What Your Fifth Grader Needs to Know――五年級全科核心知識英語讀本(原版引進 中文注解)

1、目錄ContentsAcknowledgments致謝A Note to Parents and Teachers家長和教師使用說明Introduction to the Revised Edition修訂版說明General Introduction to the Core Knowledge Series核心知識系列讀本前言. Language and Literature語言和文學(xué)Introduction引言Poetry詩歌A Wise Old Owl一只聰明的老貓頭鷹The Eagle鷹The Arrow and the Song箭與歌The Road Not Taken未選擇的路Th

2、e Snow-storm暴風(fēng)雪I Hear America Singing我聽見美利堅在歌唱Incident一件小事I like to see it lap the Miles我愛看它舔食一哩又一哩A Bird came down the Walk一只小鳥沿小徑走來The Tyger老虎A Poison Tree一棵毒樹Barbara Frietchie芭芭拉·弗里切O Captain! My Captain!哦,船長!我的船長!Casey at the Bat凱西站上打擊區(qū)Stories, Myths, and Legends故事、神話和傳說The Adventures of To

3、m Sawyer湯姆·索耶歷險記Don Quixote堂·吉訶德Little Women小婦人Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平自述The Secret Garden秘密花園The Red-Headed League紅發(fā)會The Samurais Daughter武士的女兒The Sun Dance太陽舞Coyote Goes to the Land of the Dead 郊狼去亡靈之地Learning About Literature文學(xué)知識Literal and Figurativ

4、e Language直陳性語言與修辭性語言Imagery意象Simile and Metaphor明喻和暗喻Symbols象征Personification擬人Onomatopoeia擬聲Alliteration頭韻Drama戲劇ShakespeareShakespeares Comedies 莎士比亞的喜劇Learning About Language 語言知識Subjects and Verbs主語和動詞Sentence Fragments不完整句Run-On Sentences連寫句Direct Objects直接賓語Indirect Objects間接賓語Predicates謂語Nou

5、ns名詞Adjectives and Adverbs 形容詞和副詞Interjections感嘆詞Personal Pronouns人稱代詞Agreement in Case格的一致Possessive Case所有格Agreement in GenderAgreement in Number數(shù)的一致The Versatile Comma用途廣泛的逗號Colons and Italics冒號和斜體Writing寫作Researching and Writing a Report 研究并撰寫報告Prefixes前綴Suffixes后綴Sayings and Phrases諺語和短語Birthda

6、y suit赤身裸體Bite the hand that feeds you咬喂養(yǎng)你的手(恩將仇報 Catch forty winks打盹兒Chip on your shoulder采取挑釁的態(tài)度Count your blessings.多想想你的福氣Eat crow被迫收回自己說過的話Eleventh hour最后一刻Eureka!我找到了!Every cloud has a silver lining.每朵烏云都有銀邊Few and far between稀少的The grass is always greener on the other side of the hill. 草總是山那邊

7、的更綠Kill two birds with one stone一石二鳥Lock, stock, and barrel一樣不落Make a mountain out of a molehill將鼴鼠丘當(dāng)成一座山(小題大做A miss is as good as a mile.差一點等于差一英里(錯誤再小也是錯Its never too late to mend.改過不嫌晚Out of the frying pan and into the fire跳出煎鍋,又落火坑(逃脫小難,更遭大難A penny saved is a penny earned.省一分錢就等于掙一分錢Read between

8、 the lines讀懂字里行間的意思(體會言外之意Sit on the fence采取騎墻的態(tài)度(保持中立Steal his/her thunder竊取某人的發(fā)明或創(chuàng)意Take the bull by the horns捉牛執(zhí)角(采取果斷行動Till the cows come home直到母牛都回家了(遙遙無期Time heals all wounds.時間會治愈所有的創(chuàng)傷Tom, Dick, and Harry湯姆、迪克和哈利(每一個人Vice versa反之亦然A watched pot never boils.被盯著的水壺總不開Well begun is half done.良好的開

9、端是成功的一半What will be will be.該來的總會來. History and Geography歷史和地理Introduction引言World Geography世界地理Reference Points參照點Latitude and Longitude緯度與經(jīng)度Arctic and Antarctic北極地區(qū)和南極地區(qū)Tropical, Temperate, Frigid熱帶、溫帶和寒帶The Seasons季節(jié)Its About Time關(guān)于時間:時區(qū)和國際日期變更線Round Earth, Flat Map圓圓的地球,平面的地圖The Mercator Projecti

10、on墨卡托投影Conic and Plane Projection圓錐投影和平面投影Lakes湖泊Salty Lakes and River Sources咸水湖與河源Lakes of the World世界上的湖泊Early Civilizations of the Americas 美洲的早期文明The Maya, Aztecs, and Incas瑪雅人、阿茲特克人和印加人The Maya瑪雅人Maya Life and Learning瑪雅人的生活與學(xué)識Where Did They Go?他們?nèi)チ四睦?The Aztecs阿茲特克人A Fierce Religion極端的宗教Two W

11、orlds Meet兩個世界的相遇:西班牙人入侵阿茲特克帝國The Incas印加人Pizarro皮薩羅:印加帝國的征服者European Exploration歐洲人的探險The Discovery of the “New World”發(fā)現(xiàn)“新世界”Control of Trade控制貿(mào)易Early Portuguese Explorations葡萄牙人的早期探險Christopher Columbus克里斯托弗·哥倫布:“新大陸”的發(fā)現(xiàn)者Who Will Rule the Waves?誰是海上霸主?Da Gama達·伽馬:第一位航行至印度的歐洲人Cabral卡布拉爾:巴

12、西的發(fā)現(xiàn)者Magellan Goes Around the World麥哲倫環(huán)游世界The Dutch Head East荷蘭人向東進發(fā)The Pacific Islands and the Ring of Fire太平洋島嶼與太平洋火圈Where Are the English?英國人在哪里?Europes New World Colonies歐洲人在新世界的殖民地Bartolomé de las Casas巴托洛梅·德拉斯·卡薩斯:印第安人的保護者Sugar, Plantations, and Slavery蔗糖、種植園和奴隸制The Transatlanti

13、c Slave Trade橫跨大西洋的奴隸貿(mào)易The Middle Passage大西洋中段航程The Renaissance and Reformation文藝復(fù)興與宗教改革Islamic Learning伊斯蘭學(xué)術(shù)The Renaissance文藝復(fù)興Florence and the Medici佛羅倫薩和美第奇家族Beyond Florence佛羅倫薩之外Princes and Courtiers王公與侍臣Gutenberg谷登堡:歐洲金屬活字印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明者Martin Luther馬丁·路德Protestantism and Calvinism新教和加爾文主義The Coun

14、ter-Reformation反宗教改革運動England英格蘭Henry VIII亨利八世Protestant or Catholic?新教還是天主教?Elizabeth I伊麗莎白一世The Spanish Armada西班牙無敵艦隊James I詹姆斯一世Charles I查理一世The Civil War英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)Charles II and the Restoration查理二世與王政復(fù)辟James II and the Glorious Revolution 詹姆斯二世與光榮革命The Bill of Rights權(quán)利法案Russia俄羅斯Ivan the GreatIvan the

15、 Terrible恐怖的伊凡Peter the Great彼得大帝Catherine the Great葉卡捷琳娜大帝Feudal Japan封建時代的日本Land of the Rising Sun日出之國Japanese Feudalism日本的封建制度Japanese Religions日本的宗教Westward Expansion Before the Civil War 南北戰(zhàn)爭前的西進運動New Nation, New Lands新的國家,新的土地The Louisiana Purchase路易斯安那購地The Fur Trade毛皮貿(mào)易Moving West向西進發(fā)“Theres

16、 Gold in Them Thar Hills!”“那些山里有黃金!”Getting There到那里去Broken TreatiesManifest Destiny命定擴張論The Mexican-American War美墨戰(zhàn)爭The Civil War南北戰(zhàn)爭North and South北方和南方The Missouri Compromise密蘇里妥協(xié)案The Mason-Dixon Line梅森狄克森線Abolitionists廢奴主義者How Some Slaves Resisted一些奴隸的反抗方式The Dred Scott Decision德雷德·斯科特裁決The

17、 Lincoln-Douglas Debates林肯與道格拉斯的辯論John Brown約翰·布朗:廢奴英雄States¡Rights and Secession各州的權(quán)利與脫離聯(lián)邦Lincoln Elected: Southern States Secede 林肯當(dāng)選:南方各州退出聯(lián)邦Fort Sumter: The Civil War Begins薩姆特堡:南北戰(zhàn)爭打響Eager to FightThe Confederacy南部邦聯(lián)Robert E. Lee羅伯特·E.李:南部邦聯(lián)軍隊總司令Ulysses S. Grant尤利西斯·S.格蘭特:北部

18、聯(lián)邦軍隊總司令The Soldiers南北戰(zhàn)爭中的士兵Yanks and Rebs, Blue and Gray北方佬和叛軍,藍色和灰色SoldiersSongs士兵們的歌Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation安蒂特姆河與解放奴隸宣言African-American Troops非裔美國人士兵The Misery of War戰(zhàn)爭造成的不幸The Ironclads裝甲艦Gettysburg葛底斯堡Lincolns Gettysburg Address林肯的葛底斯堡演說The Arithmetic of the Gettysburg Address

19、 葛底斯堡演說中的算術(shù)運算Shermans March to the Sea謝爾曼:向海洋進軍Lincoln Is Reelected林肯連任總統(tǒng)Richmond Falls里士滿陷落Surrender at Appomattox阿波馬托克斯受降Lincoln Is Assassinated林肯遇刺Reconstruction美國重建時期Repairing the “House Divided”修復(fù)“分裂之家”Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction約翰遜的重建計劃Black Codes黑人法典Scalawags and Carpetbaggers無賴漢和提包客The

20、Freedmens Bureau被解放黑奴事務(wù)管理局The Impeachment of President Johnson 約翰遜總統(tǒng)彈劾案Three Important Amendments三個重要的修正案The End of Reconstruction重建時期的結(jié)束Westward Expansion After the Civil War 南北戰(zhàn)爭后的西進運動“Go West, Young Man!”“到西部去,年輕人!”HomesteadersThe Transcontinental Railroad橫貫大陸的鐵路Buffalo Soldiers布法羅士兵Cowboys牛仔The

21、Wild West荒蠻的西部Sewards Folly蘇厄德的蠢事The Closing of the American Frontier美國邊疆時代的結(jié)束Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts 美國印第安人:文化與沖突Natives and Settlers原住民與移民Indians of the Southwest西南部的印第安人Indians of the Pacific Northwest西北部太平洋沿岸地區(qū)的印第安人Indians of the Great Basin and the Plateau 大盆地和高原的印第安人Indians of

22、 the Plains大平原印第安人The Buffalo Disappear野牛消失Reservations保留地The Sand Creek MassacreLittle Big Horn小比格霍恩河戰(zhàn)役“I will fight no more forever.”“我永遠都不再作戰(zhàn)了?！盩he Ghost Dance鬼魂舞Attempts to Assimilate the Indians同化印第安人的嘗試Splitting Up Reservations分割保留地U.S. Geography美國地理Regions of the United States美國的行政區(qū)域Alaska an

23、d Hawaii阿拉斯加和夏威夷. Visual Arts視覺藝術(shù)Introduction引言The Renaissance文藝復(fù)興The Rebirth of the Arts藝術(shù)的重生Beautiful Things美好的事物The Harmony of the Body和諧的人體A New Perspective新穎的透視畫法Leonardo: Renaissance Man列奧納多:博學(xué)之士The Last Supper最后的晚餐Michelangelo and the Sistine Ceiling 米開朗琪羅與西斯廷禮拜堂天花板壁畫Raphael: Painter of Madon

24、nas拉斐爾:圣母瑪利亞題材畫家Renaissance Sculpture文藝復(fù)興時期的雕塑Renaissance Architecture文藝復(fù)興時期的建筑The Northern Renaissance北方文藝復(fù)興Bruegel: Painter of Peasants勃魯蓋爾:農(nóng)民題材畫家The Proud Artist驕傲的藝術(shù)家American Art美國藝術(shù)The Lives of Americans美國人的生活A(yù)merican Landscapes美國風(fēng)景畫The Civil War in Art藝術(shù)作品中的南北戰(zhàn)爭Japanese Art日本藝術(shù)Buddhism and Jap

25、anese Art佛教和日本藝術(shù). Music音樂Introduction引言Elements of Music音樂要素What All Music Has in Common音樂的共同點High Notes and Low Notes高音符與低音符Short Notes and Long Notes短音符與長音符Dotted and Tied Notes附點音符與延音符Time for a Rest休止符Measures and Bar Lines小節(jié)與小節(jié)線Could You Repeat That?你能重復(fù)一遍嗎?Time Signatures拍號The Treble Clef高音譜號F

26、rom Sheet Music to Sound從樂譜到聲音Sharps and Flats升半音與降半音Italian for Composers作曲家用到的意大利語You Gotta Have Rhythm你要抓住節(jié)奏Verse and Refrain段落與副歌Harmony和聲Listening and Understanding聆聽和理解Polyphonic Music復(fù)調(diào)音樂Canons and Rounds卡農(nóng)曲與輪唱曲Renaissance Composers文藝復(fù)興時期的作曲家Lute Music魯特琴音樂John Dowland約翰·道蘭德Mendelssohns

27、Midsummers Night門德爾松的仲夏夜之夢Beethoven: A Stormy Life Set to Music貝多芬:用音樂詮釋暴風(fēng)雨般的人生Mussorgsky: Painting Pictures with Music穆索爾斯基:用音樂作畫Spirituals黑人靈歌Sorrow Songs悲傷之歌Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child有時我覺得自己像個孤兒Down by the Riverside走在河岸上Wayfaring Stranger旅途中的異鄉(xiāng)人Songs About Westward Expansion美國西進運動歌曲

28、Sweet Betsy from Pike來自派克的貝特西Shenandoah謝南多Git Along, Little Dogies向前走,小牛犢Songs About Love and Lovers關(guān)于愛和愛人的歌曲Danny Boy丹尼男孩Red River Valley紅河谷. Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)Introduction引言Numbers and Number Sense數(shù)和數(shù)感Billions十億Place Value and Expanded Form位值和展開式Comparing Large Numbers比較多位數(shù)大小Positive and Negative Numbe

29、rs正數(shù)和負數(shù)Integers整數(shù)Comparing Integers比較整數(shù)大小Adding Integers整數(shù)加法Subtracting Integers整數(shù)減法Rounding四舍五入Squares and Square Roots平方和平方根Exponents指數(shù)Powers of Ten10的乘方SetsPrime Numbers質(zhì)數(shù)Prime Factors質(zhì)因數(shù)Greatest Common Factor最大公因數(shù)Least Common Multiple最小公倍數(shù)Computation計算Properties of Addition加法的性質(zhì)Variables變量Invers

30、e Operations, Equations逆運算和方程Properties of Multiplication乘法的性質(zhì)Multiplication and Division as Inverse Operations 乘除法互逆運算Multiplying Large Factors多位數(shù)的乘法Estimating a Product估算乘積Division and Divisibility除法和整除性Short Division短除法Long DivisionMore Two-Digit Divisors除數(shù)為兩位數(shù)的除法練習(xí)Three-Digit Divisors三位數(shù)的除數(shù)Decim

31、als, Fractions, and Mixed Numbers小數(shù)、分數(shù)和帶分數(shù)Decimals小數(shù)Decimals on a Number Line在數(shù)軸上標出小數(shù)Comparing Decimals比較小數(shù)的大小Decimal Sums and Differences小數(shù)的和與差Multiplying Decimals小數(shù)的乘法Multiplying Decimals by 10, 100, 1000小數(shù)乘以10、100、1000Estimating Decimal Products估算小數(shù)的乘積Multiplying a Decimal by a Decimal小數(shù)乘小數(shù)Checki

32、ng Decimal Products驗算小數(shù)的乘積Decimal Division小數(shù)的除法Writing Zeros in the Dividend在被除數(shù)后面加0Dividing Whole Numbers Without Remainders將整數(shù)除盡Dividing by 10, 100, 1000小數(shù)除以10、100、1000Rounding Decimal Quotients小數(shù)商的四舍五入Checking Inexact Division驗算不精確的除法Equivalent Fractions等值分數(shù)Lowest Terms最簡分數(shù)Comparing Fractions比較分數(shù)

33、大小Comparing Fractions on a Number Line 在數(shù)軸上比較分數(shù)大小Adding Fractions分數(shù)加法Subtracting Fractions分數(shù)減法Mixed Numbers and Fractions帶分數(shù)和分數(shù)Decimals, Mixed Numbers, and Fractions 小數(shù)、帶分數(shù)和分數(shù)Adding Mixed Numbers帶分數(shù)加法Subtracting Mixed Numbers帶分數(shù)減法Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 分數(shù)和整數(shù)相乘Ratios, Percents, and P

34、robabilities比例、百分數(shù)和概率Ratio比例Scale比例尺Rates and Speed比率與速度Percent百分數(shù)Percents and Fractions百分數(shù)和分數(shù)Percents and Decimals百分數(shù)和小數(shù)Writing Fractions, Decimals, or Percents 書寫分數(shù)、小數(shù)或百分數(shù)Finding a Percent of a Number求一個數(shù)的百分數(shù)Finding an Average求平均數(shù)Probability概率Graphs, Functions, and Word Problems 圖表、函數(shù)和應(yīng)用題Circle Gr

35、aphs圓形圖Bar Graphs條形圖Line Graphs線狀圖Functions and Inverse Operations函數(shù)和逆運算Graphing Functions繪制函數(shù)圖Writing and Solving Equations for Word Problems 應(yīng)用題:列出和解答方程式Geometry幾何學(xué)Angles角Kinds of Angles角的種類Kinds of Triangles三角形的種類Polygons多邊形Diagonals對角線Circles圓Area面積Finding the Area of a Triangle求三角形的面積Finding th

36、e Area of a Parallelogram求平行四邊形的面積Finding Areas of Other Figures求其他圖形的面積Rectangular Prisms長方體Volume體積Volume and Surface Area體積和表面積Changing U.S. Customary Units of Volume美國常用體積單位的換算Changing Metric Units of Volume公制體積單位的換算Volume and Capacity體積和容積. Science科學(xué)Introduction引言Chemistry: Matter and Change化學(xué):

37、物質(zhì)和變化Atoms原子John Dalton約翰·道爾頓The Parts of Atoms原子結(jié)構(gòu)Mendeleev and the Periods門捷列夫和元素周期律Explaining the Periods元素周期律的解釋Elements and Abbreviations元素和縮寫符號Metals and Non-Metals金屬元素和非金屬元素Molecules分子Compounds化合物Physical and Chemical Changes物理變化和化學(xué)變化Classifying Living Things生物分類Why Classify?為什么要分類?Classifying Organisms有機體的分類Cells細胞The Parts of a Cell細胞的組成Living versus Non-living有生命的與無生命的Differe