全國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試模擬試題1

1、2010年全國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試模擬試題（理工類）考試時(shí)間：120分鐘 考試總分：100分第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題l分，共15分） 下面共有l(wèi)5個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇l個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。1 It is irritating to be forced to listen to such silly conversation. A chilly B annoying C accessory D furtive2 Many of novelist Carson McGul

2、lers characters are isolated, disappointed people. A solitary B grumpy C feeble D frugal3 One-room schoolhouses can still be found in isolated areas of North America. A bare B deprived C remote D developed4 The benzene molecule contains six carbon atoms joined together in the form of a six-sided rin

3、g. A represented B connected C contained D included5 The old car jolted along the country road at a snails pace. A rode B dawdled C honked D bounced6 Literary historians believe Emily Dickinson had a lonely existence, finding joy only in her poetry. A friendship B happiness C expression D interest7

4、Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses. A supremacy B authority C guidance D obedience8 Maine is justly famous, for its beautiful lakes and ponds. A only B rightfully C legally D simply9 In some libraries young peopl

5、e can check out ten juvenile hooks at one time. A adventure B large-print C hardcover D childrens10 Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water. A float B finish C remain effective D be prescribed11 The works of Walt Whitman

6、had a lasting effect on the development of modern American poetry. A an enduring B an unknown C a startling D a final12 Not until his play Beyond the Horizon was produced wag Eugene ONeill lauded as the foremost creative American playwright. A compensated B secretly named C given preference D praise

7、d13 A prominent advocate of woman suffrage. Susan B. Anthony lectured throughout the Unites States for the cause of womens rights. A raised money B arranged meetings C wrote articles D gave speeches14 Helen Kellers achievements as an author and lecturer were an inspiration to millions. A editor B di

8、rector C correspondent D speaker15 A corporation is a business organization that is formed to act as a single person and is legally endowed with particular rights and duties. A by word B by law C laudably D liberally第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題l分，共7分） 閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把

9、A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息在文章中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。Dining Custom Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6 : 30, the hostess expects him to be the

10、re at 6 : 30 or not more than a few minutes after. Be-cause she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late，the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest

11、cannot come on time，he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come. As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introdu

12、ced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman un-less the woman is much older. When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Even an American may be confused by the number

13、 of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however, use them in the orderin which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often serv

14、ed with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed, each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.16 As a country of immi

15、grants, the U.S. does not have its own dining customs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time he is required to come. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 A woman usually rises when she is being introduced

16、to an aged gentleman. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 At a dinner table, it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 At formal American dinner, the knives, forks, and spoons beside the plate are placed in a certain order. A Right B Wrong C Not mentio

17、ned21 The right order to use the knives, forks and spoons at a formal dinner is from the left to the right. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 At a formal dinner, bread is usually served together with salad and soup. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題l分，共8分） 閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（

18、1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第25段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Paris1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nations population and is the economic, cultural, and political

19、 center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as thesite for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nations activities.2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of t

20、he Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the l9th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.3 The city is the ce

21、ntralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than l00 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures

22、in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.4 In the late l980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately l.2 million s

23、tudents were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late l980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropol

24、itan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.23 Paragraph 2

25、_24 Paragraph 3 _25 Paragraph 4 _26 Paragraph 5 _A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population growthD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration27 Paris has in history been the center of _.28 Since the 10th century, the population of Paris _.29 Many valuable works of art _.30 Paris is not

26、only the center of education of France, but also the center _.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the countrys industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatresE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文

27、回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇l個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇 Cultural CodeEvery culture attempts to create a universe of discourse for its members. a way in which people can interpret their experience and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to sh

28、are meanings doomed to failure. This universe of discourseone of the most precious of all cultural legaciesistransmitted to each generation in part consciously and in part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thin

29、king, of gesturing, of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior. The child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, m

30、others and fathers, salesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making ones own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation.In Th

31、e Open and Closed Mind, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of communication between cultures. It is called the Denny Doodlebug Problem. Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny

32、is an animal that always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping four times I any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump ms master places some food th

33、ree feet directly West of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No mote or less. And he is right. All the reader has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct.The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to

34、 solve it, despite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic world of Denny Doodlebugwhere the cultural code has already been broken and handed to usimagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in soc

35、ieties whose codes have to yet been deciphered. And where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying sources of their own actions.31 We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by _.A creating a universe of discourseB imitating the behavior of

36、 others, especially those of the previous generationC sharing the same experiences with other peopleD taking in the various information were given with no discrimination32 What does the grammar of any culture refer to in the first paragraph? _A The grammatical rules in the language used by the large

37、st population in a culture.B Rules in a culture that can be modeled on by another culture.C Any rules that people in a culture receive throughout his life time.D Rules and codes that shape ones cultural perspective and behavior.33 By reading The Open and Closed Mind, we may_.A find a way of solving

38、the Denny Doodlebug problemB realize how little we know about the complexity of human behaviorC bring to light codes of some societies which we didnt know beforeD be aware of the difficulties of communications between different cultures34 It can be inferred from the passage that _.A in some societie

39、s, peoples behaviors are not governed by cultural codesB there are still societies whose cultural codes still remain a mystery to usC once people accept a cultural code, theyll have a full understanding of their behaviorD The Open and Closed Mind exerts great impact on peoples behavior35 Which one o

40、f the following statements about cultural code is TRUE? _A People in the same society may be governed by different cultural codes.B Cultural codes are passed on from one generation to another either in written form or in oral form or in both.C Cultural codes in different cultures may differ sharply

41、from one another.D The influence of cultural codes on an individual may decrease as he becomes older.第二篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and wh

42、ere to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses fo

43、r the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.“The main goal., should be to provide the Unite

44、d States with multiple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write.Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to b

45、e investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the

46、 failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions th

47、at suit their particular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.“This regional approach would be simila

48、r to the current approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types ,” said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear wa

49、ste management on the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.36. Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal” in the first paragraph? A Retirement, B Canceling. C Replaced. D Disposal.37. Acc

50、ording to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities A should be approved by the federal government. B should be approved by local people and states. C should be approved by Congress. D is not an important issue.38. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress conc

51、erning siting of nuclear waste disposal? A Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository. B The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear waste disposal caused much controversy. C The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems. D The decision by Congre

52、ss was accepted by local communities.39. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say? A Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transportation of nuclear waste over long distance. B Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possib

53、le. C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region. D Efforts should be made to build as many temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.40. What is meant by “regional approach” as mentioned in the last paragraph? A Waste disposal sites are locat

54、ed close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances. B Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types. C Spent nuclear fuel and high -level nuclear waste is moved to developing countries. D Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.第三篇 Plant GasSc

55、ientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising. because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts