時態(tài)復習 (2)

1、Tense and voice Tense and voice (一般現(xiàn)在時)(現(xiàn)在進行時)(現(xiàn)在完成時)（過去進行時）Make out what tenses they are.(過去完成時)（過去將來時）(一般將來時)（一般過去時）一、一般現(xiàn)在時一、一般現(xiàn)在時1、用法、用法:（1）表示經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作）表示經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作Father often _( go) to work on foot.goes（2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語的特征）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語的特征He _(be) busy at the moment.is（3）表示客觀真理、諺語等）表示客觀真理、諺語等Trains _(r

2、un) faster than cars.run（4）用于時間或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一）用于時間或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一 般將來時。般將來時。（主將從現(xiàn)）（主將從現(xiàn)） We will go to the park if it _(not rain) tomorrow. We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _(be) over tomorrow.doesnt rainis2、 句子基本結構 ：(1) He works in the factory . Does he work in the factory ?He doe

3、snt work in the factory. (2) I work in the factory . Do you work in the factory ?I dont work in the factory . (3) They are teachers in the school .Are they teachers in the school ?They arent teachers in the school . 二、一般過去時二、一般過去時1、用法：、用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。）表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I _(go) to visit a friend

4、 of mine yesterday.went He_ (be) a soldier three years ago.was2）表示過去經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作。）表示過去經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作。 She often_ (run) in the morning when she was young.ran3）在時間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時）在時間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(主將從現(xiàn)）主將從現(xiàn)） He said he would give her the book if he _(see) her.saw2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：(1) He worked in the factor

5、y . Did he work in the factory ?He didnt work in the factory. (2) They were teachers in the school .Were they teachers in the school ?They werent teachers in the school . 有時句中雖沒有表示確定的過去時間狀語，但根據(jù)有時句中雖沒有表示確定的過去時間狀語，但根據(jù) 實際語言意境可判斷動作或狀態(tài)是過去發(fā)生的。實際語言意境可判斷動作或狀態(tài)是過去發(fā)生的。（不表示客觀真理（不表示客觀真理)1) I _(forget) to bring m

6、y calculator with me.forgot描寫已故之人的動作或狀態(tài)均需用一般過去時。描寫已故之人的動作或狀態(tài)均需用一般過去時。2) Mark Twain _(write)a lot of short stories in his life.wrote4、注意的問題：、注意的問題：三、現(xiàn)在進行時三、現(xiàn)在進行時1、用法：、用法：（1）表示說話時正在進行的動作。）表示說話時正在進行的動作。 The dog _(run) after a cat now.is running（2）表示一階段正在進行的動作）表示一階段正在進行的動作 They_(build) the restaurant th

7、ese days.are building2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：(1) He is studying in his room . Is he studying in his room?He isnt studying in his room. 3、須注意的問題：、須注意的問題：某些表示感官知覺與心理狀態(tài)的動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進某些表示感官知覺與心理狀態(tài)的動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。see ,hear, smell,taste,think, like,hate,want, know, have, wish, etc.He wants to visit

8、 his grandfather now.We _(have) a meeting thewhole morning yesterday.were having四、過去進行時四、過去進行時1、用法：、用法：1）表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。）表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。 He _(walk) down the street this time yesterday.was walking2）表示過去某一時間內(nèi)正進行的動作。）表示過去某一時間內(nèi)正進行的動作。3）表示在過去某個過程發(fā)生的動作，這）表示在過去某個過程發(fā)生的動作，這 個過程往往用過去進行時表示。個過程往往用過去進行時表示。(1)I

9、 _(read) an English book when he came to see me.was reading(2)My mother came back while I_ (do)my homework.was doing(While 表示表示“在在期間期間”，因此所引，因此所引導從句是導從句是延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞，而，而 when 引導從句，引導從句，動作有短暫也有延續(xù)的動作有短暫也有延續(xù)的,在這類情況下，在這類情況下，延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時）when he was watching TV.2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：(1) He was study

10、ing in his room . Was he studying in his room?He wasnt studying in his room. 五、一般將來時五、一般將來時1、用法：、用法：表示將來某個時刻將要發(fā)生的動作或存在表示將來某個時刻將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。的狀態(tài)。They _(fly) to Japan the day after tomorrow. will fly口語中大量使用口語中大量使用be going to 結構表示結構表示事先事先打算有意圖要發(fā)生的動作打算有意圖要發(fā)生的動作或或客觀情況下即客觀情況下即將要發(fā)生的動作將要發(fā)生的動作。Look at the cl

11、ouds. It is going to rain.(1)Miss Green _(come) to the party next Sunday.is coming(2) Look! The old man _(die). We must send him to the hospital at once.is dying有些表示位置移動或狀態(tài)改變的動詞（go, come, leave, arrive, die 等等）,用它們的進行時來表示即將發(fā)生的動作。2、須注意的問題：2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：1. We will have a test next week . Will you

12、 have a test next week ?We wont have a test next week.2. We are going to have a test next week.Are you going to have a test next week ?We arent going to have a test next week .六、過去將來時過去將來時1、用法： 表示從過去的某一時候來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(1)Mother promised that she_ (take) me to the park this Sunday.would take(2) Cok

13、e said that he_(make) a trip to the seaside next Tuesday.was going to make 2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：1. We should/would have a test next week . Would you have a test next week ?We shall not / wont have a test next week.2. We were going to have a test next week.Were you going to have a test next week ?We we

14、rent going to have a test next week .四、現(xiàn)在完成時四、現(xiàn)在完成時 (The Present Perfect Tense)1、用法：、用法：1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果(1)They_(buy) a new house,so they will move into it tomorrow.have bought(2) She_ (lose) her ring,so she wants to buy a new one .has lost2)表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動

15、作或狀態(tài), 常與常與“for+時間段時間段”或或“since+時間點或從句時間點或從句”連用。連用。have learned(2) They_ (stay) in this hotel since last Tuesday. have stayed (1) We_ (learn) English for seven years.2 2、 句子基本結構句子基本結構 ：1. We have learned 3000words since 2004 . Have you learned 3000words since 2004 ?We havent learned 3000words since 2

16、004.2. He has already completed his work .Has he completed his work yet ?He hasnt completed his work yet .4、注意的問題、注意的問題:1）區(qū)別區(qū)別: have/has been to have/has gone to have /has been in(1) She _Beijing,she isnt here now.has gone to(2) I _Canada twicehave been to2）瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別：）瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別：瞬間動詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一

17、段時間的動作。瞬間動詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一段時間的動作。如如come, go, leave, start, begin, buy, become, die等等而持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作。而持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作。如如work, stay, live, learn 等等表示表示“曾到過某地曾到過某地”表示表示“已去某地已去某地”表示表示“在某地待了一段時間在某地待了一段時間”(3) He _Shanghai for 2 days . has been in Tell the following sentences true or false. (1)I have bought

18、 the book for a week. ( ) (2)I have had the book for a week. ( ) FT 第一句動詞第一句動詞buy 屬于瞬間動詞，瞬間動詞不能屬于瞬間動詞，瞬間動詞不能與與“for + 時間段時間段”、“since + 時間點或從句時間點或從句”連用，連用，如果要用，必須將瞬間動詞改成持續(xù)性動詞。如果要用，必須將瞬間動詞改成持續(xù)性動詞。leave die buy put on borrowjoin close catch a cold go outfinish/end arrive here begin/start becomebe awaybe

19、 dead have wearkeepbe a/anbe inbe closedhave a coldbe outbe overbe herebe on3）since引導的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞通常引導的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞通常用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。We_(stay) in this school since we _ (come) to the city.have stayedcame4）句型：）句型：It is/has +時間段時間段+ since 瞬間動詞瞬間動詞過去式，過去式， 意為意為“自從自從多長時間了多長時間了”It is six we

20、eks since they came here.We have had the books for two years . It _the books .is/has been 2years since we bought 八、過去完成時八、過去完成時 (The Past Perfect Tense)1、用法：、用法： 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，可以用五個字簡單概括為成了的動作，可以用五個字簡單概括為“過去的過過去的過去去”。(1)By last night we_ (get) everything ready for the

21、 party. (2) Before he joined NBA, Yao Ming_ (play) for a basketball team in Shanghai for several years. had gothad playedwill goHe said he _ （not,speak） at the meeting the next day. speak is spokenwere foundmust be doneActive Voice 主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)Passive Voice被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1.English _ by many people.2.The dinosa

22、ur eggs _ in Liaoning.3. Something _ to stop the pollution.判斷下列各句屬于那種語態(tài)：判斷下列各句屬于那種語態(tài)：1. Many people speak English.2. The bike was mended yesterday.3. The flowers smell sweet.4. The trees were watered by us just now.5. He teaches English in our school.6. The house was built in 1949.7. The work must b

23、e finished in two days.8. School begins in September.一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的主動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)一般過去時的被動態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)一般過一般過 現(xiàn)在進現(xiàn)在進過去進過去進一般將一般將過去將過去將現(xiàn)在完現(xiàn)在完過去完過去完V/V esbe (am/is/are)+V-ingV-ed/不規(guī)則不規(guī)

24、則be(was/were)+V-ingwill/be going to+Vwould/ be going to+Vhave/has+ V pphad+ V ppam/is/are+V ppwas/were+ V ppam/is/are+being+ V ppwas/were+being+ V ppwill/be going to+be+ V ppwould/ be going to+be+ V pphave/has+been+ V pphad+been+ V pp用所給動詞的被動語態(tài)填空用所給動詞的被動語態(tài)填空1.Trees _(water) by them every day. 2.Math

25、s _(teach) in our school.3.His bike _ (buy) two years ago.4.The match _ (win) by our team yesterday.5.The work _ (finish) in a few days.6.They _ (tell) to come on time last night.7.All the windows _(close) already.8.The station _ (build) now.are wateredis taughtwas boughtwas wonwill be finishedwere

26、toldhave been closedis being built用所給動詞的適當形式填空用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.We can _(finish) my homework on time.2.The work can _ (finish) in two days.3.Tom wasnt able to _ (have) chicks.4.Polly must _ (take) care of by Ling Feng.5.She may _(teach) by her mother.6.The book has to _（write）in English. finishbe finish

27、edhavebe takenbe taughtbe written被動語態(tài)的用法：被動語態(tài)的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，不用行者是誰，不用by動作執(zhí)行者短語動作執(zhí)行者短語 I havent been told about it . 這些書是為兒童寫的。這些書是為兒童寫的。These books are written for children.沒有人告訴我這件事沒有人告訴我這件事（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者，這時應用）強調(diào)動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。短語。 (通常用在時間狀語的前面通常用在時間狀語的前面)Its said / believed

28、/ reported / + that The cup was broken by David yesterday.（3）作客觀說明時，常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型）作客觀說明時，常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this accident. 據(jù)報道，這次事故中大約有三百人死亡。據(jù)報道，這次事故中大約有三百人死亡。 4. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：（2）判斷時態(tài)判斷時態(tài) （動詞改為對應時態(tài)的被動形式）（動詞改為對應時態(tài)的被動形式）（1）找賓語找賓語 （把原句中的賓

29、語變?yōu)橹髡Z）（把原句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z）被動語態(tài)?？疾榈膸追N類型被動語態(tài)?？疾榈膸追N類型（1 1）含雙賓語的（直接賓語，間接賓語）含雙賓語的（直接賓語，間接賓語）He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 物做主語人前加物做主語人前加to/forto/for（2）主動態(tài)中省略了）主動態(tài)中省略了to的不定式動詞短語的不定式動詞短語I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building

30、.英語中有英語中有“十大動詞十大動詞”的說法，即的說法，即feel , feel , hear , listen to , look , watch , see , hear , listen to , look , watch , see , noticenotice have , make , let , have , make , let , ，這些詞在主，這些詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加toto，但變被，但變被動句時必須加動句時必須加to. to. （3 3）含有短語的）含有短語的不能去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞不能去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞I tu

31、rned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me). 6. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況1）當主動結構中的賓語是反身代詞和相）當主動結構中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞時，不能改為被動語態(tài)。互代詞時，不能改為被動語態(tài)。2）當謂語是不及物動詞時（如）當謂語是不及物動詞時（如happen , take place ）The accident happened at night .We often help each other. I hurt myself yesterday .1.The Chinese built the Gre

32、at Wall 2,000 years ago.The Great Wall was built by the 2000 years ago.More trees must be planted next year.Big ships are produced in Dalian.Rice is harvested in autumn.Our classroom should be cleaned every day.5.We should clean our classroom every day.4.Farmers harvest rice in autumn .3.Dalian prod

33、uces big ships.2. We must plant more trees next year.1.They heard him say good-bye to his teacher after class. He _ good-bye to his teacher after class.2.They could make him do the work just now. He _ the work just now.3.His teacher notices him play a computer. He _ a computer.was heard to saycan be

34、 made to do is noticed to play1. His mother bought him a bike yesterday. He _ a bike by his mother yesterday. A bike _ him by his mother yesterday. 2. I saw the girl drawing in class. The girl _ in class. 3. He has to lend me a pen. I _ a pen by him. A pen _ me by him.was bought was bought for was s

35、een drawing have to be lent has to be lent to 4. They take good care of the children every Sunday. The children _.5. Who made it ? _ _ it _ by ?= By _ _ it _ ? are taken good care of by them Who wasmadewhommade was擴展精練擴展精練: 1. The computer _ in Japan in 2003 and I have had it for only a week .A. was made B. can be made C. is made D. made 2. Most of the work in our office _