2012屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 20 New Frontiers講練精品學(xué)案 北師大版選修7

1、Module 7Unit 20New Frontiers1. assist vt.幫助，協(xié)助 精講拓展 assist sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事 assist sb. in doing sth.幫助某人做某事 assist sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事詞語辨析help/assist/aid(1)動詞help和assist的含義往往相同，但assist較正式，而且總是暗示被幫助者自己也在做一部分工作，若某人處于困境，你幫助他用help，而不說assist。如：They helped the drowning man.他們救了那個溺水的人。(2)aid系正式用語，與he

2、lp相似，但不經(jīng)常使用。(3)在help，assist后面可以接動詞不定式，aid則不能這樣使用。He helped me (to) pass my exam.他幫助我通過了考試。典型例句A man is assisting police(with their inquiries)一名男子協(xié)助警方調(diào)查。朗文當(dāng)代Unless we receive more financial assistance from the government，the hospital will have to close.如果我們得不到政府財政上更多的援助，這家醫(yī)院就得停辦。朗文當(dāng)代Our friends assis

3、ted us in fixing the car.我們的朋友幫我們修車。美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用完成句子Dont be nervous.The police_ _you in finding her address.不要緊張，警察會幫你找出她的地址。Li Hua_ _ _ me _ my English.李華一直幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。答案：will assisthas been assisting；with2worn adj.用舊的，用壞的；疲憊的 精講拓展 a pair of worn blue jeans一條磨破了的藍(lán)色牛仔褲 look worn and sad 顯得疲憊憂傷 worn­out

4、 (extremely tired；exhausted)疲憊不堪的 wear glasses 戴眼鏡 wear ones hair long/short留長發(fā)/短發(fā) wear puzzled expressions 面帶疑惑的表情 wear well(主動形式表示被動意義)耐用，耐穿，耐磨典型例句We were worn­out from the long trip.長途旅行之后我們精疲力竭。美國傳統(tǒng)She usually wears her hair up.她通常都把頭發(fā)梳得高高的。朗文當(dāng)代He wore dark glasses to protect his eyes from

5、the strong sunlight.他戴墨鏡以防強(qiáng)烈的陽光刺傷眼睛。朗文當(dāng)代詞語辨析wear out/be worn out(1)wear out 穿破，用壞；結(jié)構(gòu)為wear outn./wearpron.outHe wore out two pairs of shoes in one month.他在一個月內(nèi)穿破了兩雙鞋。He has worn them out.他把它們穿破了。(2)be worn out表示狀態(tài)，“穿破了”，用作表語，還可表示“筋疲力盡”，相當(dāng)于be very tired，be tired out。His shirt was worn out，so he bought

6、 a new one.他的襯衫穿破了，所以他買了一件新的。He was worn out after a whole days work.工作一整天后，他十分疲勞。即學(xué)即用_ after a long walk，Mike called and said he couldnt come to the party. AHaving worn out BBeing worn out CTo wear out DWorn out 解析：句意為：長距離步行之后十分疲勞，邁克打電話說 他不能來參加聚會了。Having worn out表示發(fā)生在謂語 動作之前的主動動作；Being worn out表示和謂

7、語動作同 時發(fā)生的被動動作；To wear out不定式表示目的；worn out過去分詞表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動動作，也可 以表示狀態(tài)，在此句中表原因，D為正確答案。 答案：D3. issue n&v.議題，爭論點(diǎn)；(期刊的)期，號；發(fā)布，公 布，發(fā)行 精講拓展 a big/key/ major issue重要議題 make an issue of sth.挑起爭端 be at issue of sth.在審議/爭議中的 take issue with sb.about /on/over sth. 就某事向某人提出異議；就某事向某人爭論 issue sth.to sb.向某人宣布

8、某事 issue sth.to sb./issue sb.with sth.(正式)發(fā)給(供給)某人某物典型例句I dont want to make an issue of it.我不想爭論這件事。朗文當(dāng)代The Christmas issue of the magazine had a picture of carol singers on its cover.圣誕節(jié)那期雜志的封面上刊有唱圣誕頌歌者的照片。朗文當(dāng)代Her ability is not at issue；its her character Im worried about.她的能力毫無爭議，我擔(dān)心的是她的人品。朗文當(dāng)代The

9、 government is expected to issue a statement about the crisis.預(yù)料政府會對這場危機(jī)發(fā)表一個聲明。朗文當(dāng)代They issued the firemen with breathing equipment.他們發(fā)給消防隊隊員氧氣設(shè)備。朗文當(dāng)代He took issue with my view of the problem.他不同意我對這個問題的看法。美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用翻譯句子公共教育是這次會議的最重要的議題之一 。 _這是一個重大問題 ，我們需要花較多的時間考慮。 _ 錢不是問題。 _警方已發(fā)出尋找目擊證人的呼吁。 _ 答案：Publi

10、c education was one of the biggest issues at the meeting. This is a big issue，we need more time to think about it. Money is not an issue. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.4donate vt.捐贈；贈送 精講拓展 donate sth.to sb.捐贈某物給某人 make a generous donation向慷慨相助 典型例句 We often donate clothing to the R

11、ed Cross. 我們經(jīng)常向紅十字會捐贈衣物。美國傳統(tǒng) We are collecting donations for the relief fund. 我們在為救濟(jì)基金募捐。朗文當(dāng)代 They made a generous donation to charity. 他們對慈善事業(yè)慷慨捐助。朗文當(dāng)代As is well known，she has _ her books to the library，which is a great help to our school. Aoffer Bdonated Cgiven Dsupplying 解析：本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：眾所周知，她把她

12、的書本捐贈給了圖書館，這對我們學(xué)校是極大的幫助。 donate sth.to sb.“捐贈某物給某人”，故B項正確。 答案：B5assess vt.評價；評估；評判；評定 精講拓展 assess at估價，核定 assess a tax at.核定稅額為 典型例句 Its difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 現(xiàn)在還難以評價新法令的效果。朗文當(dāng)代 Hes so lazy that its difficult to assess his ability. 他懶惰得很難對他的能力作出評估。朗文當(dāng)代 They

13、 assessed the cost of the flood damage at 1,500. 他們估定洪水造成的損失為1 500英鎊。(劍橋高階)詞語辨析assess/value/evaluate/estimate(1)assess通常表示“估計”出某物的價值，以便有效地利用它。(2)value指“估計某物的價值、價格”，用于一般人所作的“估計”.(3)evaluate很少用來表示“估價”或“估計”某物的市場價值，而是表示“評價”。(4)estimate表示的“估價”或“估計”只是猜測，多多少少有些不準(zhǔn)確的估計，甚至只是一種想法。The value of this property was

14、 assessed at one million dollars.這財產(chǎn)的價值估定為一百萬美元。He valued the ring at $80.他估計這枚戒指值80美元。By marks in numbers or letters，the teacher evaluates a students work.老師用數(shù)字或字母的符號來評價學(xué)生的作業(yè)。We got two or three estimates before having the roof repaired.我們修理屋頂之前先找了兩三家估價。即學(xué)即用She looked at the house and _ its price a

15、t 200,000 yuan. Afixed Baccessed Cevaluated Dassessed 解析：詞語辨析考查。fix“修理”；access入口，進(jìn)入獲 ??；evaluate“評價”；assess“估計”；句意為：她看了看 房子估價為二十萬元。 答案：D6rescue vt.&n.拯救；救援；營救 精講拓展 rescue sb.from將某人從中解救出來 come/go to ones rescue援救或幫助某人 典型例句 She died when trying to rescue her children from the blaze. 她在試圖從大火中救出自己的孩

16、子時身亡。朗文當(dāng)代 Hundreds are still in the water，waiting to be rescued. 數(shù)以百計的人仍在水中，等待救援。朗文當(dāng)代 A rescue team is trying to reach the trapped miners. 營救隊正設(shè)法到達(dá)礦工被困的位置。朗文當(dāng)代 I didnt know anybody at the party，but the hostess came to my rescue(helped me out of a difficult situation) by introducing me to a few peopl

17、e. 在聚會上我誰也不認(rèn)識，但女主人過來救了我的駕，把我介 紹給幾個客人。劍橋高階詞語辨析rescue/save(1)rescue多指在直接的危險或禍患中給予迅速而有效的救援，一般指救人。(2)save是普通而含義廣泛的常用詞，指通過救援不但使受害者(人、動物或物)能脫離危險或禍患，而且使其在今后能安全地生存下去，有時可與rescue通用。He sacrificed his life to rescue another.他為了救別人而犧牲了自己的生命。I saved the animals from the flood.我把動物從洪水中救了出來。即學(xué)即用The lifeboat was sen

18、t out to_ the sailors from the sinking ship.Arescue Bprevent Cprotect Dkeep解析：句意為：救生艇已被派出去營救沉船中的水手。rescue“營救”；prevent“阻止”；protect“保護(hù)”；keep“保持，保存”。通過分析可知A項正確。答案：A 7primitive adj.原始的；簡陋的 精講拓展 (1)同義詞：original adj.最初的，原始的 (2)反義詞：present adj.現(xiàn)在的； modern adj.近代的，現(xiàn)代的 (3) primitive有兩方面的含義： 表示某事物遠(yuǎn)古的。如： They

19、found a primitive tool in the mountain. 他們在山上發(fā)現(xiàn)一件原始工具。 表示某工具粗糙的、簡陋的。如： The natives of that region still live in primitive straw huts. 那個地區(qū)的居民依然住在簡陋的茅草屋里。典型例句Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.原始人用尖石塊和獸骨為自己制作原始的工具。朗文當(dāng)代Small seashells were often used as a pri

20、mitive kind of money.小貝殼常被用作簡單的貨幣。朗文當(dāng)代Early settlers had to cope with very primitive living conditions.早期殖民者不得不應(yīng)付非常原始的生存條件。劍橋高階即學(xué)即用Living conditions in the village are still quite _. Amodern Bprimitive Ctheoretical Dfar­reaching 解析：本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：在這個村莊的生活條件仍 然是非常簡單樸素的。modern“現(xiàn)代的”，primitive“原始的”；

21、theoretical“理論上的；假設(shè)的”；far­reaching“影響深遠(yuǎn)的”。 答案：B8permit vt.允許，準(zhǔn)許 精講拓展 同義詞：allow vt.允許；反義詞：forbid vt.禁止 permit sth./doing sth.允許某事/做某事 permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事 警示誤區(qū)：permit的過去式，過去分詞須雙寫最后一個 字母t再加ed，即：permitted，permitted。它的現(xiàn)在分 詞為permitting。 詞語辨析permit/allow/let/promise(1)permit指強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威性的正式批準(zhǔn)。常用句型“pe

22、rmit sb.to do sth.”或“permit doing sth.”。(2)allow意為“允許”，暗含有默許，放縱之意。常用句型“allow sb.to do sth.”或“allow doing sth.”。(3)let指允許或無力阻止某事，暗指對某事采取漠不關(guān)心，聽之任之的態(tài)度。常用句型“l(fā)et sb.do sth.”。(4)promise主語允諾要干某事。常用句型“promise sb.to do/promise that.”。注意：可以說allow/permit sb.to do sth.不能說allow/permit to do sth.。類似的動詞還有：advise，c

23、onsider，forbid 等 。Smoking is not allowed here.此處不許吸煙。Smoking is not permitted here.此處禁止吸煙。The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted.護(hù)士允許他呆在那里，盡管這是不允許的。Dont let your child play with matches.別讓孩子玩火柴 。典型例句The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.監(jiān)獄部門只允許一月探監(jiān)一次。劍橋高

24、階The rules of the club do not permit smoking.這個俱樂部規(guī)定不準(zhǔn)吸煙。朗文當(dāng)代The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.口令不正確的話，安全系統(tǒng)是不會讓你進(jìn)入的。劍橋高階Ill come after the meeting if time permits.如果時間許可的話 ，我開完會就來。朗文當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用The students were not _ to leave the classroom without an adequate r

25、eason. Apermitted Badmitted Chope Dpromised 解析：本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：沒有充分的理由 學(xué)生們不允許離開教室。permit sb. to do sth sb.is permitted to do sth.“被允許做某事”。 admit意為“承 認(rèn)；允許進(jìn)入”。 可以說 admit sb.to/inton.但不可 說成 admit sb.to do sth.故A項正確 。 答案：A1. in advance預(yù)先 精講拓展 in advance of sth.在之前，超過 on the advance 物價在上漲 with the advance o

26、f 隨著的增加 advance on/towards/upon 朝前進(jìn) advanced in years 年老的，年事已高的 典型例句 Napoleons army advanced on Moscow. 拿破侖的軍隊向莫斯科推進(jìn)。朗文當(dāng)代 We had to pay the rent two weeks in advance. 我們不得不提前兩周交付租金。朗文當(dāng)代 She walked in advance of us，showing us the way. 她走在前面給我們帶路。美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用We propose the state government to allocate mon

27、ey _ to form the old­age insurance fund together with payment from other channels. Ain particular Bin all Cin advance Din return 解析：句意為：我們建議國家財政事先就直接撥款，和 其他渠道的繳費(fèi)一起共同構(gòu)成養(yǎng)老保險基金。 in particular尤其，特別；in all 總共；in return作為回 報；in advance提前，預(yù)先，C項符合題意。 答案：C2take over接替，接管 精講拓展 take away拿走，帶走；移去；消除 take b

28、ack退貨；收回 take down拿下，取下；記下 take in吸收，攝取；理解，領(lǐng)會，欺騙 take off起飛；脫掉，拿去；取消 take on承擔(dān)；雇用 take up開始從事，著手處理 Take it easy.別緊張。/別著急 。/慢慢來。 警示誤區(qū)：take sb.over to.意為 “從一地送某人到另一 地”，而take sth.over( from sb.)意為“從某人手中接管”典型例句He took over from the previous headmaster in February.他2月份接手了前任校長的工作。劍橋高階Im feeling too tired

29、to drive any more，will you take over?我累得開不動車了，你來接手好嗎？朗文當(dāng)代 She was taken on as a laboratory assistant.她受雇為實驗室助理。劍橋高階I cant believe she was taken in by him.我簡直不敢相信她被他騙了。劍橋高階即學(xué)即用Have you heard that CBS Records was _ by Sony? Ataken away Btaken down Ctaken over Dtaken up 解析：句意為：你聽說哥倫比亞廣播公司的唱片公司已 被索尼公司收購

30、了嗎？ take away“拿走，帶走”；take down“拿下，記下”；take over“接替，接管 ”；take up“開始從事，著手處理”。 答案：C3die of 死于 精講拓展 (1)die from“由于而死”，表示由于外部原因而死。如： die from a wound/lack of food/an accident/overwork (2)die of表示由于某種內(nèi)部原因而死 。如：die of cold/hunger/old age/lung cancer/heart disease/grief (3)die out逐漸消失；絕種 (4)die away減弱(以致察覺不

31、到)；淡化 (5)die down逐漸減弱，降低 (6)be dying for/to do渴望，盼望 警示誤區(qū)：在疾病名稱前，die of和die from均可。典型例句She died of cancer/hunger.她死于癌癥/饑餓。朗文當(dāng)代The comedian continued to speak after the laughter died down.笑聲過后，那位喜劇演員繼續(xù)說臺詞。美國傳統(tǒng)This custom has completely died out in the area.這種習(xí)慣在這個地區(qū)已經(jīng)完全消失了。朗文當(dāng)代Im dying to see that mov

32、ie.我非常想去看那部電影。美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空He died _ an accident.This kind of animals has died _ in the world.She died _ old age.答案：fromoutof4rather than而不是 精講拓展 (1)rather than而不是，在更大程度上，具有更充分的理由 (2)rather adv.在一定程度上，相當(dāng)，頗 rather cold weather頗為寒冷的天氣 (rather常修飾貶義詞) (3)would rather do sth.than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事 或 w

33、ould do sth.rather than do sth. (4)would rather sb.did/had done sth.寧愿某人做/做了某事 (5)or rather更確切地說，更恰當(dāng)?shù)卣f詞語辨析fairly/rather(1)fairly常用于表示既不好也不壞的一些性質(zhì)。如：The weather was fairly cold( cold，but not very cold)天氣有點(diǎn)冷。(2)rather在程度上強(qiáng)于fairly，并且常用來表示某種不好的或不適合的性質(zhì)。如：Its rather cold( colder than I would like)天氣相當(dāng)冷。不過英

34、國人也可能把 rather用于他們非常喜歡的東西。如：I was rather pleased when I won the prize.我獲獎后頗為高興。典型例句Rather than cause trouble，he left.他不愿意惹麻煩，寧可離去。朗文當(dāng)代He came home very late last night，or rather very early in the morning.他昨天夜里很晚才回 家 ，說得準(zhǔn)確點(diǎn) ，是今天凌晨才回家的。朗文當(dāng)代The job will take months rather than weeks.完成這項工作需要幾個月，而不是幾周。朗文

35、當(dāng)代Id rather stay home tonight.今晚我寧愿呆在家里。美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用完成句子I _ _ _ _ tomorrow _ today. 我寧愿你明天來，不要今天來。It is the driver rather than the old man that should _ _ _ the accident. 是這位司機(jī)而不是這位老人該為這次事故負(fù)責(zé)任。 答案：would rather you came；than be responsible for1By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new

36、 types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 精講拓展 (1)by the year 2015“到2015年時”，結(jié)構(gòu)：by 時間點(diǎn)， “到時候”。通常用于完成時態(tài)的句子中作時間狀語。 分為兩種情況。 by 表將來的時間點(diǎn)，句子用將來完成時。 By four oclock tomorrow afternoon，I will have already finished all the work. 到明天下午4點(diǎn)，我會早已干完所有的活兒了。 by表過去的時間點(diǎn)，句子用過去完成時。 By

37、 the time he got here，I had already finished all the work. 他到這兒的時候，我已干完了所有的活兒。(2)將來完成時用于表示到將來某一時間已經(jīng)完成的動作，結(jié) 構(gòu)：willhave 過去分詞。By 2046，the population there will have risen to over 20 million.到2046年時，那里的人口將會已經(jīng)超過兩千萬。即學(xué)即用By the time Mother came back from work，I _ my homework. Afinished Bwas finished Chad f

38、inished Dwill finish By the end of this year，we _ another two buildings. Awill build Bwill have built Chave built Dwill be building 答案：C B2By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years. 精講拓展 句中make it t

39、heoretically possible for us to live.所用結(jié)構(gòu) 是：“make it形容詞for sb.to do sth.”，“使某人做某事 很”。其中的代詞it作形式賓語，指代真正的賓語：不 定式短語to live.。由于真正的賓語太長，故將其后置，而 以it 代之。需注意的是，形式賓語只能用it充當(dāng)，不可用別 的指示代詞。而用介詞for 可以引出不定式動詞的邏輯主語.Generation gap makes it hard for parents and children to understand each other.代溝使父母與孩子之間相互難以理解對方。Too

40、many new words make it difficult for us to understand the passage.太多的生詞使我們難以理解這篇短文。根據(jù)句子需要，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞可用比較級。如：The Internet makes it easier for us to learn about the world.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們了解世界變得容易多了。Cellphones make it more convenient for people to get in touch with each other.手機(jī)使人們聯(lián)系更方便了。即學(xué)即用The bad weather made _

41、 impossible for us to go camping.Athat Bit Cthis Dwhat Not knowing English made _ hard to live in the USA.Ait Bthat Cwhich Dthis答案：BA 3In the West magnetism was not discovered until the fifteen century. 精講拓展 until “直到”在句中作介詞，與表時間的the fifteen century構(gòu) 成介詞短語；until也可作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。until的用 法分為兩種情況。 (1)用

42、于肯定句中時，指謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到 until所表示的時間為止，因此謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。 World War went on until Japan declared unconditional surrender. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)一直持續(xù)到日本宣布無條件投降為止。(肯定句， went on延續(xù)性動詞) She was sick in bed until yesterday. 她一直生病臥床休息到昨天為止。(肯定句，was sick in bed表狀 態(tài)，可延續(xù)) (2)用于否定句中，指謂語動詞所表示的動作一直沒有發(fā)生，直到 until所表示的時間才發(fā)生，謂語動詞常用瞬間

43、動詞。 She didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.她直到12點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。即學(xué)即用翻譯句子他在加利弗尼亞一直住到20歲。_直到聽到鬧鐘的鈴聲我才醒來。_答案：He lived in California until he was twenty.I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.1_ her personal room，she has another trailer(活動 住房)where her teacher，Jan，conducts classes in history，spelling，reading

44、，maths，science and health. AIn addition BIn addition to CBeside DExcept 解析：本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：除了她的私人住房 外，她還有另外一間。in addition to“除了之外還 有”，相當(dāng)于besides。 答案：B2I was looking for some ways that would permit Max _ his feelings. Ashowing Bshowed Cto show Dshow 解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。句意為：我在尋找讓 Max表露感情的方法。permit sb.to do sth.

45、；permit doing sth.為固定搭配。 答案：C3The young nurse was very nervous when she _ in her first operation. Aresisted Binsisted Cdiseased Dassisted 解析：考查動詞搭配。句意為：那位年輕的護(hù)士在協(xié) 助做第一項手術(shù)時非常緊張。A項為“抵抗”；B項為 “堅持”，與題意不符；C項為形容詞；D項為“幫助， 協(xié)助”，故選D。 答案：D1She had no idea _ Cork Street was，except _ it was near Bond Street. Awhat

46、；what Bthat；that Cwhere；what Dwhere；that 解析：句意為：她不知道Cork Street在哪兒，除了知 道在Bond Street附近。第一空是idea的同位語從句，根 據(jù)意思用where；第二空是介詞except后的賓語從句， 不缺內(nèi)容，可用that引導(dǎo)，故選D。 答案：D2The argument remains extremely heated _ it is worthwhile for China to open its door to foreign cars. Athat Bwhich Cif Dwhether 解析：句意為：有關(guān)中國是否值得

47、為外國汽車敞開門 戶這一問題仍在激烈的爭論中。whether引導(dǎo)同位語 從句，解釋說明argument的內(nèi)容。 答案：D3So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist. Ahow Bwhat Cwhich Dthat 解析：考查同位語從句。句意為：到目前為止，沒有證據(jù) 證明其他行星上存在人類。proof意為“證據(jù)”，后面常接 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，表示proof的內(nèi)容。 答案：D4Chances are high_ China and Russia will make an agreement to bu

48、ild an oil pipeline. Awhen Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 解析：此題考查同位語從句。that引導(dǎo)Chances的一個 同位語從句，that在從句中不作成分。句意為：中俄兩 國達(dá)成要建立一條輸油管道的協(xié)議的可能性是很大 的。 答案：C5The story spread quickly among his friends _ Tom had lived on a desert island for over five years after the plane crashed. Aif Bthat Cwhat Das 解析：此題考查同位語從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句 時，只起連詞的作用，不在從句中作成分；that引導(dǎo) 定語從句時，不僅起連詞的作用，還要在從句中作主 語或賓語。而此題中that引導(dǎo)的從句Tom had lived on a diesert island for over five years after the plane crashed.中不缺主語，也不缺賓語，所以是一個同位語 從句，解釋說明story的內(nèi)容。 答案：B6I was s