人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分類歸納

1、人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分類歸納 (一 形容詞和副詞I. 要點(diǎn)A. 形容詞1、 形容詞的用法形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、 描繪名詞的, 通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ), 有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。 如:He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序:冠

2、詞 +序數(shù)詞 +基數(shù)詞 +性質(zhì)狀態(tài) (描述性 +形狀大小 +新舊老少 +顏色 +國(guó)籍 +材料 +名詞。 如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式(1 規(guī)則形式一般說(shuō)來(lái), 單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加 -er; -est 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí); 其他雙音節(jié) 詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加 more, most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(themost important(2 不規(guī)則形式go

3、od (well-better-bestbad (ill-worse-worstmany (much-more-mostlittle-less-least(3 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級(jí) +than. 如:He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.表示兩者以上的比較,用 the +形容詞最高級(jí) (+名詞 +of(in 如:He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示兩者是同等程度,用 as +形容詞原級(jí) +as. 如:He i

4、s as tall as I.I have as many books as you. 越 越 例如:The more I learn, the happier I am. You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。 I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。 My English is no

5、better than yours.我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。 B. 副詞1、 副詞的種類(1 時(shí)間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等(2 地點(diǎn)副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。(3 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。(4 程度副詞 如:almost, n

6、early, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。2、 副詞比較等級(jí)的用法其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如:Of all the boys he sings (the most beautifully.We must work harder.3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別(1 already, yet, stillalready 表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生,主要用于肯定句; yet 表示期待某事發(fā)生,主要用于否定句 和疑問(wèn)句; still 表示某事還在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如: Weve al

7、ready watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2 too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well 和 also 用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句, too 和 as well 多用于口語(yǔ),一般放在句末,而 also 多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。 either 用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句,往往放 在句末。如:He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as wel

8、l.I also went there.(3 hard, hardlyhardly 意為 幾乎 與 hard 在詞義上完全不同。如:I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4 late, latelylately 意為 最近、近來(lái) , late 意為 晚、遲 。如:He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?例 1 Toms father thinks he is already _A high enough B tall enoughC enough high C e

9、nough tall解析:該題正確答案是 B 。 修飾人高用 tall, 而建筑物的高用 high, 并且 enough 修飾形容詞 要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選 B 。例 2 _ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析:該題正確答案為 B 。 the+形容詞比較級(jí) + , the +形容詞比較級(jí) + 意為越 , 越 。 該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。例 3I haven

10、t been to London yet.I havent been there _.A too B also C either D neither解析:該題正確答案為 C 。 A 和 B 都用于肯定句中。 D-neither 本身意為否定 兩者都不 , 而 C-either 則用于否定句中,意為 也 。例 4 Mr Smith was _ moved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply解析:該題正確答案為 B 。 A. deep 用于副詞時(shí),修飾具體的深,如 dig deep, 而 B-deeply 則修飾表示感情色彩

11、的詞, 如該題為 deeply moved.另如 deeply regret等。 而 D-quite 和 deeply 均為副詞,不能互相修飾。中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之二:介詞(二 介詞I. 要點(diǎn)1、介詞和種類(1 簡(jiǎn)單介詞,常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2 復(fù)合介詞,如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系(1 和動(dòng)詞的搭配,如 agree with, ask for,

12、belong to, break away from, care about等。(2 和形容詞的搭配,如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3 和名詞的搭配,如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等 .3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ),這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如:He came right after dinner.He lives directly oppo

13、site the school.4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1 at, on, in(表時(shí)間 表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用 at, 如 at four oclock, at midnight 等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用 at, 如 at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用 on, 如 on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用 in, 如 in the afternoon, in Febr

14、uary, in Summer, in 1999等。 (2 between, among(表位置 between 僅用于二者之間,但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí),也用 between, 如Im sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among 用于三者或三者以上之間。如:He is the best among the students.(3 beside, besidesbeside 意為 在 旁邊 ,而 besides 意為 除 之外 。如:He sat beside me.Wha

15、t do you want besides this?(4in the tree, on the treein the tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上,而 on the tree 指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上(5on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問(wèn)一句 in this way 用這樣的方法(6in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外(7in the morning,

16、on the morningin the morning 是一般說(shuō)法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8by bus, on the busby bus 是一般說(shuō)法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車 II. 例題例 1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析:A 、 B 兩項(xiàng) except 等于 but , 意為 除了 , C-beside 意為 在 旁邊 , 不符合題意。 而 D-besides, 意為 除了 之外, 還有 。 所以該題正確答案為

17、 D 。 該題意為:除了英語(yǔ)外, 你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎?例 2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析:我們均知道, at night這一短語(yǔ),但如果 night 前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用 介詞 on 來(lái)修飾,故該題正確答案為 A 。例 3 Im looking forward _your letter.A to B in C at D on解析:該題正確答案為 A 。 look forward to 為固定搭配,意為 期望、盼望 。中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之三:連詞(三 連詞I. 要點(diǎn)1、 連詞的種類(1

18、 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句,如 and , for, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor 等。(2 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,如 that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了從屬連詞 (引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 外,還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和 連接副詞 (引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 ,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 (引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 。2、 常用連詞舉例(1and 和,并且They drank and sang all night.(2 bothand 和, 既 也 Both my parents and I went

19、 there.(3 but 但是,而Im sad, but he is happy.(4 eitheror 或 或 , 要么 要么 Either youre wrong, or I am.(5 for因?yàn)镮 asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.(6 however 然而,可是Af first, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go. (7 neithernor 既不 也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees w

20、ith you.(8 not onlybut(also 不但 而且 He not only sings well, but also dances well.(9 or 或者,否則Hurry up, or youll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10 so 因此,所以Its getting late, so I must go.(11 although 雖然Although it was late, they went on working.(12 as soon as 一 就Ill tell him as soon as I see him.(

21、13 because 因?yàn)镠e didnt go to school, because he was ill.(14unless 除非,如果不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.(15until 直到 He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于 not until 結(jié)構(gòu) He stayed there until eleven.(16while 當(dāng) 時(shí)候,而 (表示對(duì)比 While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞 My pen is red whil

22、e his is blue.(17for 因?yàn)镠e was ill, for he didnt come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的 (18since自從 I have lived here since my uncle left.(19hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.(20as far as 就 來(lái)說(shuō)As far as I know, that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里 II. 例題例 1 Joh

23、n plays football _, if not better than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析:該題意為:John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的話,那也踢得和 David 一樣好。 和 一樣好為 as well as. 故該題正確答案為 B 。例 2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while解析:該處意

24、為 然而 ,只有 while 有此意思,故選 D 。例 3 Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析:該處意為 或者 ,正確答案為 C 。中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之四:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(四 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)I. 要點(diǎn)1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài), 常與 sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming af

25、ter school.(2 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如:The earth goes round the sun.2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與 now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如: What are you doing now?(2 和 always, continually等連用,表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作,常含有某種情感。如: He is always doing good deeds.3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, 對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 或可能還要繼續(xù)下 去,常與 just, already, so far, onc

26、e, never 等詞連用。如 :Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與 tomorrow, next year等連用。如: Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.Were going to see a film next Monday.5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:It happened many years

27、ago.6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:What were you doing this time yesterday?7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如:The train had already left before we arrived.8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:He said he would come, but he didnt.9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài),以 give 為例。時(shí)/式 一般 進(jìn)行 完成現(xiàn)在 am is given are am is being are has b

28、een given have過(guò)去 was given were was being given were had been given將來(lái) shall be given will shall have been given will過(guò)去將來(lái) should be given would should have been given wouldII. 例題例 1 I learned that her father _ in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead解析:該題正確答案為 B 。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前, 但因從句中有明

29、確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) in 1950, 所以不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 例 2 The five-year-old girl _ by her parents.A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked解析:該題正確答案為 C 。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中,介詞不能省,否則 就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),而不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之五:動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣(五 動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣I. 要點(diǎn)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí), 或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況, 而是一種愿望、 建議或與事實(shí)相反的假 設(shè)等。一般常

30、用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。1、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成注:如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有 were 或 had, should, could有時(shí)可將 if 省去 , 但要倒裝。 如:Had you (If you had invited us, we would have come to your party.2、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用(1 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、 惋惜、 理應(yīng)如此等, 其謂語(yǔ)形式是 should(可省 +動(dòng)詞 原形 ,常用于以下三種句型中。句型一:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc that句型二:It is a pity

31、 (a shame, no wonder, etc that句型三:It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc that如:It is strange that he (should have done that.It is a pity that he (should be so careless.It is requested that we (should be so careless.(2 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, orde

32、r,command 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中, 表間接的命令和建議。 其謂語(yǔ)形式是 (should+動(dòng)詞原形 。 如:I suggest that we (should go swimming.(3 在表語(yǔ)從句中,表示間接的命令,要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等,主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是 suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是 (should+動(dòng)詞原形 。如: His suggestion is that we (should leave at once.(4 在同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)形式是 (should+動(dòng)詞原形 。如:We received o

33、rder that the work be done at once.(5 在 It is time that 句型中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 或should +動(dòng)詞原形 ,should 不可省。如:Its time (that we went ( should go to school. II. 例題例 1 We had hoped that he _ longer.A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay解析:該題正確答案為 D 。 had hoped 表示 本希望 ,同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有 think, expect 等,后面的句子需用虛

34、擬語(yǔ)氣例 2 Mary wants to see you today.I would rather she _ tomorrow than today.A comes B came C should come D will come解析:該題正確答案為 B 。 would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。 例 3 Had she been older, she _ it better.A had done B might have done C might do D would do解析:Had she been older = If she had been old.

35、故該題正確答案為 B 。(六 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I. 要點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體, 其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞, 有的相當(dāng)于不 及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種: (1 動(dòng)詞+介詞常見(jiàn)的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from, add to, lead to 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如:Dont laugh at others.I didnt care about it.(2 動(dòng)詞+副詞常見(jiàn)的有 give up,

36、pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如 果是名詞, 既可放在副詞前邊, 又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞, 則要 放在副詞前邊。如:Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞常見(jiàn)的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如:All hi

37、s money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞常見(jiàn)的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只 能放在介詞后邊。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5 動(dòng)詞+形容詞常見(jiàn)的有 leave open, set

38、free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞,則賓語(yǔ)可放 在形容詞的前邊, 也可放在后邊; 賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞, 則必須放在形容詞前邊。 如:The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6 動(dòng)詞+名詞常見(jiàn)的有 take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.(7辨析give away(讓給,暴露 和 give up(放棄,停止 put away

39、(放起,收起 和 put out (撲滅 turn up(出席,放大 和 turn on (打開(kāi) keep out(阻止 和 keep off (不讓靠近 make up(編造,補(bǔ)上 和 make out(辨認(rèn) take off(脫,起飛 和 take out(拿出 II. 例題例 1 It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析:該題正確答案為 A 。意為 存 ; keep up意為 繼續(xù) ; give away意為 分發(fā) ; lay up貯藏 。例 2 He

40、res my card. Lets keep in _.A touch B relation C connection D friendship解析:該題正確答案為 A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,意為 保持聯(lián)系 。例 3 _! Theres a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析:該題選 A. look out 意為 小心 。中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之七:動(dòng)詞不定式(七 動(dòng)詞不定式I. 要點(diǎn)1、 不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞 write 為例。式|語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式 to write to be written完成式 to have written to have been written進(jìn)行式 to be writing完成進(jìn)行式 to have been writing2、 不定式的句法功能(1 作主語(yǔ)To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了保持句子的平衡,往往以 it 作形式主語(yǔ),而不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 后。如:Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.(2 作賓語(yǔ)通常用于 want, hope