高中英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)用法詳解 在英語中，不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)需要用動(dòng)詞的不同形式表示出來，動(dòng)詞的這種不同形式就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)按動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間分為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、過去時(shí)態(tài)、將來時(shí)態(tài)一、時(shí)態(tài)的分類和基本構(gòu)成形式現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ does現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/ is/ are doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)did過去完成時(shí)had done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will/ shall do將來完成時(shí)will/shall have

2、done將來進(jìn)行時(shí)shall/ will be doing將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shall/ will have been doing過去將來一般過去將來時(shí)should/ would do二、常見時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是描述現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)。常和表示頻率、時(shí)間的副詞（短語）always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等連用。1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。We have three meals a day.2）表示客觀事實(shí)、真理和自然現(xiàn)象。Knowl

3、edge is power.3）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。I live in Beijing.4）表示已經(jīng)“列入日程”的將來的事件，尤其指計(jì)劃中的和安排好的將來的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞往往表示“出發(fā)，到達(dá)”等含義的詞，如，arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。The train arrives at 10:30. There's plenty of time. ?？键c(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primar

4、y school.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 條件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 賓語從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。So long as he works hard,

5、 I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.考點(diǎn)四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2. 一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)，或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中一般都有表示過去具體時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語。1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day,

6、in1998等。Where did you go yesterday?？2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不符的虛擬語氣。If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.4）句中有延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語，但表示與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的過去某段時(shí)間做了某事，此時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。This is the primary school where our manager Mr. Smith studie

7、d for six years.3. 一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)用來表示將要發(fā)生的事。1）shall用于第一人稱，常被will代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。 will (shall) + 動(dòng)詞原形There is still much to discuss. We shall return to this item at our next meeting.2）be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來。（1）主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do this Sunday morning?（2）計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的事。

8、I'm going to the airport to pick up my aunt from America this afternoon.（3）有跡象要發(fā)生的事。Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.注意：be going to與will的區(qū)別be going to既可指主觀打算做某事，也可指客觀跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事；will往往指沒有經(jīng)過計(jì)劃而臨時(shí)出現(xiàn)的意圖，常伴有說話者的主觀意識(shí)或表示將來必然發(fā)生的事。I'm going to quit my present job. （現(xiàn)在的打算，事先經(jīng)過思考，指

9、向?qū)恚㊣'ll answer the door. （未經(jīng)事先考慮的意圖）The little boy is going to fall over. （根據(jù)客觀跡象判斷）I hope it will be fine tomorrow. （主觀意愿）3）“be + 不定式”表將來，表示按計(jì)劃安排的事或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)或要求必須去做的事等。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow morning.注意：be to 和be going to的用法比較be to表

10、示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客觀安排）be going to則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排）4）“be about to do”意為“馬上做某事”，表示即將發(fā)生某事，該事將發(fā)生在很近的將來，不能與tomorrow, next week等表示明確將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。He is about to leave for Beijing.考點(diǎn)一：一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中：We will

11、begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。）考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。Use your head and you will find a way.4. 過去將來時(shí)：過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。注意：這種時(shí)

12、態(tài)常用于主句是一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中，表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后。過去將來時(shí)同一般將來時(shí)類似，除了用would do 表示外，也可以用be going to do, be to do, be about to do及過去進(jìn)行時(shí)等方式表示。He was sixty-eight and in two years, he would be seventy.You were going to give me your address but you didn't.I was about to turn on the power of the computer when the electri

13、city was cut off.完成體：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)和過去將來完成時(shí)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：常用的時(shí)間狀語有：so far, recently, lately, before, ever, by now, in thelast/ past few years, over a long time, up to now,yet, already, just, since, for+ 一段時(shí)間等。1）表示說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與already, yet, just, by this time,so far, by now等時(shí)間狀語連用。此時(shí)句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞且句

14、子一般不與表示“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語連用。Have you finished your task yet?注意：have gone to與have been to的區(qū)別have gone to 表示“到某地去了”，人可能還在路上，也可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)，但一定不在說話者這里。have been to 表示“去過某地”，是回來之后再談?wù)撊ミ^某地的情況。2）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。He has lost his wallet and can't find it.3）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。They have been good friends sin

15、ce they met at a meeting.4）表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)發(fā)生，句中常用once/ twice/ three. times 等。You needn't describe her. I have met her many times.5）在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間之前要完成某個(gè)動(dòng)作。Don't get off until the bus has stopped.注意：常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型有：1）It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句；2）This/ That/ It is the first/ second. Time + that

16、從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）；3）It/ This is the best/ worst/ most interesting + 名詞 + that從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語問題:A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，比較： We have bought a new typewriter .We bought a new typewriter yesterday.B. 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，但是可以用before來表示"以前"的意義。C.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，通

17、常不與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用,在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用"It has been since"的句式來表達(dá)。如： He has been in the army for three years.= He has been a soldier for three years.= It's three years since he joined the army. He has joined the army for three years. ×.D非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，表示這種動(dòng)作的否定狀態(tài)的延續(xù)。I haven't hear

18、d from you for a month.2. 過去完成時(shí)：由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。在使用過去完成時(shí)時(shí)，一定要有過去的時(shí)間或動(dòng)作作為參照。By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。，并且no sooner 與hardly等位于句首時(shí)，此部分須用部分倒裝。I had no sooner

19、got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝）考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 表示主觀想法的動(dòng)詞，可用于過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖，意為“本來想.”

20、They had wanted to help, but they could not get there in time.3. 將來完成時(shí)：主要用于表示在將來某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作，并對(duì)將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。常與將來時(shí)間狀語連用。We shall have fulfilled the work by the end of next week.考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副

21、詞從句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.進(jìn)行體

22、：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種用法往往表示發(fā)生在過去，說話時(shí)沒完成，仍在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與now, right now, at this moment, atpresent等時(shí)間狀語連用。What are they quarreling about?2）表示現(xiàn)階段某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但說話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行。I'm teaching part-time in a middle school.3）表示馬上就要發(fā)生。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，往往表示“馬上就，即將，逐漸地，反復(fù)地”等意思，這類動(dòng)詞

23、主要有come, go, leave, start,begin, stop, arrive, return等。Are you staying here for a long time?（即將）Someone is knocking at the door. （反復(fù)地）4）表示某種感情色彩或?qū)δ骋恍睦淼纳鷦?dòng)描述?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly, continually, forever (for ever),usually等副詞連用時(shí)，往往表示生氣、不滿、同情、贊美、好奇等情感或?qū)δ骋恍睦淼纳鷦?dòng)描述。The children are constantly disturbing

24、us. （討厭、不滿）注意：下列動(dòng)詞一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。1）表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ove, like, hate, know, understand,realize, remember, believe, want, hope, wish, need,agree等。She understands you better now.2）表示屬性或擁有的動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有have（有），own, possess, belong to,have on, consist of 等。This dictionary belongs to Peter.3）

25、表示感官的連系動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有seen, appear, look, sound, taste等。feel用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一時(shí)的感覺。The music sounds beautiful.I'm not feeling well today.4）表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有accept, admit, receive, allow,decide, promise等。I accept your advice.考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look out when you are crossing the str

26、eet. 考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）。Marry is leaving on Friday2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：1）表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)句中往往有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語then, at thatmoment, at that time, at the time, this time yesterday等。沒有時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，需要根據(jù)上下文的語境體會(huì)。I was writing a letter when you phoned.2）表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常表示“漸漸”“快要”“越來越”“馬上”。常見的此列動(dòng)詞有come, go,

27、start, begin, leave, arrive,get, become, turn等非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，偶爾有些持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如do, stay, take等也常表示過去“將要”。We were running out of the gas.She told me that she was leaving for Italy the next day.3）表示特定的情感。與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可與always,forever, constantly等時(shí)間狀語連用，表示厭煩、驚訝、褒揚(yáng)等特殊情感。She was always ringing me up when I was in Lond

28、on. （表示厭煩）3. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：指從現(xiàn)在算起的將來某時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示將來時(shí)間的短語this time ，tomorrow, at 10 o'clock next Monday等連用。This time tomorrow we'll be flying to Pairs.完成進(jìn)行體1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，由上下文語意決定。1）表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Have you been waiting long for me?

29、 2）表示“剛才，近來”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般不再繼續(xù)。My hands are dirty. I've been cleaning the room.3）表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性。You have been asking the same question these days.注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)多用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, learn,lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等，并常和allthe time, this week, this month, all night, all themorning, recently等狀態(tài)以及since（自從）

30、和for（歷經(jīng)）所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或短語連用（與since和for連用時(shí)，動(dòng)作常會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）。III 幾個(gè)易混時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別1. 一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)是相對(duì)現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)刻而言的，過去完成時(shí)則是相對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻而言，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)過去某一時(shí)間的影響或持續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)間為止。兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同，對(duì)過去完成時(shí)來說，這個(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要，它是過去完成時(shí)概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)，也是和一般過去時(shí)進(jìn)行區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。She looked well when I last saw her. （過去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)）When I got there, the football m

31、atch had already started. （對(duì)過去的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果）The train had waited there for half an hour by the time we arrived. （“過去的過去”動(dòng)作持續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)刻為止）2. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都是談?wù)撘呀?jīng)發(fā)生的事情，但是二者的差別是，一般過去時(shí)只是單獨(dú)談?wù)撨^去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，因此只要有過去時(shí)間狀語的句子只能用過去時(shí)來表達(dá)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，或是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，或是談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里發(fā)生的事情。We bought the fruit and flowers

32、 in the supermarket just now.They haven't seen the teacher today.IV 時(shí)態(tài)的一致問題在英語的復(fù)合句（尤其是賓語從句）中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)往往受主句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的限制或影響，即主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)基本一致。1. 名詞性從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)在一些名詞性從句中，如果主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，則從句的謂語可根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容要求運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)；若主句謂語用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，則從句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。1）主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)淼哪撤N時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句里的動(dòng)詞可按其所涉及的時(shí)間運(yùn)用任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。I think Molly went to

33、 the doctor's yesterday.。2) 主句中的動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但如果從句敘述的是某種真理、不變的事實(shí)或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在或?qū)砣匀挥行У氖虑?，則從句用現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Alva told me that he had known the news already.。in his country children under 18 cannot buy alcohol.2. 狀語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)表示時(shí)間、原因、目的、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等的狀語從句一般要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致，即主句為現(xiàn)在（過去、將來）的某種時(shí)態(tài)，從句一般也為現(xiàn)在（過去、將來）的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Yo

34、u'll make progress if you keep working hard. 。3. 定語從句定語從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)依照動(dòng)詞本身所涉及的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，不受主句的約束和限制。This is the man I saw yesterday. 。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的具體關(guān)系。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。注意：英語中的及物動(dòng)詞一般都有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài)是無標(biāo)記的，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則是有標(biāo)記的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分

35、詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式 be+done被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其變化形式與系動(dòng)詞be的完全一樣。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)："am/ is/ are + 過去分詞"Mary is loved by all her family.2. 一般過去時(shí)："was/ were + 過去分詞"The letter was written in Spanish. 。3. 一般將來時(shí)："will/ shall/ be going to/ be to be + 過去分詞"

36、（shall主要用于第一人稱；will可用于各人稱）When will the work be finished?4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)："am/ is/ are being + 過去分詞"The car accident is being looken into.5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)："was/ were being + 過去分詞"The library was being built last year. I'm not sure if it is completed.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)："have/ has been + 過去分詞"

37、All the work has been finished by now.。7. 過去完成時(shí)："had been + 過去分詞"The fire had been put out when the firefighters arrived.8. 將來完成時(shí)："will/ shall have been + 過去分詞"Will all the photos have been developed by tomorrow?9. 過去將來時(shí)："would/ should be + 過去分詞"The headmaster said he w

38、ould be met by the mayor.二、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常用被動(dòng)句式主語+ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞 +.The computer might be repaired by tomorrow.三、常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式結(jié)構(gòu)1. "get + 過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)英語中"get + 過去分詞"也構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其中g(shù)et 與"be + 過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的be一樣，都起助動(dòng)詞的作用。但get多用于口語，并且其后不能跟"by + 執(zhí)行者"，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的、出乎意料的事件，如get dressed, ge

39、t killed等。He got/ was drunk for the first time in his life that night.2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式高考重點(diǎn)考察動(dòng)名詞和不定式的被動(dòng)形式。找準(zhǔn)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是做題的關(guān)健。The girl is afraid of being scolded by her mother.（scold和它的邏輯主語the girl之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系）The book seems to have been published last year.（publish和它的邏輯主語the book 之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系）四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的

40、承受者：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，將承受者作為談話的中心時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這類句子常有一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的短語說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，有時(shí)也可沒有。This poem was written by Whitman.2. 淡化動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時(shí)（如people, one等），常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He is suspected robbing the bank.3. 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是無生命的事物： He was seriously wounded by a rolling stone.4. 某些習(xí)慣用法：有些習(xí)慣用法常以被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式出現(xiàn)。I am determined to do better than Mike.五 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 某些連系動(dòng)詞，如look, feel, sound, taste, smell, appear, seem, prove等，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The trip to the beautiful island this summer sounds really exciting. 。His plan proved (to be) practical.2. 有一類經(jīng)常用作及物動(dòng)詞的詞，如burn, wash, wear, close, read, write, sell, open, lock, shu