八年級下冊英語語法筆記

1、八年級下冊英語語法筆記Unit 1語法本單元主要學習將來時態(tài)的表達1 將來時態(tài)：表示將要在將來的時間里發(fā)生的動作。主要的時間狀語有in the future , tomorrow， the day after tomorrow, next day(month, year), in +段時間表示的將來時間，如：in ten years, in two weeks等.將來時的肯定構(gòu)成：主語+will+V原+其他 I will go to Beijing tomorrow.將來時的否定構(gòu)成：主語+will+not (wont )+V原+其他 I wont go to Beijing tomorrow

2、.將來時的疑問構(gòu)成：Will +主語+V原+其他？Will you go to Beijing tomorrow? Yes, I will. No, I wont.在英語中也可以用另外一種句子表示將來時肯定構(gòu)成：主語+be going to + V原+其他. I am going to Beijing tomorrow.否定構(gòu)成：主語+be going to + V原+其他. I am not going to Beijing tomorrow.疑問構(gòu)成：Be+主語+ going to + V原+其他?Are you going to Beijing? Yes, I am No, I am n

3、ot.兩者的區(qū)別主要是：1）be going to 表示有某種暗示 Eg:It is going to rain.(通過看天氣或云而判斷出來的。) 2）be going to 有計劃性，有某種打算 I am going to be a teacher.除了以上之外，will 和 be going to 可以通用。2 There be 句型表示“有”，have 也表示“有”， 那么“將要有”的表達如下： There is going to be there will be 主語（必須是人做主語）+will have 主語（必須是人做主語）+ be going to haveThere is go

4、ing to be a sports meeting next week.= There will be a sports meeting next week.I will have a new toy car. = I am going to have a toy car.沒有there is going to have , there will have 的表達。3.不定代詞：表示沒有具體指代的人或物。 表示物的不定代詞 everything, something, anything, nothing不定代詞 表示人的不定代詞everybody(everyone),somebody(som

5、e one),anybody(any one),nobody(no one) 注意：所有的不定代詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。Everyone stays (stay) at home.4.a little, little, a few, few的區(qū)別及用法 a little 一點 a few 后面必須加不可數(shù)名詞 后面必須加不可數(shù)名詞 little 幾乎沒有 a littleeg: He is new, so he has few friends.eg: I am so thirsty, but there is little water in the glass.little less l

6、east fewfewerfewest5.free 自由的 adj I will be free tomorrow. 免費的 adj Everything is free, you neednt take money. n. freedom 自由6.polution污染n.（不可數(shù)名詞）There is much pollution in the city.7. agree : v 同意 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. agree disagree= dont agree 在Section A 中必須掌握的短語 there will be 將要有in

7、 peoples homes 在人們的家里study at home on computers 在家通過電腦學習be free 免費 live to be 活到in 100 years 一百年以后less pollution 更少的污染big and crowded 大而擁擠more tall buildings 更多的高大建筑物8alone, lonely alone, 獨自一人 強調(diào)一個人 lonely, 孤獨的；寂寞的 強調(diào)內(nèi)心的孤獨，寂寞 I live alone, but I dont feel lonely.9. keep: v. 飼養(yǎng) I like keeping pets. v

8、. 使某人 keep (sb.) doing sth I keep him waiting. 保持 keep sth + adj Please keep the room clean. Keep quiet.10. can / be able to 區(qū)別 共同點：含義相同 能夠不同點： can 是情態(tài)動詞，只有一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和過去時態(tài) be able to 可用于各種時態(tài)，be動詞隨主語的不同要做相應(yīng)的變化。 He can play soccer.= He is able to play soccer.11. need: 雙重身份的動詞 1）情態(tài)動詞+V原 I need a new bike.

9、2） 行為動詞 need to do sth I need to buy a new bike.12. Predicting the future can be difficult. Predicting 在這里是動名詞做主語。動名詞雖然是名詞，但是也具有動詞性質(zhì)，表示動作，但是名詞就沒有動作性質(zhì)。 predict v 預(yù)測 n. prediction n. 預(yù)測，預(yù)言13One of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)+其他 .的之一He is one of the best students. 他是最好的學生之一。14be used by 被用于. The bike is used by riding

10、.15see sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事 I see him playing soccer. see sb do sth 看見某人做了某事 I saw him play soccer.在Section B 中必須掌握的短語fell in love with 愛上as a reporter 作為一個記者living alone 獨自一人居住on the weekend 在周末one day 一天World Cup 世界杯for fun 為了娛樂from now 從現(xiàn)在work for sb 為某人工作job interview 工作面試fly to 飛向come true 實現(xiàn)

11、16. help: help sb do sth =help sb with doing sth =help sb with sth He helps me clean the room.=He helps me with cleaning the room.17. such so 表示“如此”時的區(qū)別 such aan + adj. + 單數(shù)名詞 He is such a clever boy. so +adj.+aan +單數(shù)名詞 = He is so clever a boy.18.try try to do sth 努力做某事 I try to listen him carefully

12、. try doing 嘗試做某事 try ones best to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事 I try my best to help her. 我盡我最大努力幫助她。19 the same .as 同 一樣 He has the same pen as me. (注意same前面的the 永遠不可以丟掉。)20 make v make sb do sth 使某人做某事 Playing games make me be happy. make sb +adj 使某人. = Playing games make me happy.21.It is +adj for sb. to d

13、o sth. 對于某人來說做某事是 adj. It is important for us to be healthy. It is easy for a child to wake up.22.seem: v. 似乎 1） seem to do sth He seems to be wrong. 2) It seems(seemed) that +. It seems that he is wrong.23. over and over again 再三地 They do simple jobs over and over again.Unit2語法本單元主要學習表示建議的句子1 shoul

14、d 情態(tài)動詞 肯定形式：主語+should +動詞原形 否定形式：主語+should +not+動詞原形 疑問形式：Should +主語+動詞原形？Yes, 主語+should. No, 主語+shouldnt.2. want: want to do sth. want sb.to do sth want +n.3.enough: adj. 足夠的enough+n.或 n.+enough I have enough money.= I have money enough. adv. 足夠地 adj.+ enough (切記enough 修飾形容詞只能放在后面) He is old enough

15、.enough +n. to do sth / adj+enough to do sthEg:I have enough books to read. He is old enough to go to school.4.argue v. 爭吵 argue with sb. 和某人爭吵 He always argues with his friends. argue about sth 爭吵某事 They are arguing about the math test. n. argument They had a big argument.5. out of style 過時的 = old-

16、fashioned My clothes are out of style. 不過時的 in style 6. Whats wrong? 怎么了？=Whats the matter?=Whats the trouble?7. write him a letter 給他寫一封信 = write a letter to him8. call sb up 給某人打電話 Please call me up when you are free. call sb at+電話號碼 Please call her at 88171858.9. give him a ticket to a ball game

17、給他一張球賽的票 注意這里的介詞用to, 類似的搭配還有:the answer to the question, the key to the door.10.surprise: n.驚訝 to ones surprise 使某人驚訝的是 To my surprise ,he passed the math test. in surprise 驚訝地 He looked at me in surprise. v. surprise at sth 對感到驚訝 He surprised at the toy car. surprise sb 使某人驚訝 I dont want to surpris

18、e him. adj. surprising(主語是物) / surprised （主語是人）11talk about sth 談?wù)撃呈?talk towith sb. 和某人談話12. 1)pay for 支付；花費（金錢） 主語必須是人 spend .(in) doing sth 2)spend:花費（時間或金錢） 主語必須是人 spend .on sth 3)cost: 花費（時間或金錢）主語必須是物 4)take: 花費（時間或金錢） 只能用it 做主語，公式是：It takes(took) sb. some time(money) to do sth.用口訣記住四個表示“花費”的單詞

19、： 2人1物1 it.I paid ten yuan for the book.I spent ten yuan in buying the book. I spent ten yuan on the book我花10元錢買了這本書。The book cost me ten yuan.It took me ten yuan to buy the book.13.borrow sth.from sb. 從某人借某物（強調(diào)主語向里面借）He borrowed the book from his friend. lend sth to sb. 向某人借某物（強調(diào)主語向外面借） He lended t

20、he book to his friend.14. either: 也，放在否定句的末尾，用逗號隔開。 He doesnt have any money, either. 任一的，當either 做主語時動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Either of the answer is right.15.ask: 1) 要 ask sb. for sth .向某人要某物 He asked his parents for the money. 2）問 ask the questions 問問題 ask the teacher 問老師 ask sb about sth 問某人關(guān)于某事 He asked me som

21、e questions about the vacation. 3）讓 ask sb to do sth 讓某人做某事 He asks me to clean the room. ask sb not to do sth 讓某人不做某事 He asks me not to clean the room.16. buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 給某人買東西（注意介詞是for 不是to） He bought me a gift.= He bought a gift to me.在Section A 中必須掌握的短語：1）want me to stay at home 想要我呆在

22、家里2）play too loud 放 太大聲3）argue with sb 同某人爭吵4) out of style 過時 5）write him a letter 給他寫一封信6）call sb up 給某人打電話7）go to his house 去他的家8）give him a ticket to a ball game 給他一張球賽的票9）talk about it on the phone 通過電話談?wù)撍?0）pay for 支付11）part/full-time job 兼職/全職工作12）ask for 要.13）get a tutor to come to his home.

23、 找一個家教來他的家17than 是比較級的標志，請參考8上U6.He is taller than me.(tall)18. tell: 告訴 tell sb about sth 告訴某人關(guān)于某物 He told me about the Chinese history. tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事 He told me to clean the classroom. tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 He told me not to clean the classroom.19 invite: v.邀請 invite sb to do

24、 sth 邀請某人做某事 He invited me to join the English club. n. 邀請 invitation I received his invitation.20.excetp :除了 I have read all the story book that you lended to me except this one.21.I dont know what I should do. 賓語從句主語 謂語 賓語從句注意：當主句的主語(賓語)和賓語從句的主語相同時可以改寫為簡單句：I dont know what to do. （將賓語從句變?yōu)椋?特殊疑問詞+

25、動詞不定式就變成簡單句）Eg:1) Please tell me when I should leave.= Please tell me when to leave. 2）I dont know how I go to Shanghai.= I dont know how to go to Shanghai.22. leave : leave 離開 I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 留下忘記 I left the book at homework.當leave表示忘記時不同于forget. leave表示忘記的是東西，forget 表示忘記的是事情。Eg:

26、 I leave the keys in the car. I forgot to lock the door.23. be angry with sb 和某人生氣 I am angry with my best friend. be angry at sth 和某事生氣 I am angry at my math test.24.fight v fight with sb 和某人打架 n. have a fight with sb. 和某人打架 I always fight with my sister.= I always have a fight with my sister.25. g

27、et on 相處 get on with sb. 和某人相處 get on well with sb. 和某人相處融洽26. Could you please do sth? 注意：please 后面的動詞要用原形。 Could you please give me some water?27. advice : 建議 不可數(shù)名詞 Please give me some advice.在Section B及閱讀中必須掌握的短語：1)in style 時尚 2）find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)3）the same age as me 和我一樣的年紀 4）get on well 相處融洽5）have a f

28、ight with sb 和某人打架6）talk about 談?wù)?）say to sb 對某人說.8）angry with me 和某人9）as much as possible 盡可能10) complain about 抱怨11)take part in 參加12）know about 了解13）comparewith 比較14）on the one hand.on the other hand 一方面.在另一方面Unit 3語法本單元主要學習過去進行時的表達1 過去進行時態(tài)：表示在過去的時間里正在發(fā)生的動作。過去進行時的時間狀語：at 7 oclock yesterday, 由when

29、或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。過去進行時的肯定構(gòu)成：主語+ waswere+ Ving +其他. 否定構(gòu)成：主語+waswere+not+Ving+其他 疑問構(gòu)成：WereWas +主語+Ving+其他？ Yes, 主語+waswere. No, 主語+wasntwerent.2 when和while都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語用在過去進行時態(tài)的句子，兩者的區(qū)別是：1) when +過去時，主句+過去進行時。Eg: When the UFO landed, I was reading the book. 當不明飛行物著陸時，我正在讀書。 When 翻譯為“當時候”表示在landed的瞬間,另一個動作rea

30、ding正在進行。上面的句子=I was reading when the UFO landed. 我正在讀書，正在這時，UFO著陸了。這里when翻譯為正在這時，表示在reading時，另一個動作發(fā)生 While +過去進行時，主句+過去時。 While I was reading , the UFO landed. while翻譯為正在這時，表示在reading時，另一個動作發(fā)生.2)when 既可以接延續(xù)性動詞，也可以接非延續(xù)性動詞。 while 只能接延續(xù)性動詞。I was reading when the UFO landed.= I was reading while the UF

31、O landed.3. arrive in +大地點 arrive at +小地點 get to +地點 到達某地 reach+地點4follow sb.to do sth. 跟著某人做某事 I follow him to enter the classroom. follow sb around 到處跟著某人 Please dont follow me around.在Section A必須掌握的短語：1)sleep late 睡懶覺 2）get out of 從出來3) talk on the phone 通過電話談 4）cut hair 剪頭發(fā)5）Museum of Flight 飛行博

32、物館6）go into a store 進入一個商店7）walk down 沿著走8）take off 起飛9）unusual experience 不尋常的經(jīng)歷10) land right 正好著陸5shout at sb 對某人大喊 表示不禮貌的喊叫 Dont shout at me. shout to sb 對某人大喊 表示希望對方聽見而大喊 I shout to the drive, but the drive cant hear. 6. in the tree 在樹上（外來的用in） The cat is in the tree.on the tree 在樹上（外來的用on） Lea

33、ve are on the tree.7. think about 考慮 think about doing sth 考慮做某事 He thought about going to Canada.8. say to sb 對某人說 He said to me that he was wrong. 在Section B及閱讀中必須掌握的短語：1）take a photo 照相2）walk to school 走向?qū)W校3）get out of 從出來4）run away 跑開5）think about 考慮.6）in silence 沉默7）take place 發(fā)生8）all over the

34、world 全世界Unit 4語法本單元主要學習直接引語和間接引語1.我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式：直接引語和間接引語直接引述別人的話語，并置于引號之內(nèi)的句子稱為直接引語。用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語，稱為間接引語，間接一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。 . Eg:The teacher asked, “Do you like English? “老師問：“你喜歡英語嗎？”（直接引語）    The girl said that she liked English very much. 女孩說她非常喜歡英語。（間接引語）2.直接引語變間接引語的變化形式 基本形式是

35、：人稱變，時態(tài)變，時間狀語變。人稱變口訣：1隨主，2看賓，3不變時態(tài)變：引述動詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。    引述動詞如果用一般過去時，間接引語的時態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)的一種。時態(tài)具體變化如下：    一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時             一般過去時過去完成時    現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時     &#

36、160;       現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時    一般將來時過去將來時 過去進行時不變cancould時間狀語的變化    now then                            &#

37、160; last month the month before    today that day                        three days ago three days before    tonight that night   

38、;                 tomorrow the next day     this week that week                   next month the next month

39、60;   yesterday the day before              the day after tomorrow in two days3.注意如果出項以下詞也要有相應(yīng)的變化：地點狀語的變化   here there指示代詞的變化this that these those謂語動詞的變化   come go 4.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的情況   1).

40、 直接引語為陳述句  (1) 將直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，接在謂語動詞之后(that 可以省略。)例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”    He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.    他說她前一天忘記給我打電話了。    (2) 如果引述動詞是say to sb.,則通常改為tell sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：  &#

41、160; He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她對我說：“你的自行車壞了。”    He told me that my bike was broken. 他對我說我的自行車壞了。    2). 直接引語為一般疑問句    直接引語為一般疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f /whether+陳述句 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中時態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。若直接引語的引述動詞為say ，應(yīng)改為ask. 例如：    Mar

42、y asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 瑪麗問我，“凱倫時美國人嗎？”    Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 瑪麗問我海倫是否時美國人。    3).直接引語為特殊疑問句     直接引語為特殊疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡柧?陳述語序的賓語從句。例如：    John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun co

43、me from?”    John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 約翰問我周迅時哪兒的人。   4).直接引語如果是祈使句其結(jié)構(gòu)是：肯定句：askordertell sb. to do sth. 否定句：askordertell sb. not to do sth. He said: “ Open the door. He asked me to open the door. He said: “ Dont open the door.” He asked me not to open the

44、door. 5).如果直接引語是客觀事實：不變 He said: “The sun is bigger than the moon.” He said the sun is bigger than the moon.在Section A必須掌握的短語：1)happen on sth 在某事上發(fā)生 2）have a surprise party 有一個驚喜的晚會3）on Friday night 在周五的晚上4）come to my house to study 來我家學習5）be mad at sb=be angry with sb 對某人生氣6）first of all 首先7）pass o

45、n the passage 傳遞信息8）be supposed to do sth 應(yīng)該做某事本單元涉及到的語法：1 be good at =do well in 在某方面擅長 Eg: I am good at English.=I do well in English.be better at= do better in2.be sorry to do sth 抱歉，遺憾做某事 I am sorry to hear you are ill.3.finish: v. finish doing sth 完成做某事 He finished reading the English book.4.su

46、rprise: v be surprised to do sth 很驚訝做某事 I am surprised to hear the good news. be surprised at sth 在某事上驚訝 n. to ones surprise 使某人驚訝的是 To my surprise ,he passed the math test. adj. surprised 主語是人 surprising 主語是物5.be mad at sb = be angry with sb 和某人生氣 Dont be mad at me. 不要和我生氣。在Section B和閱讀中必須掌握的短語：1）e

47、nd-of-year exam 期末考試2）report card 成績單3）get nervous 緊張4）have a big fight 打架5）copy my homework 抄襲我的作業(yè)6）be sure 確信7）get over it 克服它8）sound like fun聽起來好9) ones own sth 某人自己的東西10）open up ones eyes to the outside 打開外面的視野6.be sorry to do sth 很抱歉，遺憾做某事 I am sorry to hear you have a cold.Unit5語法本單元學習條件狀語從句1.

48、 條件狀語從句：結(jié)構(gòu)： If+一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，將來時態(tài) 或 將來時態(tài)+if+一般現(xiàn)在時。 If it doesnt rain, I will go shopping.=I will go shopping if it doesnt rain.2. happen: 1)當“發(fā)生”含義時主語只能是物，不能是人。 This happened in 1988. 2)表示某人發(fā)生了什么事用 happen to sb A car accident happened to LiMing. 3) happen是不及物動詞 London happened this story. (錯) This story ha

49、ppened in London.(對) 4）當表示“碰巧”的含義時，主語可以是人。 公式是Sb happenshappened to do sth 主語碰巧做某事=It happenshappened thatEg:He happened to meet his old friends.= It happened that he met his friends.3.help: v.1) help sb do sth 幫助某人做某事 He helped me study better. 2) help sb with sth 在某方面幫助某人 He helped me with math. 3

50、) help sb with doing sth He helped me with studying math. 4) cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事 He cant help crying. n. 不可數(shù) I need your help.4. When is a good time to do sth? 什么時候是做某事的好時間? When is a good time to have a party?5. the rules for 的規(guī)定 I want you to remember the rules for school parties.6. let sb

51、in 讓某人進入 Let sb out 讓某人出去 If you do that , the teacher wont let you in.7. ask: ask sb to do sth 讓某人做某事 The teachers will ask them to leave. ask sb not to do sth 讓某人不做某事 The teacher will ask them not to leave.8. havehas to do sth 不得不做某事 I have to finish the work.9. Me too. 我也是. 也可以用 So+助動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞/ be

52、動詞 +主語 也是表達某人也如此的含義 Eg： Tom studies well, so did LiMing. Tom學習好，李明也如此。 She will fly to Shanghai, so will my teacher. Mary is a good girl, so is Jenny.10.Why not do sth? 為什么不做某事？ Why not have lunch? 為什么不吃午餐呢？一定是動詞原形在Section A必須掌握的短語：1) have a great/good/nice/wonderful time 玩得高興 =have fun = enjoy ones

53、elf 2) at the party      在晚會上 3) end of year party 年終晚會 4） take away拿走，取走 5）all the time=always一直，始終，總是 6）ID card 身份證 7）the rules for .的規(guī)定8）the old peoples home 老年之家 11.be able to do sth 能夠做某事 I am able to make a kite.12.make a living( by) doing sth 通過某種方式謀生 He mak

54、es a living by sell the newspaper. 他通過賣報紙謀生。13.get be injured 受傷 I fall down from the tree, I was injured.14.decide: decide to do sth = make up ones mind to do sth = make a decision to do sth decide on sth 在Section B必須掌握的短語：1） make money 賺錢 2）round the world = all over the world 全世界，世界各地 3） go to co

55、llege上大學 4）work hard 努力工作（學習） 5）a professional athlete 職業(yè)運動員 6） a dream job 理想的職業(yè) 7）make a living謀生 8）play sports 進行體育運動 = get/do exercise 9）get injured 受傷 10）in fact事實上，實際上 11）mobile phone 移動電話 12）too much 太多 13）laugh at嘲笑，因而發(fā)笑 Unit6語法本單元主要學習現(xiàn)在完成進行時1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行：表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，這動作可能仍在進行，也可能已停止。其肯定結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+havehas been doing sth否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+havehas +not+been doing sth疑問結(jié)構(gòu)是：HaveHas +主語+been doing sth? Yes, 主語+havehas. No，主語+havehas+not.如：It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以來就一直在下雨。Hes been watching television all day. 他看了一天電視了。在Section A必須掌握的短語：1）how l