初三英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語中的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)一、句型1： Subject (主語) Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，所謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have l

2、ived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主語) Link. V(系動詞) Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, g

3、o等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主語) Verb (謂語) Object (賓語)這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名詞） 他拿著書包離開了。2) Li Lei always helps

4、 me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。注意：英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。四、句型4： Subject(主語)Verb(謂語) Indirect object(間接賓語)Direct object (直接賓語)這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句

5、中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人

6、經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5： Subject(主語)Verb (動詞)Object (賓語)Complement(補(bǔ)語)這種句型中的“賓語 補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔(dān)

7、任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken wit

8、h two Americans.(過去分詞) 常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個

9、晚上。l 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；名詞(代詞)+形容詞；名詞(代詞)+副詞；名詞(代詞)+不定式；名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。l 二） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。舉例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。The pre

10、sident assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired

11、to go home earlier.會議結(jié)束后，每個人都想早點(diǎn)回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。l 三） With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood t

12、here, with his hand raise. 典型例題The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞注意: 1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題： 當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)

13、。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分 詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 典型例題：Weather_, we'll go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting本題中沒有連詞

14、，它不是復(fù)合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號，且we 小寫，可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'，表主動，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞 如果不會判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。l 不能“以貌取意”的常見句型例析l 1This is the last thing I would ever w

15、ant to do      這是我最不愿做的一件事情。      【析】“the last to do；the last 定語從句”中的last的意思為“l(fā)east willing/likely”，譯為“最不愿意；最不可能”。      He's the last man I want to see他是我最不想見的人。      He is the last person to tell a lie他是最不可能撒謊的人。 &#

16、160;    She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner她是我在宴會上最不愿與之挨著坐的女人。 2One can't be too honest      人越老實(shí)越好。      【析】句中“cannottoo”意為“無論怎樣也不過分”或“越越好”。該句型中的not可以換成 hardly，never或scarcely；too可以換成 over或enough等，意思不變。   

17、  You cannot be too carefulYou cannot be over carefulYou cannot be careful enough你越仔細(xì)越好。      A man can never have too many friends朋友越多越好。 3It's a wise man that never makes mistakes 無論多么聰明的人，也難免犯錯誤。      【析】“It is a 形容詞名詞that”結(jié)構(gòu)是一個特殊的習(xí)慣用法，意思是“無論怎樣的也不”

18、。真正的句子意思與字面意思相反，它具有含蓄的讓步意味，切不可望文生義,譯成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。      It's a long lane that has no turning無論怎樣長的巷子也有轉(zhuǎn)彎處。（引申意義為：耐心等待終會時(shí)來運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。）      It's a good horse that never stumbles再好的馬也有失前蹄的時(shí)候。（引申意義為：金無足赤，人無完人。） 4I'm too anxious to know the result    &#

19、160; 我極想知道結(jié)果。      【析】英語中“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“太以致不”的意思。例如：The star is too small to see但是，如果too后形容詞表示主語的狀態(tài)、心理活動、情感態(tài)度（常見的有g(shù)lad，easy，ready，anxious，eager， willing，happy等），并與其后的不定式構(gòu)成固定搭配，這時(shí)too含有肯定意義，表示“very，extremely”的意思。      They are too anxious to leave他們急于離去。  

20、0;   MrSmith was too eager to see her史密斯先生極想見到她。 5It's three years since he was a teacher      他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。      【析】在“It is some time since 主語謂語其它成分。”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果從句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，那么時(shí)間的計(jì)算就從該動作的發(fā)生開始算起。     Its three years since he joine

21、d the army他參軍已經(jīng)三年了。     如果從句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，時(shí)間就要從該動作的結(jié)束算起。     It's many years since they lived here他們不在這兒住已經(jīng)好多年了。 6All that glitters is not gold      閃光的東西不一定都是金子。      【析】在句中當(dāng)不定代詞all，both，every及 every的復(fù)合詞，副詞always，often

22、，entirely與 not一起使用時(shí)，表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”，“不是每個人都”等。      I don't remember all these formulas這些公式我并非全都記得。      Every man cannot do it并非每個人都能做這個。      I don't entirely agree with you我并不完全同意你的看法。      注意：當(dāng)all，both，every

23、等詞和帶im-，in-，un-，dis-等表示否定意義的前綴的詞連用時(shí)，表示全部否定的意義。     All your answers are incorrect你所有的答案都不正確。     表示全部否定時(shí)，我們常使用no，not，nobody，nothing，never，nowhere，neither等詞。     None of the teachers smoke這些老師都不抽煙。 7The mountain is not valuable because it is

24、 high      山并不因?yàn)楦叨哂袃r(jià)值。（山不在高）      【析】含有原因狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，形式上雖然否定主句的謂語，然而意義上則是否定該原因狀語，譯為“并不因?yàn)槎薄?     You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy你不能僅僅因?yàn)樗嬖V你不買就走開。      Galileo was not ready

25、to accept it just because Aristotle had said so伽利略并不只是因?yàn)閬喞锼苟嗟抡f過某事如何如何，就輕易相信它。 8I didn't pretend to understand what he said      我假裝沒懂他說的話。      【析】常用動詞pretend，happen的否定形式有兩種：既可以否定pretend，也可以否定其后的不定式，其意義不變。      I didn't happen to be

26、 thereI happened not to be there我恰巧不在那兒。      They didn't pretend to see me when I went byThey pretended not to see me when I went by當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，他們假裝沒有看見我。 9Let's have a rest under the big tree It's nice and cool here      讓我們在大樹下歇會吧。這兒很涼快。   

27、;   【析】nice and，good and都表示“很，非常，完全”的意思。and前的形容詞實(shí)質(zhì)上起副詞作用，修飾后邊的形容詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。      I am good and ready我都準(zhǔn)備好了。      It is good and cold in the morning早上非常冷。 l 五種基本簡單句型及句子類型的練習(xí)一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu). He 。But unluckily he today. (be)他很隨和。但不巧的是，他今天在家。. What he said . (prove)

28、 他所說的話證明是真的。. This school isn't no longer .(use)這所學(xué)校不再是從前的那個樣子。. An effective way, I think, . (save)我認(rèn)為，一個有效的方法是節(jié)省用水。. She in our school. (charge)她在我們學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)英語角。. His job is . (raise) 他的工作是養(yǎng)豬。. Listening to light music during class break. (feel)在下課時(shí)，聽輕音樂感覺挺爽。8 .The shop till 9 oclock in the evening

29、. (stay) 這個商店開門一直到晚上九點(diǎn)。9 .When asked why she did it, she all the time.(remain) 當(dāng)被問及她為什么做這件事，她始終沉默不語。二、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1. At the yesterday's party， Li Ping .（opposite） 在昨天的派對，李平坐在Jenny的對面。2. He so as to catch the first bus. (get) 為了趕上第一班公汽，她起了個大早。3. The Shanghai Expo .(last) 上海世博會從五月一日開到十月三十一日。4. The global

30、financial crisis .(break)全球金融危機(jī)在2008年爆發(fā)。5. The secretary ，preparing a speech for his boss. (work) 秘書工作很晚到深夜，一直在為他的老板準(zhǔn)備發(fā)言稿。6. Hearing the news ,she cried sadly. (die)聽到他父親死了的消息，她悲傷地哭了。7.The cost of housing ，which upsets millions of nations. (go) 房價(jià)已上漲40%，使無數(shù)國民苦惱。8.The girls .(stop) 女孩們停下來休息一下。三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

31、1. In addition, watching English movies regularly .(attract) 另外，經(jīng)常看英文電影可能會吸引更多的學(xué)生。2. We reading "Please Taking care of the Trees" in order to remind the people of protecting the environment. (put) 為了提醒人們保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們張貼了一張寫著“請愛護(hù)樹木”的牌子。3. I don't know .(do) 我不知道怎么辦。4. How can you the island? (

32、risk)你怎么能冒險(xiǎn)登陸那個島嶼？5. She in the mirror. (see) 她照了一下鏡子。6. I , but I was too busy. (intend)我本打算幫助他，但我太忙了。7. Would you mind ？(open) 你介意我打開窗戶嗎？8. The total money .(add)這些錢加起來共計(jì)5000美元。四、雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)1. The headmaster . (award) 校長授予他一等獎。2. You as soon as you get there. (write) 你一到那兒最好給我寫一封信。3. I wonder whether yo

33、u can . (spare) 我想知道你是否能給我抽出你寶貴的幾分鐘時(shí)間。4. Please before I leave . (answer) 在我離開之前，請回答我一個問題。5. The picture shows us .(do) 圖片向我們展示我們老師在做什么。6 I was very happy because mother . (buy) 我很高興因?yàn)閶寢尳o我買了一件精美的禮物。7 Oh, the chalk has run out. Can you .(fetch) 粉筆用完了，你能幫我拿一些粉筆嗎？8 Can you tonight ?(take) 你今晚能帶一些錢給李平嗎？

34、五、復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)1. I find . (challenge) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)更富挑戰(zhàn)性。2. The workers there treat us as their friend, which . (feel) 這兒的工人把我們看做他們的朋友，這是我們感到非常高興。3. As is seen from the picture, I can see ，answering the questions that were put forward by pictures. (raise) 正如從照片看到的那樣，我能看見學(xué)生們正舉起他們的手，回答那些圖片上提出的問題。4. Bans in public

35、 places or give it up. (urge) 公共場合的禁令將會督促吸煙者少吸煙或戒煙。5. Last weekend, I their trip to Beidaihe .(help) 上周末，我?guī)透改赴才帕巳ケ贝骱拥穆眯小?. Finally, I .(wish) 最后，我祝你的演講成功。7. They .(name) 他們給女兒取名瑪麗。8.The door was too old, then the owner asked a worker . (paint) 門太舊了，于是物主要求工人將它涂上紅色。9. I spoke slowly to .(make)我講慢了一點(diǎn)，讓

36、他人明白我的意思。10. The girl was so shy that I suggested she . (at home) 女孩兒如此害羞以致于我建議她別拘束。并列句練習(xí)1 Work hard, _ you will pass the during test . A. or B. but C. because D. and2 Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become worse and worse. A. and    B. then    C but  

37、60;   D. or3 They bought Granny a present _ she liked it very much. A. and    B. so    C. but      D. while            4 They all went to the cinema     I didn&

38、#39;t.  A. get    B. or    C. but    D. so5 Hello, Mr. Huang!I'm sorry,      I don't think I know you. A. and    B. or    C. but    D. because6 The little boy is very young

39、 _ he can look after himself well. A. So    B. but    C. if    D. or7 Bill put his hands behind his back, _ nobody could see his hands. A. so    B. and    C. or    D. but8 Neither you nor I _ from Canada. We ar

40、e from Australia. A. is    B. are    C. am    D. be9 We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. A. either；or     B. not only；but also    C neither；nor    D. not；but10. Mr. Brown know

41、s little Japanese,       he can't understand the instructions on the bottle Of the pills. A. so    B. or    C. but    D. for11. Can you play football? Yes, I can,         I can'

42、t play very well. A. or    B. and    C. so    D. but 12. The war was over about three months ago, _the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. or    B. and      C. but    D. so13. You must work hard, _ you will fall behind. A. and