Book1Unit1Friendship知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、一、課文再現(xiàn)1.       Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. （P1）2.       Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend do

2、wn.(使某人平靜下來(lái)). / tell your friend that youve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (關(guān)心,掛念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. （P1）3.       Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked yo

3、u to take care of （照顧）his /her dog. While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. （P1）4.       Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just cant understand what you are going through? (經(jīng)歷) （P2）5.  &

4、#160;    She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. （P2）6.       I dont want to settle down (寫下) a series of （一系列）facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shal

5、l call my friend Kitty. （P2）7.       For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past eleven one evening in order to （目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. （P2）8.       Another time five months

6、 ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the window was open. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face(面對(duì)面) (P2)9.       He used to work (過(guò)去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. （P4）10.    I m gett

7、ing along well with (與某人相處友好)a boy in my class.（P6）11.    Join in (加入) peoples discussion. Try to make friends with(與某人交朋友) one or two classmates. (P7)12.    Mr. Jones lives alone (單獨(dú)) and often feels lonely.（孤獨(dú)） We communicate with each other (相互交流)by Internet /through

8、 the Internet.（P42）13.    A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難之交才是真正的朋友) （P46）14.    A friend to all is a friend to none. (濫交者無(wú)友) （P46）15.    With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是舊的好) （P46） 二、單詞：1、surve

9、y n. 調(diào)查，概述； v. 測(cè)量，檢查； e.g. a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan. 最近的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)顯示大多數(shù)調(diào)查對(duì)象同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami. 州長(zhǎng)查看了海嘯引起的破壞情況。思維拓展：(1). make a survey of sth. 調(diào)查 make a general survey of sth 縱觀(2). survey sth. 調(diào)查，評(píng)述，檢查 survey the eq

10、uipment 檢查設(shè)備詞匯派生：surveyor n. 測(cè)量員，檢察員 2、add v. 增加，增添 e.g. a. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字寫進(jìn)名單嗎？ b. A new wing was added to the building. 這座大樓新添了一座邊房。思維拓展：add up sth 把加起來(lái) add sth to sth 把加到 add up to 合計(jì)；總共指點(diǎn)迷津：(1). add sth to sth 是“把加到上去“，add to 不能分開用，意為“增加了”, 相當(dāng)于increase 或raise. 如

11、：e.g. a. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他給咖啡里加了些糖。 The bad weather added to our difficulty. 壞天氣增加了我們的困難。(2). add還可表示“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)“，后常接從句。e.g. He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他對(duì)會(huì)談很滿意。詞匯派生：addition n. 附加物 additional adj. 附加的adding machine 加法機(jī)in addition to 除之外 3、point n. 要點(diǎn)，尖端，含義； v.

12、 指出e.g. a. The point is that you shouldnt have to wait so long to see a doctor. 關(guān)鍵是看病不應(yīng)等那么久。 b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指著那所房子原來(lái)所在的地方。思維拓展：(1). come to the point of  到了地步to the point of 達(dá)到的程度be on the point of doing 正要做There is no point in 沒必要/沒意義做boiling point 沸點(diǎn)

13、(2). point to/ at 指向 point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事 point out that指出 point sth to/at sb. 把對(duì)著某人指點(diǎn)迷津：(1). 當(dāng)非善意地用手指某人時(shí)，只能用point at.(2). 當(dāng)表示指針指向、證據(jù)表明、建筑物的朝向時(shí)，用point to. 如：e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。詞匯派生：pointed adj. 尖銳的；尖的 pointless adj. 無(wú)意義的，無(wú)益的 4、upset v. 使不安，打亂 adj. 心煩意亂的 e.g.a. His

14、 strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行徑困擾著他父親。 b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多難受。思維拓展：(1). upset sb. 使某人不安 upset the plan 攪亂了計(jì)劃 upset the cup 打翻了杯子 It upsets sb that 讓某人心煩的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做使某人不快。(2). be upset about 對(duì)趕到心煩指點(diǎn)迷津：(1). upset 指由于某事的發(fā)生而心煩意亂。(2). nervous 在

15、做某事的過(guò)程中緊張害怕的感覺。(3). anxious 因擔(dān)心某事的發(fā)生或不發(fā)生而焦慮不安。詞匯派生：upset-upset-upset-upsetting  5、concern n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心，關(guān)系； v.  涉及，有關(guān)e.g. a. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人們對(duì)電視上的暴力內(nèi)容日見擔(dān)憂。 b. Dont be involved in what doesnt concern you. 不要管那些與你無(wú)關(guān)的事。思維拓展：(1). show/express concern about/ for 對(duì)表示關(guān)

16、心/擔(dān)心 have concern with 和有關(guān)系with concern 關(guān)切地(2). concern oneself about/ for 擔(dān)憂/關(guān)心 concern oneself with 從事，參與 concern sb./ sth 與有關(guān)詞匯派生：concerned adj. 有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的be concerned about/ over/for 關(guān)心；掛念be concerned with/ in 牽扯進(jìn)/參與all parties concerned 有關(guān)各方as/so far as be concerned 就而言e.g. As far as Im concerned,

17、 the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。 6、 cheat v. 欺騙,作弊 n. 騙子, 作弊者 eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺騙稅務(wù)員. eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 這兩個(gè)騙子支起兩架織布機(jī).思維拓展： cheat sb. (out) of sth 騙取某人某物 cheat sb. into doing sth 騙某人做 cheat sb. into the belief that 騙某人相信 catch sb. cheating in an

18、exam 作弊被抓 7、feeling n. 感覺,情緒 eg. have no feeling in my foot. 沒有知覺 eg. can understand his feelings 解他的心情.思維拓展：a feeling of hunger 饑餓感a feeling of danger 危險(xiǎn)感a feeling of gratitude 感激的心情have a feeling that 有的預(yù)感l(wèi)ose feeling in ones legs 雙腳失去知覺hurt ones feelings 傷害某人的感情hide/ mask ones feelings 隱瞞感情e

19、xpress feelings 表達(dá)感情構(gòu)詞法:feel v. 感覺出 feelingly adv. 充滿感情地 8、 series n. 一系列,連續(xù)e.g. There has been a series of accidents at the crossing. 在那個(gè)十字路口曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)一連串的事故.思維拓展：a seires of 一連串的, 一系列的a seroes of accidents 一連串事故a series of articles 一系列文章a TV series 一部電視連續(xù)劇in series 連續(xù),一系列地構(gòu)詞法:serial n. 連續(xù)劇, 連載小說(shuō)&#

20、160;9、nature n.(1) 大自然, 自然界the law of nature 自然法則the balance of nature 生態(tài)平衡the beauty of nature 大自然之美(2) 本性,性情human nature 人性a man of gentle nature 性情溫和的人(3) 性質(zhì), 種類 be different in nature 性質(zhì)不同思維拓展：be nature to nature 逼真by nature 天生地against nature 違反自然地常用搭配:its natural that = its natural for sb. to d

21、o sth 做是當(dāng)然的e.g. Its natural that we should carry out the plan. = it s natural for us to carry out the plan.這個(gè)計(jì)劃是當(dāng)然的. 10、powder n. 能量,力量,權(quán)力eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of powder. 搬運(yùn)這件行李需要很大的力氣.思維拓展：be in powder 執(zhí)政,掌權(quán)come into powder = take power上臺(tái),執(zhí)政under ones own power 憑借自身的力量beyond/ o

22、ut of ones powder 力所不能及的構(gòu)詞法:powerful adj. 強(qiáng)有力的 powerless adj. 無(wú)力的,無(wú)權(quán)的 11、suffer v. 遭受,忍受eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受嚴(yán)重破壞.練習(xí): suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/損失/失敗/懲罰/艱難思維拓展：suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒構(gòu)詞法:suffering n. 痛苦, 苦難 sufferer n

23、. 受難者, 患者 12、 purpose n. 目的,意圖eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?思維拓展：on purpose = by accident 故意地for the purpose of 為了的目的with the purpose of 抱著的目的ones purpose in doing sth . 某人做的目的構(gòu)詞法:purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的purposeless adj. 無(wú)目的的purposely adv. 特意地,故意地 13、advice n. 勸告,建議eg

24、. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 他就如何學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)給我們提了一些建議.思維拓展：give / offer sb. some advice on 就給某人提建議ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意見follow / take ones advice接受某人的建議 do sth. by ones advice 按某人的建議做on / upon ones adcice 聽某人的勸告構(gòu)詞法:adviser / advisor n. 建議者,顧問advisory adj. 勸告的, 顧問的advise

25、v. 建議advise sb. to do sth 建議某人做advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建議某人不要做advise doing sth 建議做advise that 建議advise sb. on 向某人提.建議 14、effort n. 努力eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你應(yīng)該更加努力地工作.思維拓展：make an effort to do 努力做= make every effort to do = make grat effor

26、ts to do = spare no effort to do without effort 毫不費(fèi)力地注: “ 全力做.”的表達(dá):do all out to do do / try ones best to dodo all / everything / what one can to do 構(gòu)詞法:effortless adj. 不費(fèi)力的 15、habit n. 習(xí)慣,習(xí)性 eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改變飲食習(xí)慣.思維拓展： develop / form the habit of = build up the h

27、abit of 養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣 fall / get into the habit of 染上的習(xí)慣 be in the habit of = have the habit of 有的習(xí)慣 get sb. into the habit of 使某人養(yǎng)成.的習(xí)慣 get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除.的習(xí)慣 do sth. out of habit 處于習(xí)慣做某事 IV. 課文短語(yǔ):1. go through 通過(guò);經(jīng)受; 仔細(xì)檢查; 完成練習(xí)：go throu

28、gh too many wars 經(jīng)過(guò)太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)go through with ones promise 實(shí)踐諾言The new law has gone through. 新的法律已經(jīng)通過(guò)了.The teacher went through all the students homework. 老師將學(xué)生的作業(yè)仔細(xì)的檢查了一遍.思維拓展:break through 沖破get through 完成, 通過(guò)look through 瀏覽 2. hide away 躲避,隱蔽eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week. 小偷在樹林

29、里隱藏了一周.b. They hid away the solider from the enemy . 他們藏起了這個(gè)戰(zhàn)士以躲避敵人.思維拓展:常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的結(jié)構(gòu):be devoted to education 獻(xiàn)身教育be stationed in the village 駐扎在村里be buried in reading 專心閱讀be seated beside me 坐在我身邊 3. set down 記下， 放下,認(rèn)為,歸因于eg. a. Set down his name and address. 記下他的名字和地址.b.He set down the book on

30、 the bable . 他把書放在桌上.c. I set the man down as a solier. 我以為那人是個(gè)士兵.d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我認(rèn)為他的壞脾氣是由于身體的原因.思維拓展:set down (doing) sth 著手(做)某事set out to do sth. 著手做做某事set off 動(dòng)身,引爆set up 豎起,創(chuàng)設(shè),開辦注: 表示” 記下, 寫下” 時(shí)set down = put down = write down = get down 4. do with 處理,與. 有關(guān)eg.

31、 He didnt knkow what to do with his camel. 他不知如何處置他的駱駝.思維拓展:have sth. to do with 與有關(guān)have nothing to do with 與無(wú)關(guān)have much / a lot of to do with 與有很大關(guān)系指點(diǎn)迷津:(1) do with 表示 “ 處置” 時(shí)常與what 搭配,而 deal with 常與how 搭配.e.g. What to do with his camel how to deal with his camel (2) what與how 的其他搭配What do you think

32、 of ?How do you like / find ?What to do it next (3) do without 沒有也行eg. If theres none left well have to do without. 如果沒有剩余的我們就只得將就了. 5. for once 就這/ 那一次eg. a. For once yourre right . 只有這一次你是對(duì)的.b. I think we might relax orselves for this once .我想我們就這么一次可以放松一下.思維拓展:all at once 突然; 同時(shí)once in a whi

33、le 偶爾once more / again 再一次once upon a time 從前( 用于開始講故事)at once 立刻;同時(shí)指點(diǎn)迷津:for once = this once = just for once = for this once  6. face to face 面對(duì)面地eg. They stood face to face with each other. 他們面對(duì)面地站著.思維拓展:heart to heart 心貼心地, 坦誠(chéng)地shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地hand in hand手拉手地arm in arm臂挽臂地side by s

34、ide 并排地back to back 背靠背地指點(diǎn)迷津:(1) face-to face 是合成形容詞,在句中作定語(yǔ).eg. Well have a face-to-face interview. 我們要進(jìn)行一次面對(duì)面的采訪.(2) face to face 中不用任何冠詞.類似短語(yǔ)如:from door to door 挨門挨戶地from generation to generation 一代一代地from head to foot 從頭到腳from time to tme 不時(shí)地(3) face to face 常與with 連用,表示 “與面對(duì)面”, 在句中作狀語(yǔ). 如:eg. He

35、came face to face with death. 他面臨死亡. 7. get along with 進(jìn)展,相處eg. a. How are you getting along with your classmates? 你與同學(xué)相處怎樣?b. Hes getting along well with his business. 他生意做得很順利.思維拓展:get along well / nicely with 與相處得很好get along badly with 與相處得不好指點(diǎn)迷津:(1) get along with 中的along 也可以用on 替換.(2) get

36、along with sb. 是與某人相處得如何，get along with sth 是某事進(jìn)展得如何()在 He didnt know that we were getting along with them.中，不能用how 代替that . 當(dāng)句中沒有well, nicely 或 badly 等詞時(shí)，才用how. e.g. I want to know how they are getting along with the work. 我想知道他們的工作進(jìn)展得怎么樣 V. 詞義辨析：1. pay, salary 與 wage （1） pay 工資，薪金，是不可數(shù)名詞常指按時(shí)支

37、付的固定薪酬，也指海陸軍人以及在政府部門工作的人的新酬可用來(lái)代替 salary 或wages. 如：eg. a. How much tax do they take out of your pay? 他們從你的工資中抽多少稅？ b. I get my pay every Friday. 我每星期五領(lǐng)薪水（）salary 薪水可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞通常指非體力勞動(dòng)者（如：白領(lǐng)階層的工作者或掌管業(yè)務(wù)的行政人員等）所得的報(bào)酬，一般按月發(fā)回半年、一年發(fā)放一次如：eg. a. He is paid for his work at a high salary .他的工作薪水很高 b. I draw my

38、salary at the end of every month.我每個(gè)月底領(lǐng)工資（）wage 工資，工錢通常指付給體力勞動(dòng)者（如：藍(lán)領(lǐng)工資，也可指按記時(shí)工資常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)有時(shí)工資多或少時(shí)，常說(shuō)much / little wage, 而不說(shuō) many / few wages. 如：eg. a. Wages are high in this country. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的工資待遇高 b. She has a rise in her wages. 她漲了工資。 2. ignore 與be ignorant （1）ignore 裝作不知，故意不理睬（）be ignorant

39、 不知道，沒意識(shí)到eg.a. He ignores the doctors adcice and goes on smoking.他不顧（忽視）醫(yī)生的忠告而繼續(xù)抽煙b. I was ignorant ( of the fact ) that the boss could be so strict. 我不知道老板居然那樣嚴(yán)格 calm, quiet, still 與 silent （1） calm 平靜的，沉重著的指無(wú)風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動(dòng)；（）quiet 寧?kù)o的，安靜的指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮；（）still 靜止的，不動(dòng)的指沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)；（）silent 寂靜的

40、，沉默的，不發(fā)音的指沒有聲音或不講話如：eg. a. He kept calm in face of great danger. 面臨巨大危險(xiǎn)他還是保持鎮(zhèn)靜 b.He leads a quiet life. 他過(guò)著平淡的生活。c. Ask the children to keep silent.讓孩子們保持安靜 d.Please keep/stay still while I take your photo. 我給你拍照時(shí)請(qǐng)別動(dòng)。 concern, anxiety, care與 worry (1) concern 語(yǔ)氣較輕，指對(duì)非常下的人或物的擔(dān)憂；()anxiety “ 擔(dān)憂，掛念

41、，焦急，指對(duì)未來(lái)的事或不能確定的的不安，主要是怕發(fā)生不辛的事，但并非消極的悲觀失望，而是積極地希望避免不辛，另外還有渴望做某事或獲得某事的含義；（3）care “擔(dān)心，掛念，操心”，不僅指感情上的擔(dān)憂，也包括在理智上對(duì)某事的掛念和操心；(4)worry擔(dān)心，煩惱，操心，是日常用語(yǔ)，指過(guò)分的擔(dān)心或無(wú)濟(jì)于事的憂慮等如：eg. a. His childs future was his greatest concern. 孩子的前途是他最關(guān)心的問題b. As his confidence in work increased , his anxieties about it disappeared. 因?yàn)閷?duì)工作的信心曾加了，他對(duì)工作的擔(dān)憂消失了c. Care had made him look ten years older .操心使他看起來(lái)老了歲d. Too much worry had made him look like an old man .過(guò)分憂慮使他看起來(lái)像位老人 in order to, so as