八年級英語時(shí)態(tài)

1、 人教版七、八年級英語重要時(shí)態(tài)集中營第一部分：時(shí)態(tài)解析及鞏固練習(xí)。一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的概念和用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常、反復(fù)、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;（2）表示目前的狀況；（3）表示自然界的客觀真理。2.幾種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：（1）謂語動(dòng)詞是 be 動(dòng)詞： A：肯定：主語 + be(am , is , are ) + 其他例：I am a teacher , and she is a doctor .B：否定：主語 + be + not +其他例:They are not good at English .C:一般疑問：Be +主語 +其他 ?例:Is your mother a farmer ?D:

2、特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式即：疑問詞 + be +主語 +其他 ?例: Who is the girl over there ?（2）謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）：A：肯定：主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 第三人稱單數(shù)形式 + 其他 例: We need some money . She likes shopping .B:否定：主語 + dont (doesnt) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其他 例：They dont have any story books .My son doesnt eat meat .C：一般疑問：Do (Does) + 主語 + 動(dòng)原 + 其他 ？Do you live in

3、 the country ?Does the headmaster have a lot of money ?D:特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式即：疑問詞 + do (does) + 主語 + 動(dòng)原 +其他 ？例：What do you have for supper ?Which subject does Tom prefer ?（3）謂語含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：A：肯定：主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)動(dòng)原 + 其他 例：He can speak English well .B:否定：主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 實(shí)動(dòng)原 + 其他 例：You mustnt swim in the river .

4、C:一般疑問：情動(dòng) + 主語 +實(shí)動(dòng)原 + 其他 ？例：May I come in ? Could you help me ?D:特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式即：疑問詞 + 情動(dòng) + 主語 + 實(shí)動(dòng)原 + 其他 ？例：What can I do for you ?Who should they ask for help 3動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變法：與名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)的變法大致相同。鞏固練習(xí)。1.We _ ( go ) to school on foot every day .2.They _( not have ) any lessons on Sundays .3.She _ ( bru

5、sh ) her teeth twice a day .4.These students _ ( be not ) good at boating .5.Wei Hua always _( carry ) water for his grandpa on Sundays .6._Kate _( like ) making friends ?7.The lazy boy _( not do ) his homework in the evening .8.How many classes _you _( have ) every day?9.Who _the baby _( look ) lik

6、e ?10.He can _( teach ) us Enlgish well .11. He often _(have) dinner at home.12. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.13. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.14. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?15. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?16. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.17. She and

7、 I _(take) a walk together every evening.18. There _(be) some water in the bottle.19. They _(have) the same hobby.20. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.21. You always _(do) your homework well.22. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.23. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.24. The child often

8、_(watch) TV in the evening.25.-What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.26. He _ (get) up at six oclock.27. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every morning?28. What _he usually _ (do) after school?29. Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.?30.What time _ his mother _ (do) the house

9、work?二一般過去時(shí) 1.一般過去時(shí)的概念和用法： (1).表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或過去經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 We had a good time last Sunday . He was a farmer last spring . I often went fishing fifteen years ago . (2).有時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不是很清楚，但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)是過去發(fā)生的，要用過去時(shí)表示。 I broke my leg in the accident. 2.一般過去時(shí)句子的幾種構(gòu)成形式： (1). 謂語動(dòng)詞是 be 動(dòng)詞： A：肯定：主語 + be(was , were ) +

10、 其他 例：I was at home just now. They were out yesterday . B：否定：主語 + be + not +其他 例:They were not good at English last term. C:一般疑問：Be +主語 +其他 ? 例:Was your mother a farmer ? D:特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式 即：疑問詞 + be +主語 +其他 ? Where were you ten minutes ago ? (2).謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）： A：肯定：主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式+ 其他 例: We moved to

11、 China many years ago . B:否定：主語 + didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其他 例：We didnt have any classes yesterday . C：一般疑問：Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)原 + 其他 ？ Did you have a good time at the party ? D:特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式 即：疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動(dòng)原 +其他 ？ What did you eat just now ? 3.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變法： A.一般情況下直接在詞尾加 “ed”. B.以e結(jié)尾的直接加d. C.以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的，改y為

12、i,再ed. 如：study ,carry 等。 D.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，即以重讀的“輔 + 元 + 輔”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾，先雙 寫后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed. 如：step , control , prefer 等。鞏固練習(xí)：1.We _( begin ) the class meeting an hour ago.2.The girl _( stop ) crying when she saw her mother.3.Tom _( not have ) his breakfast this morning , now he feels very hungry .4._you _( see ) th

13、e accident yesterday ?5.Why _her mother _( go ) there in 1990 ?6.The little boy _( be ) born on a cold evening .7.John _( fall ) off the tree and hurt himself badly .8.There _( be ) a heavy rain last night 9.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.10. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last nig

14、ht.So he _ (get) up late.11. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.12. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.13. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)14. -When _ you _ (come) to china?-Last year.15. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?16. How many people _ (be) there in your class l

15、ast term?17. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it.三. 一般將來時(shí) 1.一般將來時(shí)的概念和用法： 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；或者事先安排好要做的事情。 2.句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式： (1).be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 其中的be只能是am , is ,are A：肯定：主語 + be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 Tim is going to join the army . B：否定：主語 + be +not+ goin

16、g to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 Mother is not going to do some shopping today . C：一般疑問：Be +主語 + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 Are you going to talk with me ? D:特殊疑問：疑問詞+ 一般疑問句式 即：疑問詞 + be +主語 + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 Where is your uncle going to spend his holiday ? 注：在使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，如果它后面的動(dòng)詞表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移，在造句時(shí)可以直接用那個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式（be

17、 + V-ing )來表示將來的動(dòng)作。 常見的表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞有：go , come , leave , fly 等。 如：The old man is going to go to the hospital . =The old man is going to the hospital . The football star is going to leave for Shanghai tomorrow . =The football star is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. (2). will + 動(dòng)詞原形 A：肯定：主語 + will + 動(dòng)詞原形

18、+ 其他 I will call you later . B:否定：主語 + will +not (wont) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 We will not be late for school again . They wont get up so early . C:一般疑問：Will + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 ？ Will he come to my home for supper ? D:特殊疑問： 疑問詞 + will + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 ？ When will the film begin ?鞏固練習(xí)：（一）詞形變換。 1. Today is a sunny

19、 day. We_ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _ (fly) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 5.They _(come ) in two days . 6._she _(join ) us tomorrow ? 7.There _(be) a baske

20、tball match next Monday .（二）單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give2.He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is going giving3.He _ in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going

21、to coming back4.Who _ _ swimming with us tomorrow afternoon?A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; goes5.The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match.A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. to watch6.They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will havi

22、ng D. is going to have7._ you _ free next Sunday?A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be8.He _ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. will B. is C. will be D. be9.I _ _ a teacher in the future.A. will, be B. is, be C. is, being D. will, is10.They _ _ to the park next Sunday.A. will goes B. will go C

23、. is going D. will go11.My family _ _ to church next weekend.A. will go B. goes C. will going D. is going12.My mother will _ me a pencil tonight.A. gives B. giving C. give13.He _ play football tomorrow.A. will B. is C. be14.My grandpa and grandma _ _ to see us in two days.A. will coming B. will come

24、 C. is coming D. are coming15.She _ _ TV this evening.A. wills watch B. will watching C. is watching D. will watch16.My grandpa _ _ at home the day after tomorrow.A. will stay B. wills stay C. will stays D. is staying17.Mom will _ back soon.A. comes B. coming C. comes D. come四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念和用法： 表

25、示某一動(dòng)作此時(shí)此刻或目前階段正在進(jìn)行。 2.構(gòu)成形式： 助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式） 其中的be只能是am , is , are (1).肯定：主語 +助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 She is writing a letter. We are having supper . (2).否定：主語 +助動(dòng)詞be +not+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他 Tom isnt reading English but watching TV at the moment . I am not feeling well today . (3).一般疑問： Be +主語 + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)

26、在分詞 + 其他 ？ Are you singing an English song ? Is your mother cooking in the kitchen ? (4).特殊疑問：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句式 即：疑問詞+be +主語 + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他 ？ What is Kate doing in her room now ? Who are they waiting for ? 3.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞變法： A.一般的直接加ing . B.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾，先去掉 e，再加上ing. C.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，即以重讀的“輔 + 元 + 輔”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾，先雙 寫后一個(gè)輔音字母，

27、再加ing. 如：begin , shop 等 。鞏固練習(xí)：l 1.Li Lei is _ ( write ) something carefully .l 2.Look ! The little girl _(listen) to music .l 3.-Where are the twins ?- They_( sit ) under the bed .l 4.Our English teacher _( not sleep ) right now , instead he is working .l 5._your uncle _( drive ) a car now ?l 6. Don

28、t go outside , it _( rain ) heavily .l 7.What _your friends _( do ) at the moment?l 8.What is _( happen ) over there ? l 9.When spring comes , its _( get ) warmer and warmer.l 10.The children _( enjoy ) the field trip now 五.過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念和用法： 表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用：at that time , at this ti

29、me yesterday , at 8:00 last night 等。 2.構(gòu)成形式: be( was , were ) + V-ing (1).肯定：主語+ was/were + V-ing + 其他 We were having a meeting at that time . She was cooking when I got home. (2).否定：主語+ was/were +not + V-ing + 其他 She wasnt watching TV at this time yesterday. (3).一般疑問：Were /Was + 主語 +V-ing +其他 ？ Wer

30、e you having supper at that moment ? (4).特殊疑問： 疑問詞+ were /was + 主語 +V-ing +其他 ? What were you doing at that time ?鞏固練習(xí)：l 1.Tom _( wash ) clothes when I saw him .l 2.While we _( talk ) in the room , the light suddenly went out .l 3.She _( play ) the piano at that time .l 4._Mr Zhang _( give ) a talk

31、when an earthquake l happened ?l 5.Some of the students _(clean ) the classroom this time yesterday .l 6.Where _your mother _( shop ) when I called her .六. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念和用法： 1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have already finished my homework . 2.表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（要求動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的） （常與for 或since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連

32、用） I have waited for you for half an hour . She has been a teacher since 1999. We have studied in this school since two years ago . They have been away since the accident happened. 【注】 for + 時(shí)間段 since + 過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間/時(shí)刻或者是一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的句子。 時(shí)間段:如：a minute , three days , half an hour等。 過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間/時(shí)刻: 如:last week , y

33、esterday, three years ago , 1990等 二、構(gòu)成形式： 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 1.肯定：主語 + have/has +過去分詞+其他 We have planted many trees . 2.否定：主語 + have/has +not +過去分詞+其他 I havent finished my composition yet . She hasnt been to Chongzuo . 3.一般疑問： Have/Has + 主語 + 過去分詞+其他？ Have you had your breakfast ？-Yes , I have ./

34、 No , I havent . Has your mother made a cake ?-Yes , she has . /No , she hasnt . 4.特殊疑問：疑問詞+一般疑問句式 即：疑問詞 + have/has + 主語 + 過去分詞+其他? Where have you spent your winter holidays . What has the thief done these days ? 【附】：動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變法： 說明：規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變法與過去式相同；不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞過去分詞變法請參照課本后面的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。 三、常用的時(shí)間狀語：these days ,

35、 for 5 years , since 1989 , so far , already , just , yet , ever, never , once , twice , recently等。 【注】 already 一般用在肯定句子中。表示“已經(jīng)”。 yet 用在否定或疑問句子末。(否:還;疑:已經(jīng)） 四、比較havehas been to , havehas gone to 和havehas been in 的用法: 1. havehas been to + 地名 （ havehas been +地副） 表示到過或去過某地，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)不在那里。 I have been to Beij

36、ing before . She has never been there . 2. havehas gone to +地名 （ havehas gone+地副） 表示去了某地，可能正在去的途中或已經(jīng)在那里） My aunt has gone to New York on business . The twins have gone back to America . 3. havehas been in +地名（ havehas been +地副）表示來在某地呆了多久。 I have been in this school since I came here . Mary has been

37、in that village for over two months .【注】短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, go, join, leave等，為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等或短語“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語）”來代替這些短暫性動(dòng)詞， 如：become be, beginhave 或 be on, borrowkeep, buyhave, come(go, arrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe d

38、ead例如：I have kept this book for two weeks .(不能用borrowed) She has had the beautiful car for nearly ten years .( 不能用bought) Lu Xun has been dead for many years .( 不能用died)The film has been on for half an hour . (不能用 begun)鞏固練習(xí)：有關(guān)since和for的練習(xí)1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive know

39、n him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. It has been about ten years _ she left the city.6.Ive been like this _last week.用ever , never , already , yet , just 填空1.I have _seen him before , so I have no idea abou

40、t him .2.Jack has _finished his homework .3. -“Have you _seen the film”-No , I have _seen it .”4.-“Has the bus left _?”-Yes , it has _left.”用have(has) been to /have(has) gone to /have(has) been in 各種形式填空。1.-Where is Jack ?-He _his country .2.John _England since he came back .3.How long _they _this v

41、illage ?4.The Smiths _Beijing for years .5.-“_ you ever _America ?” -“Yes , I _there many times .”6.-“Would you like to go to the zoo with me ?” -“Sorry , but I _there before .”用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（與相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)混合練習(xí)）1.Shes _(live ) there ever since she was ten .2.The doctor _( save ) many peoples lives since he bec

42、ame a doctor .3.Mary_(lose) her new pen , and now she looks very sad .4.Mr Gao _(teach ) us Chinese for more than six years .5.-Where is your brother ?-He _( go ) to Nanning with my parents .6.She_( not have ) my lunch yet .7.My sister _(join) the band in 2001 , and she _(be) a singer for nearly ten

43、 years .8.My father _(read) this novel twice .9.We _( wait )for her since six oclock this morning.10.I cant find my new bike . _you _(see) it anywhere ?11.-_you _( clean) your room yet ? -Yes . I _(clean) it two hours ago .12.-_you _( return) the book yet ? -Not yet . I _( return ) it this afternoon

44、 .13.-_your mom _( come) back home yet ? -Yes , she _just _( come) back .七現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)含“進(jìn)行時(shí)”與“完成時(shí)”雙重意義1、 結(jié)構(gòu)形式 .現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 have(has) + been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 2 基本用法 （1）. 表示從過去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)還在進(jìn)行而且可能還要持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作它通常和“for + 一時(shí)間段”或“since + 一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”這樣的時(shí)間狀語連用例如: I have been waiting for a letter from my parents. 我一直

45、在等我父母的來信 It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三個(gè)小時(shí)了 We have been studying here since 2004. 自從2004年以來,我們就一直在這里學(xué)習(xí) （2）. 表示從過去某時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻,可能剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作例如: She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired. 她一整天都在掃大街她太累了 We have been waiting for you for two hours. We dont want to wait any l

46、onger. 我們已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了,不想再等了 3.結(jié)構(gòu)形式：（1）. 肯定句:主語 + have(has) been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他例如: I have been sitting here all the afternoon. 我在這兒坐了一下午 He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old. 從十歲起他就一直在收集各式各樣的郵票 （2）. 否定句:主語 + have(has) not been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他例如: They havent been meeting each ot

47、her for five years. 他們有五年沒有見面了 （3）. 一般疑問句: Have/Has + 主語 + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞? 肯定回答是: Yes, 主語 + have(has).否定回答是: No, 主語 + havent(hasnt).例如: Have you been studying for the English test today? 你今天一直在準(zhǔn)備英語考試嗎? Yes, I have./No. I havent. 是的/不,我沒有 Has Daniel been skating for two years? 丹尼爾滑冰已經(jīng)有兩年了嗎? Yes, he has./No, he hasnt. 是的/不,沒有兩年 (4). 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句?What book have you been reading these days? 最近你在看什么書? 鞏固練習(xí)： 1. You know, I _ (look) for a job for three mon