新編語法復習

1、語法復習第一章 名詞名詞分類：可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、單純名詞、名詞所有格。講解：一、可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。復數(shù)具體變化見下表：（1） 一般的名詞都在詞尾加“s”。（2） 以s, x, sh ,ch結尾加“es”,如：box-boxes, bus-buses, class-classes, watch-watches（3） 以“y”結尾，去y,再加“ies”。如：cities城市、countries國家。（4） 以o結尾有生命加“es”如：tomatoes西紅柿 potatoes馬鈴薯；無生命加“s” ,如： radios錄音機 photos相片 zoos動物園 heros英雄

2、（5） 以f或fe結尾的，去掉加ves。如：leaf-leaves葉子 knife-knives小刀 wife-wives妻子 self-selves自己 half-halves半 thief-thieves小偷 life-lives生命（6） 單復數(shù)保持原型，有：sheep羊， fish魚，money錢，Chinese中國人,，Japanese日本人，people人等，在句子表達時用復數(shù)。如：We are Chinese. There are many people. There are a lot of money.（7） 不規(guī)則變化，有：man-men男人 woman-women女人 c

3、hild-children孩子 footfeet腳 tooth-teeth牙齒 二、不可數(shù)名詞：沒有復數(shù)形式，表示數(shù)量時不能用基數(shù)詞，要用量詞表示，這類量詞有：some(一些), a little(一點), much(很多), any(一些), a lot of(很多), a piece of(一條，一塊) , a cup of(一杯)等。如：a piece of news一條消息some pieces of news某些消息a cup of tea 一杯茶two cups of tea 兩杯茶a piece of bread 一片面包two pieces of bread 兩片面包 much

4、 money很多錢 a lot of water很多水常見的不可數(shù)名詞：bread面包 coffee咖啡 fish魚 food食物 meat肉 milk牛奶 water水 juice果汁 tea茶 newspaper報紙 action活動 advice建議 age年紀 chance機會 exam考試 education教育 excuse借口 health健康 idea注意 information信息 language語言 message口信 money錢 time時間 weather 天氣 world世界三、單純名詞。 單純名詞指的是在各個領域或是范圍表示的所有名詞，比如表示食物、飲料、衣服、

5、運動、學習用具、家具、月份、季節(jié)、星期、家庭稱呼等等。單純名詞可分為實義名詞和抽象名詞兩類。前者指的是可以看得見，摸得著的東西。后者指的是看不見，也摸不著，只存在腦海里的抽象東西。這類型的詞往往多為不可數(shù)四、名詞所有格：表示所屬的關系。單數(shù)時：a boys bag 一個男孩的包 復數(shù)時：two boys bags兩個男孩的包 兩人所屬時：Lilys and Lucys father莉莉和露西的爸爸。練習 一、選擇。 1,-What would you like to drink? - , please. A. Coffee B. Fruit C. Bread 2, I was late for

6、 class again. The English teacher asked me for the . A. idea B. excuse C. answer 3, You dont need to buy any .We still have many in the fridge. A. meat B. milk C. eggs 4, June 1st is . A. Childrens Day B. Teachers Day C. Womens Day5, Her father buy her for her birthday party. A. two box of apples B.

7、 two boxes of apples C. two box of apple7, She has three good pen pals. One is , the other two are . A. Japanese; English B. Canada; Americans C. Russian; Germany8, The sign“ ”means that you can get out of the cinema from that door. A.ENTRANCE B. EXIT C. PULL9, Kate is a friend of . A. Anns mother B

8、. Anns mothers C. Ann mothers二、選詞填空。 Photo sheep man city tooth money potato 1、Beijing is one of the most important in China. 2、I see some are eating classes on the hill 3、We took many in Sanya. 4、This MP3 cost me lots of . 5、Tom like to eat fried . 6、Your are black. You should see the dentist.三、把下列

9、名詞變成復數(shù)形式。 1. map 2. desk 3. tree 4. orange 5. boy 6. key 7. zoo 8. photo 9.box 10. class 11. watch 12. dish 13. potato 14. tomato 15. city 16. family 17. knife 18. life 19. life 20. scarf 21. foot 22. tooth 23. child 24. people 25. Chinese 26. sheep 27. policeman 28. American 29. fish 30. man 第二章 動詞

10、一，分類： 系動詞：be am(was) is(was) are(were) 助動詞：do(did) dose(did) have/has(had)連系動詞：look看起來 , sound聽起來 , smell 聞起來, taste嘗起來 , feel 感覺到, get/turn/become變得，成為。 情態(tài)動詞：can(could)能的 may(might)可能 must必須 will(would)將要 shall(should) need需要 maybe have to不得不 be able to能夠 單純動詞：agree同意answer回答allow許可arrive到達ask問beco

11、me成為begin開始believe相信borrow借bring帶來buy買call打電話carry搬catch抓住climb爬山close關come來cook煮飯cost花費cry哭cut砍dance跳舞decide決定do做 clean打掃build建立drink喝drive開車eat吃enjoy享受enter進入exercise鍛煉explain解釋fail失敗feed喂養(yǎng)finish完成find找fly飛follow跟隨forget忘記get得到give給go去grow長大hate恨hear聽到help幫助hope希望hurry趕快keep保留kill殺死hurt傷害imagine想象

12、improve改善invite邀請jump跳laugh嘲笑 leave離開 let like喜歡 listen聽 live住 look看 love愛 make做，使 mind介意 miss想念，迷路 mistake犯錯 move移動，搬遷 open開opened開放的 pass通過的 pay付款 play打，玩 please請 post寄 protect保護 put放 reach到達 read讀 relax放松 repair維修 report報告 review復習 ride騎 ring打電話 run跑 save救 say說 see看 sell賣 set建立 sing唱 sit坐 sleep睡

13、smile笑 sound聽起來 speak說 spend花費 stand站 stay留 stop停 study學習 surprise驚奇 游泳 take帶，拿 talk聊天 taste嘗 tell告訴 thank謝謝 think認為 travel旅游 understand明白 use使用 visit拜訪 wait等 醒 walk走 want想 watch看 wear穿著 work工作 worry擔心 write寫 know知道 二，講解：1，系動詞：be am(was) is(was) are(were) been being be+現(xiàn)在分詞，構成進行時態(tài)。如：I am reading.我在讀

14、書。 be+過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。如：English is spoken by many people. 英語被很多人說。2, 連系動詞：look看起來 , sound聽起來 , smell 聞起來, taste嘗起來 , feel 感覺到, get/turn/become變得，成為。連系動詞+形容詞，如：It sound good.這聽起來很好。 Do you feel better?你覺得好點嗎？3，助動詞：do(did) dose(did) have/has(had) Do/Does +人稱+動詞原形 構成一般現(xiàn)在時問句。如：Do you sleep? Did+主語+動詞原形 構成一般

15、過去時問句。如：Did you do your homework? Have/has+過去分詞 構成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：I have been to the Great Wall.4, 情態(tài)動詞：can（could）能，會；will(would)將要，shall(should)應該， May(might)可以，must必須，havehas to 不得不，be ableto 能夠 ，must be 肯定是，cant 不可能是，wont do 不會再做 。所有的情態(tài)動詞后要跟動詞原形。（1）、用May開頭的疑問句，肯定回答：Yes, you can. 否定回答：No, you mustnt.如：May

16、 I use you car? Yes,you can. No,you mustnt. 我可以借用你的車嗎？是的，可以。 不，不行。（2）、用Must引出的疑問句，肯定回答：Yes, you must. 否定回答：No, you neednt. 如：Must I finish the work on time? Yes, you must No, you neednt. 我必須準時完成工作嗎？ 是的，必須。 不，沒必要。（3）、Should+動詞原形：表示應該做某事，用于提建議。如：You should do more exercise. You should drink lots of wa

17、ter.你該多做運動。 你該多喝水。 （4）would 多數(shù)用在意愿做某事。 Would you like some+名詞？：表示你想要些什么嗎? 如：Would you like some drink？想來些飲料嗎？ Would like to +動詞原型：表示想要做什么。 如：I would like to eat some fruit.我想吃些水果。5. 單純動詞：這類的動詞主要根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。 也有一些意思較接近，但是用時要區(qū)別。（1），動詞look, see, watch ,read的區(qū)別。 共同點：表示“看”。 不同點：look強調看的動作，常見的固定搭配有：look at看

18、，look after照顧，look like看來像，look for尋找，look up查找 ，look around四處看 See強調看的結果。如：I see you in the room.我在房里看見你。watch表示觀看，用于比賽、電視、表演等；如：watch TV 、 watch gameread表示看書、看報、閱讀。如：read book、read newspaper （2），動詞reach, get ,arrive的區(qū)別。 共同點：表示“到達”。 不同點：reach后面直接跟地點，如：I reached Haikou last night. 我昨晚到達?？?。 get和arriv

19、e后面不能直接跟地點，要和介詞連用。如：get to - I get to school every day. arrive at(小地點)- I arrived at hospital yesterday. arrive in(大地點)- I arrived in London yesterday. （3），動詞speak, say, tell, talk的區(qū)別。 共同點：表示“說”。不同點：speak后接語言。如：I speak English. 我說英語。 say后跟說話內容。如: I say I dont like it?我說我不喜歡它 tell表示告訴，如：Tell me how t

20、o get there! talk表示告訴，talk to/with sb:和-談話，如：Who is he talking to?（4），動詞spend, take, cost, pay的區(qū)別。 共同點：表示“花費”。 不同點：在句子里搭配不同。1、 spend-sb spend-(in)doing sth或sb spend-on sth：某人花費（時間）做某事。如：I spend an hour in mending the bike. 我花了一小時在修車上。2、 take-It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花了某人不少時間，(強調花時間)如：It tak

21、es me an hour to mend the car. 修車花了我一個小時。3、cost-It cost sb some money to do some. 做某事花了某人多少錢，（強調花錢）如：It cost me 20 yuan to buy the shoes.買鞋花了我20元。4、pay-pay for 付款 如：（5），動詞bring, take, get的區(qū)別。 bring表示“帶來”， take表示“帶走”， get表示“去拿來”。（6），動詞borrow, lend的區(qū)別。 borrow表示“借入”常用于：brorrow sth from sb從某人處借某物。 如：He

22、borrow some money from me.他從我這借了一些錢。 lend表示“借出”常由于：lend sth to sb把某物借給某人。 如：I lend my bike to him.我把單車借給他。（7），動詞詞組used to的用法。 used to do sth表示過去常常做某事。 be used to doing sth表示習慣做某事。 be used to do sth表示被用來做某事。三，練習：1, -Excuse me, how long may I the book? For a week. A. borrow B. keep C. lend2, Can you E

23、nglish? A. talk B. say C. speak3, Please an umbrella when you are out. Its going to rain. A. bring B. take C. carry4, Mr. Green always weekend playing with his children. A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays6, That song very well. A. listens B. hears C. sounds7, Please write to me as soon as you Shang

24、hai. A. arrive B. reach at C. get to9, -Must I finish the work today? -No, you . You may finish it tomorrow. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt10, I my notebook at home this morning. A. left B. forgot C. lost11, -Whose dictionary is it? -It Mikes. Look! His name is on the cover. A. cant B. must be C. m

25、ight be12, Dont be late for school again, David. Sorry, I . A. wont B. dont C. didnt13, -Listen! Helen is singing in the next room. -It be Helen. She has gone to the teachers office. A. cant B. mustnt C. should14, -I really cant stop playing games. -For your health, I am afraid you . A. must B. have

26、 to C. can 15, You go to bed and have a rest if you dont feel well. A. must B. should C. need第三章 非謂語動詞一，分類： （1），動詞原形：do （2），動詞不定式：to do - （3）動名詞：doing -二，講解： （1），動詞原形：dolet /make /have sb do sth表示讓某人做某事had better do sth 最好做某事（2），動詞不定式：to do -be ask to do 被要求做某事, like to do喜歡做某事 , would like to do想要做

27、某事 , tell sb(not) to do告訴某人(不)去做某事 , want to do想要做某事, help to do 幫助做某事, prefer to do寧愿做某事, decide to do決定做某事, begin to do開始做某事, forget to do忘記做某事, remember to do記得做某事, learn to do學習做某事, try to do盡力做某事 有時跟“Its” 合用，變成以下的結構： Its +kind+of sb +to do sth某人做某事真是友好 Its +nice+of sb +to do sth某人做某事真是好 Its +po

28、lite+of sb +to do sth某人做某事真是禮貌 Its +careful+of sb +to do sth某人做某事真是細心（3）動詞的動名詞：doing sth finish doing完成做某事 , mind doing介意做某事, enjoy doing喜歡做某事 , be busy doing忙于做某事, howwhat about doing做某事怎樣, be good at doing擅長做某事, keepdoing保持做某事 ,stopfrom doing 阻止某人做某事, be used for doing被用來做某事, spendin doing 花費.做某事,

29、 thanks for doing 謝謝做某事, be interested in doing感興趣做某事 有時單獨作名詞如：Smoking is bad for your health. Swimming is my favorite sport.其他附加格式：（1），某些動詞既跟to do, 也跟doing, 區(qū)別如下： stop to do sth停下來去做另一件事 stop doing sth停止做某事 try to do sth努力做某事 try doing sth嘗試著做某事 go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事 go on to do sth接著去做另一件事 remember

30、 to do sth記得去做某事remember doing sth記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 forget to do sth忘記去做某事 forget doing sth忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事（2），hear, see, find等后也可接sb doing sth表示動作正在進行。 hear sb doing sth聽到某人在做某事 see sb doing sth看到某人在做某事 find sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)到某人在做某事 （3），when, which, where, how等疑問代詞后也跟to,表示“去做” When to do 什么時候去做 which to do 去選哪樣做 Where

31、 to do 什么地方該去 how to do怎樣去做三，練習： 一、用括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。1，How about (go) shopping tomorrow?2, Tom enjoys (study) English every day.3, Stop (talk) when class begins.4, Thanks for (come) to see us.5, Dont forget (bring) your homework again.6, After I finished (do) my homework, I went to bed.7, (run) in the

32、morning is my favorite sport.8, Would you like (go) boating?9, Would you mind (do) the cleaning.10, His brother is good at (dance).11, He likes (sing) very much.12, Today is Sunday. Lets go (swim).二、選擇。 1, Its six oclock now. Its time . A. get up B. getting up C. to get up 2, There are so many thing

33、s. I cant decide which . A. to buy B. buying C. bought 3, Please let me when you will come back from Shanghai. A. know B. to know C. knowing 4, -Do you remember me somewhere in Nanjing? -Yes, of course. Two years ago. A. to see B. seeing C. saw 5, Dont forget the letter on your way home. A. post B.

34、posting C. to post 6, The students are busy their English exam. A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepare 7, Something is wrong with my bike. Ill have it this afternoon. A. repairing B. to repair C. repaired 8, I spend about two hours my homework every evening. A. doing B. to do C. do 9, We are talking

35、about how a talk on Internet, A. give B. giving C. to give 10, Youd better not when your month is full of food. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak第四章 動詞時態(tài)一，分類和講解： （一）一般現(xiàn)在時。 1，概念：表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性動作。 2，構成：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞加-s或-es。其他人稱用動詞原形。第三人稱單數(shù)形式與名詞復數(shù)基本相同。 3，時間標志詞：often經(jīng)常 always總是 usually通常 sometimes有時 ever

36、y day每天 4，練習： 一，把下列動詞變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式。 1,go 2,pass 3,teach 4,have 6,be 7,do 8,finish 9,watch 10,marry 12,study 二，選擇。 1，-Can you father drive? Yes, he usually to school. A. drove B. is driving C. drives 2, - Emily often to go to bed by 10:00? Yes, she does. A. Does; has B. Does; have C. Do; have 3. What do

37、 you do? Im a doctor. I in the hospital. A. work B. works C. worked 4, Maria often to the park on weekends. A. go B. goes C. going 三，用所給詞的恰當形式填空。 1, Mike often (write)to his mother. 2, He drives to work and usually (get)three on time. 3, They (cook)for the dinner every day. 4, My father (watch)TV ev

38、ery night. 5, My uncle (have)lunch with us every week.（二）現(xiàn)在進行時1，概念：表示說話瞬間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也表示目前正在進行的動作。2，構成： be(am/is/are) + doing 動詞以e結尾，去e加ing，重音結尾，雙寫再加ing, 常見：swimming, running, 3，時間標志詞：now現(xiàn)在 at the moment=now listen聽！ Look看！ These days這些天 this month這個月 4，練習：一， 選擇。 1.Listen! Bob with him. A. talks B. i

39、s talking C. talked 2.Dont turn on the TV. Grandma now. A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. sleep 3.I am sitting on the chair and computer. A. plays B. playing C. play 4.What the woman over there? A. is; do B. are; doing C. is; doing 5. - you the window? Yes, I am. A. Do; clean B. Is; cleaning C. Are; c

40、leaning二，用所給詞的恰當形式填空。 1. I am not (eat) dinner. 2. Look! They are (swim) at the pool. 3. Li Lei (take) a walk to school now? 4.The teacher is (talk) with his father. 5. Listen! The baby (sleep) in the room. (三)一般過去時。 1，概念：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 2，構成：規(guī)則變化：動詞后面直接加-ed。 不規(guī)則變化：見下列不規(guī)則分類表。 3，時間標志詞：yesterday昨

41、天、 two days ago兩天前 in 1990在1990年 、 just now剛才 、 last night/week/year昨晚/上周/去年、a monet ago 剛才常見的不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞原型過去時過去分詞意思原型過去時過去分詞意思am/iswasbeen是、在givegavegiven給arewerebeen是、在gowentgone去becomebecamebecome成為have/hashadhad有beginbeganbegun開始keepkeptkept保持breakbrokebroken打壞knowknewknown知道bringboughtbought帶

42、來leaveleftleft離開buildbuiltbuilt建立loselostlost丟失buyboughtbought買makemademade做catchcaughtcaught抓住meetmetmet遇到cancouldcould能夠paypaidpaid付款comecamecome來putputput放costcostcost花費readreadread讀drinkdrankdrank喝rideroderidden騎drivedrovedrove開車ringrangrungeatateeaten吃runranrun跑fallfellfallen掉下saysaidsaid說feelf

43、eltfelt喂sendsentsent送findfoundfound找到singsangsung唱歌forgetforgotforgot忘記sitsatsat坐getgotgot得到sleepsleptslept睡覺speakspokespoken說thinktaughttaught教書cutcutcut割切dodiddone做spendspentspent花費winwonwon贏swimswamswum游泳writewrotewritten寫teachtaughttaught教understandunderstoodunderstood明白 4，練習： 一，選擇 1, She busy l

44、ast night? A. Is B. Was C. Were 2, I didnt buy a gift. I lots of photos. A. buy B. take C. bought 3, - you go to the zoo yesterday? - Yes, I some animals A. Do; see B. Did; saw C. Did; see 4, -When you the bike? -Last month. A.have; bought B.did; buy C. have; bought 5, -When your mother back? -About

45、 one day ago A. did; come B. had; come C. have; come 二，用所給詞的恰當形式填空。 1, you (go)shopping last Sunday? 2, Li Lei (not go) swimming yesterday. 3, She (read)a book under the tree just now. 4, When (be) you born? 5, Mr.Green (be) born on July5,1980.(四)一般將來時。 1，概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 2，構成：(1)will/shall+動詞原形，

46、表達對未來的設想。 (2)am/is/are+動詞原形，表示計劃或打算將要做某事。 (3)am/is/are+動詞+ing表示一個將要發(fā)生的動作，常見的動詞有：come, go ,leave, move等。 (4)There will be+名詞/形容詞，表示某個地方將來會有-。 3，時間標志詞：tomorrow明天 next week/month/year下個星期/下個月/明年 the day after tomorrow后天 In two days兩天后（in多用于將來時） 4，練習： 一，選擇題。 1，-Jim，you are late! Sorry, I next time. A. d

47、ont B. wont C. am not 2, There a football game tomorrow afternoon. A. has B. will be C. will have 3, I think he in half an hour. A. returned B. will return C. returns 4, My father will return six days. A. ago B. after C. in 5, He will do better in English if he hard. A. work B. will work C. works 二，用所給詞的恰當形式填空。 1，We (not have) any classes next week. 2, My mother (not go) if it rains tomorrow. 3, He (write) to me as soon as he arrives in Shanghai. 4, I think I (go) out for a picnic tomorrow. 5, There