高考題型專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀填空七選五(28張ppt)(1)

1、閱讀填空（七選五）閱讀填空（七選五）解解 題題 步步 驟驟3備備 考考 策策 略略4考考 綱綱 解解 讀讀1命命 題題 特特 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)2高高 考考 新新 題題 型型考考 綱綱 解解 讀讀 該類(lèi)題型要求從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中(均為完整的句子)選出五個(gè)能填入文章空處的最佳選項(xiàng)，主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式體現(xiàn)了新課標(biāo)“用英語(yǔ)獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語(yǔ)思維的能力。”的閱讀學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點(diǎn)，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項(xiàng)少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點(diǎn)不完全相同而已。命命 題題 特特 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 一、選材

2、特點(diǎn)。 一般為280300詞左右的說(shuō)明文或議論文，單純以時(shí)間或事件為線(xiàn)索的記敘文不宜于考查邏輯思維能力，一般較少出現(xiàn)。 二、設(shè)空特點(diǎn)。 設(shè)空類(lèi)型一般有: 標(biāo)題類(lèi)、主題句類(lèi)、承上啟下類(lèi)、 概括總結(jié)類(lèi)、其他類(lèi) 三、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。 該題型選項(xiàng)大致可分為三類(lèi) 主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容) 過(guò)渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu)) 注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義) 另外兩個(gè)多余的干擾項(xiàng)也可以通過(guò)這三個(gè)特點(diǎn)來(lái)排除，例如主旨概括句要么過(guò)于寬泛要么以偏概全或偏離主題，過(guò)渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。解解 題題 步步 驟驟 步驟一： 快速瀏覽一遍七個(gè)備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。 通常有三個(gè)四個(gè)

3、位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有時(shí)有的答案表述上就是錯(cuò)誤的，可以直接從備選項(xiàng)中清除，以降低難度。 步驟二： 快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。 該題型一般為說(shuō)明文或議論文。 說(shuō)明文常采用總-分-總的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，第一段說(shuō)明要說(shuō)明的主題，下面幾段多是從不同的角度來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，最后總結(jié)，所以各段之間多是平行關(guān)系，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象。 議論文先拋出議題，然后從正反兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行討論，最后得出結(jié)論。新聞體裁的應(yīng)用文首句為主題句，下面展開(kāi)細(xì)節(jié)性的報(bào)道。確定文章體裁有利于預(yù)測(cè)文章各段主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)形式，形成重要的選擇依據(jù)。 步驟三： 分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意

4、。 分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次，也就是段落，說(shuō)明文和議論文這樣體裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主題句。找到主題句有助于幫助確定選擇的范圍，即所選句子必須和該段主題一致。另一種是分析每一個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語(yǔ)篇層次。要真正體會(huì)句際間的意義關(guān)系，把握作者的思路，從語(yǔ)序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點(diǎn)，理清層次。 步驟四： 注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。 文章的行文需要通過(guò)一定的銜接手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。文章的銜接手段有：重復(fù)式用某一詞語(yǔ)或子范疇的詞語(yǔ)，使用同義語(yǔ)表達(dá)，用總稱(chēng)指代具體事物或用具體事物指代整體，使用代詞避免重復(fù)等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平穩(wěn)在句子之間過(guò)渡。連貫使文

5、章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子甚至每個(gè)短語(yǔ)融為一體。段落一致與句子銜接是文章連貫的兩個(gè)必要因素。 步驟五： 區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。 七選五備選答案中有兩個(gè)多余的選項(xiàng)，會(huì)對(duì)文章中兩個(gè)空的選擇構(gòu)成干擾，這時(shí)要特別細(xì)致地比對(duì)相似選項(xiàng)，方法和答閱讀理解時(shí)區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)一樣。 步驟六： 用代入法，檢查答案是否合理。 將所有選擇答案放回空白處，通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否語(yǔ)義連貫合理、緊扣主題，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫(xiě)作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。1.看看標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題文章文章2.看看，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的3.通通，查看，查看，分析，分

6、析4.看空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的看空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的5.靈活掌握答題靈活掌握答題(先易后難先易后難)6. 代入答案，重點(diǎn)代入答案，重點(diǎn)核查核查邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系。 解題策略解題策略 一、細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題型解題技巧 1詞匯的銜接 (1)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn) 復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫(xiě)作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。 【例1】 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been

7、 able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 72 So they are called “diseases of civilization”Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. AStone Age people lived a simple life. BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. C

8、In that case, they would live much healthier. DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise. EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. F. People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors. GModern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”. 解析：E項(xiàng)的sicknesses與72空前

9、的sicknesses屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！纠?】On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world._ Those disadvantages include expense, time away fr

10、om ones school, family，.AThe following are its advantages.BHowever, there may be a number of disadvantages.CConsider a distance education.DMost of us are adapted to studying at school.解析：第一句話(huà)中有advantages，與B項(xiàng)屬于反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。空后的Those disadvantages與B項(xiàng)中的disadvantages屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 (2)同范疇詞出現(xiàn)同范疇詞出現(xiàn) 同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在

11、文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密?！纠?】Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent o

12、r other relatives. _72_ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C . Different people feel stress in different ways E . You need to figure out what the problem is. F . And dont fo

13、rget about your friends.解析：72空前有trusted adult(可以相信的人)該空前的父母、親戚；還有朋友(And.friends)。 (3)代詞線(xiàn)索代詞線(xiàn)索 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無(wú)非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。 it 可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these 或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。【例4】_73_ They say the first step is to

14、 admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger，. ADoctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. BHe said that laughter is much healthier than anger. CAnger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. 解析：73空后的they與A項(xiàng)doctors照應(yīng)。答案：A【例5】_72_ Their anger

15、 might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper. _73_ EIn fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry. GSome kids get angry more often or more easily th

16、an some other kids. 解析： 72空后的Their照應(yīng)G項(xiàng)中的Some kids；答案：G解析： 73空前的people照應(yīng)E項(xiàng)中的they答案：E2邏輯關(guān)系的銜接邏輯關(guān)系的銜接 過(guò)渡性句子可以從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷可分為：A.并列關(guān)系： First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for one thing, for another thing，.；then /next, finally/last 等。B.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： too, also, besides,

17、further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。C.解釋例證關(guān)系： for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。D.因果關(guān)系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(結(jié)果), as a result (of), so/such.t

18、hat.，so that.等。E.轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系： but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。F.概括歸納關(guān)系： in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, t

19、o sum up 等?！纠?】_ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. AYou must write your notes on separate paper. BThere are three practical note-taking methods. CFirst, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember

20、it. 解析：空后的second明確暗示前面為first。答案：C 二、 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)題解題技巧 根據(jù)試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略 1如果問(wèn)題在段首 通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題?！纠?】(2010新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)_73_When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.AShow you

21、r true interest. BRestate the question with respect.CSome ideas can be quite concrete.解析：所在空為該段大意。2如果問(wèn)題在段尾 (a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。(b)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。(c)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查

22、找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。 (d)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類(lèi)似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號(hào)線(xiàn)索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還

23、是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。 【例8】It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow. All you can do is do your best each day

24、,hope for the best ,and when something does happen, take it easy ._ A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out . C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety.?態(tài)度態(tài)度方法方法高考真題高考真題2014年高考英語(yǔ)課標(biāo)卷年高考英語(yǔ)課標(biāo)卷II七選五解析七選五解析Tips for cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are

25、three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money and time, _36 _Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:1. Think ahe

26、ad. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_37_2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most o

27、f it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? _38_ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3._39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to t