen D. to have seen18.I'd like to suggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off  C. put off D. to be put off19.I don't see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish；helping    B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping  D. fin

27、ishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done    B. doing；doingC. to be done；to be done    D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _ the work.A. finish B. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishi

28、ng22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 r B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught  C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At f

29、irst, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take   B. may leave；takingC. might leave；to take    D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearing 

30、 C. While hearingD. Having heard26.  _ his mother, the baby could not help _.A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing27.It's no use _ so much money on clothes.A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent28.The sentence needs _.A. improveB. a improvement

31、60;C. improving D. improved29.If he succeeded _ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A. to find B. to look for  C. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _ to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to take、填入動名詞的適當形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I can't understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didn't mind _ overtime. (work)4. To