高考英語語法填空技巧分類突破：介詞

1、介詞介詞介詞是高考中的一個重要考點，在連續(xù)介詞是高考中的一個重要考點，在連續(xù)兩年的高考中都有兩空是專門考查介詞的兩年的高考中都有兩空是專門考查介詞的,除此以外，介詞還頻繁出現(xiàn)在完型填空和除此以外，介詞還頻繁出現(xiàn)在完型填空和短文改錯。涉及面較廣，考察了學(xué)生的詞短文改錯。涉及面較廣，考察了學(xué)生的詞匯量和對介詞的正確使用匯量和對介詞的正確使用考點解密考點解密 介詞介詞 ( preposition )( preposition ) 一一 介詞的分類與語法功能介詞的分類與語法功能1.介詞是虛詞，介詞是虛詞， 不能單獨做句子成分，不能單獨做句子成分， 必須與名詞、必須與名詞、代詞（代詞（ 或相當(dāng)于名詞的其

2、他詞類、短語、或從句或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句 ） 構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。介詞分為：介詞分為： 簡單介詞簡單介詞: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 合成介詞合成介詞: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout . 短語介詞短語介詞: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of 雙重介詞雙重介詞 ： from behind /above / under , until after 分詞介詞分詞

3、介詞 ：considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us

4、a talk on how to study English well.總結(jié)總結(jié) 1：介詞后常接：介詞后常接 名詞、代詞、動名詞名詞、代詞、動名詞 、從句、從句、 不定式組成不定式組成介詞短語介詞短語?？偨Y(jié)總結(jié) 2 : 介詞短語在句子中可作表語、介詞短語在句子中可作表語、 定語定語 、狀語和、狀語和賓補。賓補。This machine is in good condition .Where is the key to my bike ?Nothing in the world could live without air or water .She always thinks herself

5、above others二二. 介詞搭配介詞搭配動詞動詞 介詞介詞v rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc) v supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ) v make sth of / from / into v 介詞介詞 the + 人體部位人體部位 （strike / catch / hit/v prevent sb from doingv persuade sb into / out of doing s

6、th ( advise/ warn /reason)v buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose )v tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read)v give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand )v say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper)v 同一介詞與不同動詞同一介詞與不同動詞 （ to / for / at 同一動詞與不同介詞的搭配同一動詞與不同介

7、詞的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand 2. 形容詞形容詞 介詞介詞 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientis

8、t _ the world .3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others .4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far . 3. 名詞名詞 介詞介詞 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying E

9、nglish . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom .重點介詞的用法歸納與辨析重點介詞的用法歸納與辨析表示世紀(jì)、年、月、表示世紀(jì)、年、月、 季、周季、周 用用 in / during ,in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕、前夕 用用 on3. 在某一時刻、在某一時刻、 或某一點時間用或某一點時間用 at .till , until , to 的用法。的用法。1） till /

10、 until 與延續(xù)動詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫與延續(xù)動詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫 動詞連用用在否定句（動詞連用用在否定句（ 在句首、強調(diào)句在句首、強調(diào)句 不用不用till ).2) to 表終結(jié)常與表終結(jié)常與from 連用連用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house from one + 名詞名詞 to another 表表 “依次依次” 名詞名詞 + by + 同一名詞同一名詞 one by one 5. in , after , later in + 一段時間一段時

11、間 . 常用常用 一般將來時。一般將來時。after + 一段時間一段時間 . 常用一般過去時。常用一般過去時。after + 點時間點時間 . 用各種時態(tài)。用各種時態(tài)。一段時間一段時間 later 過去時過去時6 . 地點介詞地點介詞 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to （ 靜態(tài)靜態(tài) ）, towards ( 動態(tài)動態(tài) ）,along7. 表示方式、手段、表示方式、手段、 工具工具 的介詞的介詞 by / through ( 表泛指表泛指 的方式、手段）的方式、手段） by (交通工

12、具類）交通工具類） by / with / in ( 方式、手段）方式、手段）1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink .2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email .8. On 與與 about 區(qū)別區(qū)別簡單區(qū)分：簡單區(qū)分：about通俗大眾；通俗大眾；on學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)【專業(yè)專業(yè)】性強性強on與與about 二者都是介詞，意為二者都是介詞，意為“關(guān)于，論及關(guān)于，論

13、及”等，一般情況下，二者可以互相替換，但二者有等，一般情況下，二者可以互相替換，但二者有點區(qū)別：點區(qū)別：about常用于簡單的或淺顯的論述等，是常用于簡單的或淺顯的論述等，是一般用語，多用于講故事，談話；思考等；一般用語，多用于講故事，談話；思考等； on多多用于系統(tǒng)論述或?qū)ｎ}講演、論著等，具有學(xué)術(shù)性，用于系統(tǒng)論述或?qū)ｎ}講演、論著等，具有學(xué)術(shù)性，如：如：The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. Its very moving. He will give us a talk on the history of the Party.他將給我們做個關(guān)于他

14、將給我們做個關(guān)于黨史的報告。黨史的報告。 注意注意:learn about,read about,quarrel about,hear about, story about 等短語一般涉等短語一般涉及知識的深度及知識的深度,所以不能用所以不能用on代替代替about。Were going to listen to a lecture African history this afternoonHe wrote the school.It is a book birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作一本學(xué)術(shù)著作) It is a book birds.

15、 那是一本關(guān)于鳥類的書。那是一本關(guān)于鳥類的書。(可能是一可能是一本供小孩看的故事書本供小孩看的故事書) 9. 表表 “ 除除 之外之外 ” 的介詞的介詞 besides , but except ， except for , except that 注意：注意： 1） 前面有不定代詞、前面有不定代詞、 疑問代詞時，多用疑問代詞時，多用but All but one are here .Nobody but I likes literature .2） 后接不定式短語為排除對象時，多用后接不定式短語為排除對象時，多用butHe has nothing to do but wait .3) 固定短

16、語固定短語 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）（只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不）不得不） but for / but that（要不是）（要不是）10. between / among (三者以上）三者以上） 1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li.2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby .3）Shanghai is _the largest c

17、ities in the world .4） A horse can be seen _ trees now. 1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking . 10 表原因的介詞：表原因的介詞：for , because of ,

18、due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 11. 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的 for , of 1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer.2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money .3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without pers

19、everance .12 . 兼類詞兼類詞 （ 兼作連詞和副詞）兼作連詞和副詞） after since till / until before . 介詞介詞 ( preposition )( preposition ) 一一 介詞的分類與語法功能介詞的分類與語法功能1.介詞是虛詞，介詞是虛詞， 不能單獨做句子成分，不能單獨做句子成分， 必須與名詞、必須與名詞、代詞（代詞（ 或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句 ） 構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。介詞分為：介詞分為： 簡單介詞簡單介詞: at 、 in 、 on 、f

20、or 、 to 合成介詞合成介詞: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout . 短語介詞短語介詞: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of 雙重介詞雙重介詞 ： from behind /above / under , until after 分詞介詞分詞介詞 ：considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the w

21、eather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.1. 什么情況下可能是填介詞？什么情況下可能是填介詞？我們首先必須知道兩點：我們首先必須知道兩點：(1)介詞介詞必須要接賓語必須要接賓

22、語，其賓語可以是名詞、，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞，或者代詞、動名詞，或者what從句；從句；(2)名詞、代詞或動名詞在句中通常作主語、名詞、代詞或動名詞在句中通常作主語、動詞的賓語動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語介詞的賓語。因此，我們在解答語法填空時，因此，我們在解答語法填空時，若空格后是若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞名詞、代詞或動名詞時，且他們時，且他們不是不是在句中作在句中作主語，主語，也不是也不是在動詞后作賓語時，這個格空就在動詞后作賓語時，這個格空就很可能是填很可能是填介詞介詞。解題技巧解題技巧2. 應(yīng)該填哪個介詞？應(yīng)該填哪個介詞？在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根據(jù)具體的在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根

23、據(jù)具體的語境來確定填哪個介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格語境來確定填哪個介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。所在句子的意思來選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。另外，另外，以下幾條思路對解題非常有用以下幾條思路對解題非常有用：(1)由由介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系來確定。來確定。2008年廣東高考年廣東高考36題，題，“感到累了感到累了”應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)當(dāng)是是“干活一整天之后干活一整天之后”，故填，故填after。(2)由所處由所處句型的特殊需要句型的特殊需要來確定。來確定。如如2008年廣年廣東高考東高考31題，這是一個題，這是一個there be句型，該句型一句型，該句型一般是表示般是表

24、示“在某個地點存在某人或某物在某個地點存在某人或某物”；可見；可見 “_these proverbs”應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示地點的；應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示地點的；不難得知不難得知“有趣故事有趣故事”應(yīng)當(dāng)是在應(yīng)當(dāng)是在“這些成語的背這些成語的背后后”，故填，故填behind。(3)由由特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系來確定。關(guān)系來確定。如能接復(fù)合賓語如能接復(fù)合賓語(賓語賓語+賓補賓補)的介詞只能是的介詞只能是with或或without。(4)考慮介詞考慮介詞(空格空格)與前面的動詞或名詞之間的與前面的動詞或名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系搭配關(guān)系，或者介詞，或者介詞(空格空格)與后面名詞之間的搭與后面名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系來確定具體要填的介詞。配

25、關(guān)系來確定具體要填的介詞。例例1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (廣東廣東)分析：因分析：因these proverbs是名詞，且不是作主語、是名詞，且不是作主語、賓語、表語等，前面很可能是填介詞；句意是賓語、表語等，前面很可能是填介詞；句意是“在中國的這些成語故事的背后常常有有趣的在中國的這些成語故事的背后常常有有趣的故事故事”，表示，表示“在在

26、背后背后”，用介詞，用介詞behind。實例剖析實例剖析例例2He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示；另外，表示“因因而累而累”，be tired from也是固定短語，故也可填也是固定短語，故也可填from。例例3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest i

27、n their house.分析：句意是分析：句意是“把我們作為客人接待把我們作為客人接待”，表示，表示“當(dāng)作，作為當(dāng)作，作為”用介詞用介詞as。例例4I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her.分析：句意是分析：句意是“我想酬謝我們給她造成了麻煩我想酬謝我們給她造成了麻煩的那個年邁的婦女。的那個年邁的婦女?！?表示表示“因因而酬謝而酬謝/報答某人報答某人”，是，是reward sb. for sth.，即用，即用for引出原因，故填引出原因，故填for。 類似的表達(dá)還有類似的表達(dá)還有: thank sb. fo

28、r sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。等?？键c擊破考點擊破一、單句填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。一、單句填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽安徽)2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京北京)3. A great man shows his greatness _

29、 the way he treats little men. (福建福建)4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建福建)into by by with 5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (遼寧遼寧)6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. (寧夏寧夏)7. Mo

30、dern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. (全國全國)8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山東山東)to as about at9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陜西陜西)10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ th

31、e weather. (浙江浙江)11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京北京)12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建福建) beyond for against for 13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear

32、our own heartbeats. (湖南湖南)14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西江西)15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西江西)16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全國全國I)In of on for for

33、 17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全國全國II)18. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川四川)19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江浙江)20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visitin

34、g hours. (福建福建)21. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽安徽)besides between of beyond beyond 22. Its a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海上海)23. People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began. (遼寧遼寧)24. After the eart

35、hquake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西江西)25. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江浙江)between about for on 26. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis

36、 nowadays. (上海上海)27. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京北京)28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海上海)29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ which New York is an example. (四川四川)of in without of 30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeare