專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理1、詞類 動(dòng)詞詞組：幾乎每年必考。 形容詞和副詞：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 It作形式主語(yǔ)及形式賓語(yǔ)：常考，it本身無(wú)意義。2、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 學(xué)會(huì)抓時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 重點(diǎn)關(guān)注：進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 固定句式：如Hardlywhen等。 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 牢記哪些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是不定式(to do)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)，哪些二者兼可。 作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別，即主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)這個(gè)最重要的區(qū)別。4、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 記住與現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去，將來(lái)相反的三種情況。最?？迹号c過(guò)去相反的情況。 wish，as if 后接三種情況：?？?。 常考：

2、suggest，demand，require，order等表示建議、要求、命令的詞后面加從句時(shí)，從句里謂語(yǔ)要用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形，如果是被動(dòng)則用should +be +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。5、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must be表對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的肯定推測(cè)。 cant be表對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)。 must have + v-ed表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)。 cant have + v-ed表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)。 should have + v-ed則表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有做。6、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句 定語(yǔ)從句：必考。注意點(diǎn)：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別，as和which的區(qū)別，限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)。 從句的

3、區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。注意名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和語(yǔ)序。 7、狀語(yǔ)從句 重點(diǎn)關(guān)注：in case, unless等連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。注意：while, when, until, notuntil, before, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 同時(shí)關(guān)注：目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。8、特殊句式 倒裝句：必考，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注部分倒裝句，as在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法及意義等，都是考生應(yīng)當(dāng)重視的地方。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：必考。 反意疑問(wèn)句：不能忽視，判定方法：前肯定后否定or前否定后肯定，疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與從句主語(yǔ)一致。e.g. I believe she knows it, _? （doesnt she） L

4、ets ，shall we？ Let us ，will you？9、主謂一致題往往出題者都是考謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞選單數(shù)這種情況。 就近原則題：注意。 關(guān)注：主語(yǔ)中含有某些連詞(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)同第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。 就近一致 (1) 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，（有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。 Here the train. （comes） There _ a pen and five books on the table. （ Is） There _ five books

5、and a pen on the table. （are） Where _ your wife and children to stay while you are on business?（ Is） (2)用連or, eitheror, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。 Tom or you _ taken my pen.（have） Not only you but also he _ wrong.（is）語(yǔ)法一致 （1）若主語(yǔ)后面跟由with ,along with, together with, like

6、, but, except, besides, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to等連接的另一個(gè)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)通常要與前面的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：1.He as well as I _ to go boating. (想)（wants）A library with five thousand books _ offered to the nation as a gift（IS）（2）用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人、同一事、同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。A ha

7、mmer and a sickle _ useful tools.（are）錘子和鐮刀都是有用的工具。The poet and singer _ come.（has）那位詩(shī)人兼歌唱家來(lái)了。(3) 用連詞and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, no, every 或 many a 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). e.g. Every boy and every girl in our class the pop star. （likes）(4) one and a half 修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 主語(yǔ)是“one or two復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。(5)百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞, 以及a

8、lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of +名詞作句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如: About three-fourths of the earths surface （is ）covered with water. Twenty percent of the workers in the factory （are） men. 時(shí)態(tài) 關(guān)鍵在于抓住時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。注意： 1) 客觀真理，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)； 2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響； 3) 瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)

9、間連用； 4) 大時(shí)間小時(shí)間，用進(jìn)行時(shí)； 5) by+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用完成時(shí)； 6) 主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)； 7) 表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表現(xiàn)形式 一般將來(lái)時(shí)除了使用“shallwill + V”以外，也可以使用下列的幾種句式來(lái)表達(dá): 1) be going to + V (即將會(huì)；打算將) 2) be about to + V (即將，指緊接著要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， “即將做”或“馬上做”, 指最近的將來(lái)) 3) be + V-ing (即將，指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)) 4) be + to V (即將，指約定、命令或按計(jì)劃要做的事)

10、 5) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) (指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，但不如第3項(xiàng)主觀)注意區(qū)別：used to do: 表示“過(guò)去常?；蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)”be used to doing sth./ sth.: 表示“習(xí)慣于”e.g.I used to have a walk after supper, but now I'm used to playing basketball.現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去完成時(shí) This is the 最高級(jí) + that從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) e.g. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. It has been/is + 時(shí)間段 + since

11、It (This) is the first time + 從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) It (This) was the first time + 從句(過(guò)去完成時(shí))將來(lái)完成時(shí) will have done 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1) 在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。 Ive been reading this book for two hours, but I havent finished it. 這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小

12、時(shí)了，但我還沒(méi)讀完。 2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。 She has always been working like that. 她一貫是這樣工作的。no sooner.than”、“barely/ hardly/ scarcely.when” 含義：“一就”。句子的前半部分用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而后半部用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。該句型通常采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out. =Scarcely (Hardly) had I opened the cage when the little bird

13、 flew out. 我一開(kāi)籠小鳥(niǎo)就飛出去了。 在 hardly/scarcely/when； no soonerthan; not only but also；so.that; suchthat 的倒裝句中，前倒后不倒。被動(dòng)態(tài) 要點(diǎn)：及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞只有和介詞結(jié)合才能有被動(dòng)態(tài)。不用被動(dòng)態(tài)的情況： 1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞): appear, die, disappear, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, ke

14、ep silence, lose heart, take place. 2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ): fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (keep除外) appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay,

15、 taste, turn主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1) wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive等，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為物，表示其特性時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式。 e.g. The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。 2) 系動(dòng)詞（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫B系動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，它們沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 e.g. Your reason sounds reasonable. 3)blame, let(出租),

16、 remain, rent e.g. I was to blame for the accident. 4) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve + V-ing結(jié)構(gòu)中，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義. e.g. The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 5) 在too. to do sth. 和enough to do sth. 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，若句子主語(yǔ)與其后不定式to do sth. 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則該不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(有時(shí)也可直接用被動(dòng)式). e.g. The

17、writing is too faint to read. 這筆跡太模糊，看不清。 e.g. These boxes are not strong enough to use be used as platforms. 這些箱子不夠牢，不能用作站臺(tái)。 6) 某些“be + 形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如： The book is difficult to understand. 這書很難懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to. 這音樂(lè)不好聽(tīng)。 The picture is interesting to look a

18、t. 這幅畫看起來(lái)挺有趣的?！癰e + 形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu) 注：此句型中，動(dòng)詞不定式和主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是一種邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，按理說(shuō)不定式要用被動(dòng)形式，但習(xí)慣上卻用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。這類形容詞有：easy, hard, nice, fit, dangerous, difficult, impossible, convenient, interesting, important, pleasant, comfortable, light, heavy, good, safe, tough, tricky等。 e.g. The question is easy to answer. Its easy

19、 to answer the question. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，若接動(dòng)名詞則其前應(yīng)有介詞of。 e.g. The picture-book is well worth reading. =The picture-book is very worthy to be read. =The picture-book is very worthy of being read.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法作表語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ) ： to, only to (卻), in order to, so as toe.g

20、. He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。*不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞He is looking for a room _(live). To live inPlease give me a knife _(cut). to cut withI need a pen to write _. 我需要一支筆寫字。with（介詞不能省略）1.He bent down _ (pick) the pen lying on the floor.（to pick）2.He bent down and _ (pick) the pe

21、n lying on the ground.（picked）3.The teacher did what she could _ me with my lessons. （D）A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help4. The doctor did everything he could _ (save) the patient.(to save)5. Every minute is made full use of _ (study) our lessons.（to study）動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)When I got home, my son happ

22、ened to be watching TV. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said (to have read) thirty novels this year. I'm sorry( to have kept )you waiting so longAfter graduation, he asked( to be sent) to work in the countryside.This novel is said (to have been translated) into French.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞基本構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有

23、具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾I hope you dont mind my saying it.2.可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.后只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的一些常用特殊動(dòng)詞特殊動(dòng)詞接“動(dòng)名”，使用它們要記清， 避免錯(cuò)過(guò) (少) 延期 avoid / miss /delay/postpone建議完成 (多) 練習(xí) suggest / advise/ finish /practise喜歡想象 禁不住 enjoy

24、/appreciate/ imagine/ resist / cant help承認(rèn) 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit / deny/envy逃脫 冒險(xiǎn) (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand / keep / keep on / mind掌握它們今必行。1. 不定式與動(dòng)名詞無(wú)區(qū)別 start begin continue + to doing注意下列情況中begin和start后須接不定式主語(yǔ)是物不是人 Spring came on, and the snow began to melt.begin和start

25、用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) Its beginning to snow.后接表示心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：understand, realize, know I began to realize how stupid I was.后接不定式被動(dòng)式 The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s. 2. 不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別細(xì)微love hate like prefer + to doing后接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，多指一個(gè)人的愛(ài)好、習(xí)慣等，后接不定式表的某一次動(dòng)作 I like _swiming_ (swim) in summer. I

26、 didnt like _ to swim_ (swim) that day.3.不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別很大 : remember forget regret try mean stop go on cant helpa. I remember（visiting） his parents when I went to the town.Ill remember（to visit ）his parents when I go to the town.b. Hes forgotten（switching）off the light.He forgot（to switch ）off the light

27、when he left.c. I regret（aying） those words. I regret（to say） that I cant come tonight. d. He tried（teaching） the children in a new way. He tried（to teach ）the children as much as he could. 1. Boys, don't forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. DA. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to

28、 close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. CA. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. AA. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off1.The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk). talking2.He forgot ever _ (write

29、) to me, so he wrote another one. writing3.I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week. bringing4.I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice. to tell5. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces. liberating6. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after you have finished this one. to do分詞的否

30、定式not + 分詞 Not having received his letter, he decided to call him. Not knowing his address, she cannot get in touch with him.現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成 1.(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 2. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 3. (Hea

31、ring/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 4. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 5.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。分詞作插入語(yǔ) 其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally s

32、peaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)到 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來(lái)看taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái) Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動(dòng)作) 練習(xí) European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popul

33、ar sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 選A，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，這類分詞短語(yǔ)常放在句子的后面, ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。、 e.g. His parents died, （leaving ）him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only （to find ）it was closed 練習(xí) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next yea

34、r. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 選C。該題考查過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法。The plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。see sth. done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的還有watch (notice, observe, have 和 make) sth. done.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，要看分詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：若為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；若為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞。e.g. make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己) 練習(xí) The pati

35、ent was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat 選C。該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應(yīng)該用結(jié)構(gòu)，且not應(yīng)放在to之前。 練習(xí) The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B.

36、 to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 選A。注：first played in 776 B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C. 練習(xí) I found my car _.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見(jiàn)了。missing I'll have my watch _.我想把我的手表修一下。repaired He had his leg _ in the basketball match yesterday. 他的腿在昨天的籃球比賽中受了傷。Injured修改句子分詞作狀語(yǔ) Walking

37、 through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (wrong) Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (wrong) Standing on the tower, we could see the whole village.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。

38、3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。 e.g.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 2011年 All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but stay at the airport. D A. had been cancelled B. were cancelled C. having

39、been cancelled D. have been cancelled With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ): 表伴隨。典型例題The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)常常用with來(lái)引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞“手”與分詞“綁”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞，選D。

40、定語(yǔ)從句只用that的情況 先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. “介詞+

41、關(guān)系代詞”的用法 可用來(lái)限定名詞、代詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. whichas/which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從

42、句(1) 位置不同：as 具有正如之意，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置隨你意，可在句前、句中、句后；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用于句首。As we had expected, the meeting was canceled.The meeting, as we had expected, was canceled.The meeting was canceled, as we had expected.(2)如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。 Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. (3)與such或the

43、 same連用時(shí)，一般用as. Such books as you tell me are interesting.as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as is known to all 眾所周知as is often the case 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的as has been said before 如上所述 定語(yǔ)從句中：若先行詞是one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),定從謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若先行詞是the only one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),定從謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)Tom is o

44、ne of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.*Is this factory _ we visited last week? DA. where B. that C. which D. the one*This factory is _ we visited last week.A. where B. that C. which D. the one口訣先行詞沒(méi)有，

45、the one/ones加前頭Is this problem the one you have thought of for ten years?主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后. 連接詞that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略. whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 但if不能. whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 不能. e.g. 1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that

46、he is a famous singer.) e.g. 2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)表語(yǔ)從句 不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 應(yīng)使用 The reason is that 或 This/ it/ that is because等句型. 例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because

47、that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.只能用whether whether與if均為“是否”，但下列情況下只用whether ： 1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首 Whether he wi

48、ll come is not clear. 2. whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 The question is whether hell come. 3. whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ) Im not sure about whether well win. 4. 從句后緊跟“or not”或 “to” Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣】Be型：即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用do或should do1）想要(desire)、寧愿(prefer)、命令(order, command)、建議(advise, suggest, propose, r

49、ecommend, urge)、要求(demand, require, request, ask, insist, maintain)中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) do。e.g. He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice.2) 表情緒、觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：necessary, important, urgent, impossible, essential, desirable, proper, recommendable, advisable, natural, strange, surprisin

50、g, a pity 等。句型：It is that + (should) do3) 凡是由lest (以免, 免得), in case (以防), for fear that (生怕, 唯恐)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用(should) do。e.g. Keep quiet in case you (should) interrupt him when he is busy.Were型：即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式1）It is (high, about) time (that) + did 該的時(shí)候了2) wish/ as if/ as though/ if only/ would rather/ would

51、 sooner + 從句時(shí)，有三種情況，各自把時(shí)態(tài)推到過(guò)去?，F(xiàn)在用did (be用were)，過(guò)去用had done，將來(lái)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do (be用were) 記住固定結(jié)構(gòu)，除非能在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中找到混合時(shí)間的證據(jù)，否則都按照固定結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。 e.g. If you had worked hard, you would have passed the examination. e.g. If you had worked hard, you would pass the examination tomorrow. 注意： 當(dāng)從句中含有had, should, were, 可以省掉if，改

52、為倒裝形式。If only + V-ed 結(jié)構(gòu)If only過(guò)去式過(guò)去完成式 說(shuō)明此句型意為“要是就好了”。 1) 用過(guò)去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反； 2) 用過(guò)去完成式，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個(gè)有錢的爸爸就好了。區(qū)別：only if(只要)是if的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式If I should ., I would. 結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifshould，wouldshould do 表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，可譯成“萬(wàn)一”。 If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬(wàn)一他來(lái)，我會(huì)把真相告訴他。 If it

53、 should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬(wàn)一下雨，我們的計(jì)劃就泡湯了。If I were to ., I . 結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifwere to，would/should + do 這也表示與未來(lái)狀況相反的假設(shè)，與“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣。 e.g. If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.would rather/sooner would rather/sooner do.than do：“寧愿也不” He would rather resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.would rather+從句：1) 現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)。2) 過(guò)去的動(dòng)作：謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來(lái)看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過(guò)