高中階段延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法大全

1、延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動詞 一.延續(xù)性動詞表示行為或過程能持久繼續(xù)下去或能產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如contain, have, hold, lie, live, make, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, wear, work等。也包括表示狀態(tài)感情思維類的，如believe, consider, hate, hope, know, like, love, respect, think, understand, wish等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用?？梢院汀岸螘r間”狀語連用表示“段時間”短語,如for +段時間(for 2 years, fo

2、r a long time ,for the spring,)；since從句(since he came here)或since+點時間(since last year, since 5 days ago, since leaving school)；how long; always；all day long；until April 等。This book has been lying on the desk for a week.這本書已經(jīng)在桌子上放一個星期了。(錯This book has been put on the desk for a week. 其中put on是瞬間動詞)Me

3、n wear suits when they attend meetings.男人在開會時穿西裝。(錯Men put on suits when they attend meetings.其中put on是瞬間動詞)She has worked hard for a year.她一年來一直努力工作。(錯She has worked hard a year ago. 其中a year ago是點時間)不能和“點時間”狀語連用如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間動作,可以借助come, begin, get等非延續(xù)性動詞來表示。It began to rain at eight yesterday morn

4、ing.昨早8點開始下雨了。(錯It rained at eight yesterday morning. 其中rain為延續(xù)性動詞,而at eight表示“點時間”,前后顯然矛盾)When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.你什么時候認(rèn)識杰克的？兩年前。(when可接段時間也可以接點時間)How did you come to know it?你怎么知道這件事的？After lunch it began to rain.午飯后天下起雨來。I can't get used to the wet weather.我不能習(xí)慣于這潮濕的天氣?？?/p>

5、用于各種時態(tài),表示動作延續(xù)We will stay in Dalian for the whole summer.我們一夏天將留在大連(一般時)What are you doing? I'm doing some dishes. 你在干什么？我在洗碗(進(jìn)行時)They have been watching TV for the whole evening. 他們整晚上一直在看電視(完成進(jìn)行時)表示狀態(tài)思維感情等延續(xù)性動詞，一般不可用于進(jìn)行時。I like his ideas.我喜歡他的主意。(錯I'm liking his ideas)I understoo

6、d what he said.我理解他說的話。(錯I was understanding what he said.)表示狀態(tài)感情思維動詞如用進(jìn)行時則不表示正在“進(jìn)行”,而表示有三種情況：(一是即將發(fā)生的動作；二是感情和強調(diào)情況的暫時性；三是一時的表現(xiàn))：She is having a holiday next Sunday.她下個星期天度假(即將動作)How are you feeling today?你今天感覺怎樣？(親切感情)You are being a good child today.你今天是個乖孩子(一時表現(xiàn))二.非延續(xù)性動詞也稱瞬間動詞、終止性動詞、一時性動詞，表示動作發(fā)生后立

7、即結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)。如close, open, come, go, sell, buy, borrow, lend, return, put on, take off, begin, start, finish, break, stop, arrive, leave, move, die, lose, give, answer, ask, add, admit, attack, bring, catch, discover, fall, marry, receive, post, find, take away, set out, happen, renew, go away, shut, hi

8、t, jump等。非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用?？隙ň渲兄慌c“點時間”狀語連用two years ago; yesterday, last week, at five o'clock, in the winter, in 2000, today, tomorrow等。He went away a long time ago.他已走了很長時間了。(錯He went away for a long time. 其go away是非延續(xù)性動作)He died 5 years ago. 他死了五年了。(錯He has died for 5 years.可以改成：He

9、has been dead for5 years./ / It is 5 years since he died./ 5 years has passed since he died. )否定句中可與“段時間”連用（即動作沒有發(fā)生的否定狀態(tài)是可以延續(xù)的）I haven't left here for 3 years. 我三年沒離開這里了。When did she get to know my e-mail address? 她何時知道我e-mail地址？I didn't open the window for a week.我一個星期沒開窗了。(錯

10、I opened the window for a week.)He didn't arrive until the film had begun.他直到電影開始才到。(錯He arrived until the film had begun.)可與表示籠統(tǒng)時間狀語連用I have just bought a new skirt.我剛剛買了一條新裙子。(just時間籠統(tǒng))He has come to study Chinese.他來學(xué)漢語。The train has arrived.火車到了。(時間籠統(tǒng))Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小

11、組了嗎？(時間籠統(tǒng))不與how long連用(只限于肯定式)How long can I borrow the car? 車子我可以借多久? (錯,其中borrow為瞬間動詞)。修正如下：How long can I keep the car?How long have you come here?你來這多久了？(錯,其中come為瞬間動詞) 。修正如下：How long have you been here? (使用延續(xù)動詞)When did you come here?(使用when適用延續(xù)或非延續(xù)兩種情況的時間詞)how long is it since you ca

12、me here? (使用since從句)一般不用于進(jìn)行時或完成進(jìn)行時She has put on a hat.她已戴上帽子(錯She has been putting on a hat.)The car has stopped.車已經(jīng)停了(錯The car has been stopping.)用于進(jìn)行時、完成進(jìn)行時，并與“段時間”連用,則表示一個習(xí)慣性或反復(fù)性的動作。用于進(jìn)行時還可以表示一個將來的動作The little boy is jumping up and down for several minutes.小男孩上下跳了好幾分鐘(反復(fù)性動作)I have met him e

13、very day on the same bus for a year.這一年我在同一輛公交車上每天遇見他(習(xí)慣性動作)The train is leaving/ arriving火車就要出站/進(jìn)站了。The spring is coming.春天就要來了。We're going home.我們要回家了。    三延續(xù)與非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換的五種方法將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞：arrive herebe herearrive in/ atbe in/at/ stay (in)becomebebegin to know (study)know

14、 (study)begin(start)be on(放影,開演)begin/ start to dodoborrow/ lendkeep                               breakbe brokenbuy/gethave(買)catch/ get a coldh

15、ave a cold                  closebe closedcome backbe backcome herebe here                      

16、0;  come outbe outcome to (the island) be on (the island)come to workworkcome tobe in/ on/ atcomebediebe dead/ be gone                            

17、0; dressbe dressedfall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/ sick/ asleep finish/ end/ completebe over (be through)get backbe back                   get herebe hereget married/ marrybe marriedget readybe readyg

18、et to do (逐漸) doget to knowknowget tobe (in) / stay (in)get upbe upgo/get (out)be out     go backbe backgo therebe therego to bedbe in bed    go to schoolbe in school/ be a studentgo tobe in/ atgo to townbe in towngo waybe away     

19、60;                   go/get to sleepbe asleep/ sleep hear from/ receive a letter from/ get a letter from have a letter fromjoinbe in+組織機構(gòu)/ be a member of+組織機構(gòu)join the armybe a sodierbe in the armyjoi

20、n the partybe a party memberbe in the partyleavebe away (from)                        leaveforbe offtolosebe lost/ be gone/ be missing       

21、0;                      become friendsmake friendslose the jobbe out of the jobmove tobe in/ at (地點)/ live inmovebe out of/ be awauopen sth.keep sth. open      

22、            openbe open (adj.)put onwear/ be onreach herebe herereachbe in (at) / stay (in)returnbe backsellbe gonesendto    (寄)sit downbe seatedstart/ leave be away(出發(fā))stopbe/ be overturn on/ offbe on/ offwakebe awake將非延續(xù)性轉(zhuǎn)換

23、為延續(xù)性動詞The old man has been dead for 4 years. 那個老人死了四年了。He has been in the Party for 2 years. 他入黨兩年了。將“段時間”狀語改為表示過去的“段時間+ago”的點時間狀語The old man died 4 years ago. 那個老人死了四年了。He joined the Party 2 years ago.  他入黨兩年了。用句型“It is + 段時間 + since時間狀語從句(用一般過去時)”It is 4 years since the ol

24、d man died. 那個老人死了四年了。It is 2 years since he joined the Party. 他入黨兩年了。用句型“It has been + 段時間 + since時間狀語從句(用一般過去時)”It has been 4 years since the old man died. 那個老人死了四年了。It has been 2 years since he joined the Party. 他入黨兩年了。用句型“段時間+has passed + since時間狀語從句(用一般過去時)”Four years has pa

25、ssed since the old man died.那個老人死了四年了。2 years has passed since he joined the Party. 他入黨兩年了。 四since從句中兩種時態(tài)的不同含義since從句用非延續(xù)性動詞過去時，從句表示的時間是“從那一時刻起”：Brown has made quite a few Chinese friends since he came to China. 布朗自從來中國后已交了相當(dāng)多中國朋友

26、。since從句中用延續(xù)性動詞過去時，從句表示的時間是“從那延續(xù)性動詞動作結(jié)束時算起”：Its three weeks since my aunt stayed here. =My aunt hasnt stayed here for three weeks.  我阿姨不在這兒已有三周了。Its 4 years since Mr. Li smoked. 李先生戒煙已有

27、四年了。I havent heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.  自從我離開上海以來，一直沒有收到他的來信。since從句中用延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時，與其一般過去時含義就完全相反了：I have been at school since I have been ill.  我生病以來一直在學(xué)校里。I have be

28、en at school since I was ill.  我病愈以來一直在學(xué)校里。五for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語在翻譯時有兩種不同情況for引導(dǎo)時間狀語和延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時否定式連用時，有兩種不同含義：He has not lived there for six months. 他不住在那兒已六個月了。（或他住在那兒還不到六個月。）for引導(dǎo)時間狀語和非延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時否定式連用，只有一種含義：Mary has not left here for six months. 瑪麗已六個月沒有離開過

29、這兒了。六延續(xù)與非延續(xù)性動詞與until/till用法肯定形式表示“做某事直至某時”,須是延續(xù)性動詞。否定形式表示“直至某時才做某事”，使用延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞都可。如果主句中謂語動詞是終止性動詞，則只能用否定式?？隙ㄐ问?A until / till B)：表示A一直延續(xù)到B的發(fā)生；B一開始則A就停止；B不開始則A不停止：I will stay until my parents come back. 我將呆在家里直到我父母回來。言外之意是，我父母不回來，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回來后我就離開家。因此又可改為：I will&

30、#160;leave home after my parents come back.  我將在父母回來之后才離家。 I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (錯，marry是非延續(xù)性動詞)否定形式(not A until / till B)：表示A一直停止到B的發(fā)生，B一開始則A就發(fā)生；B不開始則A不發(fā)生：Mr. Smith didnt marry until he was forty- five.史密斯先生到四十五歲才結(jié)婚。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。She did